This package provides a collection of methods to determine the required sample size for the evaluation of inequality constrained hypotheses by means of a Bayes factor. Alternatively, for a given sample size, the unconditional error probabilities or the expected conditional error probabilities can be determined. Additional material on the methods in this package is available in Klaassen, F., Hoijtink, H. & Gu, X. (2019) <doi:10.31219/osf.io/d5kf3>.

Fits simultaneous regression models to compare two sources (reference and test) and estimates relative bioefficiency. Includes simultaneous exponential model with common asymptote (model = 1), slope-ratio model (model = 2), quadratic model (model = 3), linear-response plateau model (model = 4), and Michaelis-Menten model (model = 5). Output style follows the easyreg package. Methods are based on Finney (1978, ISBN:0-85264-252-0), Mercer et al. (1978) <doi:10.1093/jn/108.8.1244>, Robbins et al. (1979) <doi:10.1093/jn/109.10.1710>, Noll et al. (1984) <doi:10.3382/ps.0632458>, Gallant and Fuller (1973) <doi:10.1080/01621459.1973.10481356>, Littell et al. (1997) <doi:10.2527/1997.75102672x>, and Burnham and Anderson (2002, ISBN:978-0-387-95364-9).

This package implements Bayesian Surprise methodology for data visualization, based on Correll and Heer (2017) <doi:10.1109/TVCG.2016.2598839> "Surprise! Bayesian Weighting for De-Biasing Thematic Maps". Provides tools to weight event data relative to spatio-temporal models, highlighting unexpected patterns while de-biasing against known factors like population density or sampling variation. Integrates seamlessly with sf for spatial data and ggplot2 for visualization. Supports temporal/streaming data analysis.

Easily talk to Google's BigQuery Storage API from R (<https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/storage/rpc>).

This package provides tools for sampling from the PolyaGamma distribution based on Polson, Scott, and Windle (2013) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2013.829001>. Useful for logistic regression.

Ecological alteration of degraded lands can improve their sustainability by addition of large amount of biomass to soil resulting in improved soil health. Soil biological parameters (such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling enzyme activity) are reactive to minute variations in soils [Ghosh et al. (2021) <doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106176> ]. Hence, biological activity index combining Urease, Alkaline Phosphatase, Dehydrogenase (DHA) & Beta-Glucosidase activity will assist in detecting early changes in restored land use systems [Patidar et al. (2023) <doi:10.3389/fsufs.2023.1230156>]. This package helps to calculate Biological Activity Index (BAI) based on vectors of Land Use System/treatment and control/reference Land Use System containing four values of Urease, Alkaline Phosphatase, DHA & Beta-Glucosidase. (DHA), urease (URE), fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities are measured in soil samples using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, urea, fluorescein diacetate and p-nitro phenyl-phosphate as substrates, respectively.

This package provides a Bayesian framework to estimate the Student's t-distribution's degrees of freedom is developed. Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling routines are developed as in <doi:10.3390/axioms11090462> to sample from the posterior distribution of the degrees of freedom. A random walk Metropolis algorithm is used for sampling when Jeffrey's and Gamma priors are endowed upon the degrees of freedom. In addition, the Metropolis-adjusted Langevin algorithm for sampling is used under the Jeffrey's prior specification. The Log-normal prior over the degrees of freedom is posed as a viable choice with comparable performance in simulations and real-data application, against other prior choices, where an Elliptical Slice Sampler is used to sample from the concerned posterior.

This package provides a unified framework for identification and ecological interpretation of core microbiomes across time and space, enhancing robustness and reproducibility in microbiome data analysis. BRCore implements the workflow proposed by Shade and Stopnisek (2019) and incorporates additional rarefaction steps. The proposed workflow aims to identify persistent microbiomes using abundance-occupancy distributions and neutral community model fitting. For more details on abundance-occupancy distributions see Shade A, Stopnisek N (2019) <doi:10.1016/j.mib.2019.09.008>, for neutral models, see Sloan et al. (2006) <doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00956.x> and Burns et al. (2015) <doi:10.1038/ismej.2015.142>.

From R 4.5.0, the datasets package includes the penguins and penguins_raw data sets popularised in the palmerpenguins package. basepenguins takes files that use the palmerpenguins package and converts them to work with the versions from datasets ('R >= 4.5.0). It does this by removing calls to library(palmerpenguins) and making the necessary changes to column names. Additionally, it provides helper functions to define new files paths for saving the output and a directory of example files to experiment with.

Enables quick calibration of radiocarbon dates under various calibration curves (including user generated ones); age-depth modelling as per the algorithm of Haslett and Parnell (2008) <DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00623.x>; Relative sea level rate estimation incorporating time uncertainty in polynomial regression models (Parnell and Gehrels 2015) <DOI:10.1002/9781118452547.ch32>; non-parametric phase modelling via Gaussian mixtures as a means to determine the activity of a site (and as an alternative to the Oxcal function SUM(); currently unpublished), and reverse calibration of dates from calibrated into 14C years (also unpublished).

The blocked weighted bootstrap (BBW) is an estimation technique for use with data from two-stage cluster sampled surveys in which either prior weighting (e.g. population-proportional sampling or PPS as used in Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions or SMART surveys) or posterior weighting (e.g. as used in rapid assessment method or RAM and simple spatial sampling method or S3M surveys) is implemented. See Cameron et al (2008) <doi:10.1162/rest.90.3.414> for application of bootstrap to cluster samples. See Aaron et al (2016) <doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163176> and Aaron et al (2016) <doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162462> for application of the blocked weighted bootstrap to estimate indicators from two-stage cluster sampled surveys.

This package provides a Bayesian framework for Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) modelling via Stan'. Implements the standard DEB model of Kooijman (2010, <doi:10.1017/CBO9780511805400>) as a state-space model with Hamiltonian Monte Carlo inference (Carpenter et al., 2017, <doi:10.18637/jss.v076.i01>). Includes individual-level growth models, growth-reproduction models, hierarchical multi-individual models with partial pooling, and toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models for ecotoxicology following the DEBtox framework (Jager et al., 2006, <doi:10.1007/s10646-006-0060-x>). Supports prior specification from biological knowledge, convergence diagnostics (Vehtari et al., 2021, <doi:10.1214/20-BA1221>), posterior predictive checks, derived quantity estimation, and visualisation via ggplot2'.

Run basic pattern analyses on character sets, digits, or combined input containing both characters and numeric digits. Useful for data cleaning and for identifying columns containing multiple or nonstandard formats.

Several tools for analyzing diagnostic tests and 2x2 contingency tables are provided. In particular, positive and negative predictive values for a diagnostic tests can be calculated from prevalence, sensitivity and specificity values. For contingency tables, relative risk and odds ratio measures are estimated. Furthermore, confidence intervals are provided.

Intended to facilitate acoustic analysis of (animal) sound propagation experiments, which typically aim to quantify changes in signal structure when transmitted in a given habitat by broadcasting and re-recording animal sounds at increasing distances. The package offers a workflow with functions to prepare the data set for analysis as well as to calculate and visualize several degradation metrics, including blur ratio, signal-to-noise ratio, excess attenuation and envelope correlation among others (Dabelsteen et al 1993 <doi:10.1121/1.406682>).

The goal of BayesPower is to provide tools for Bayesian sample size determination and power analysis across a range of common hypothesis testing scenarios using Bayes factors. The main function, BayesPower_BayesFactor(), launches an interactive shiny application for performing these analyses. The application also provides command-line code for reproducibility. Details of the methods are described in the tutorial by Wong, Pawel, and Tendeiro (2025) <doi:10.31234/osf.io/pgdac_v3>.

Allows local bone density estimates to be derived from CT data and mapped to 3D bone models in a reproducible manner. Processing can be performed at the individual bone or group level. Also includes tools for visualizing the bone density estimates. Example methods are described in Telfer et al., (2021) <doi:10.1002/jor.24792>, Telfer et al., (2021) <doi:10.1016/j.jse.2021.05.011>.

Estimating the average causal effect based on the Bayesian Adjustment for Confounding (BAC) algorithm.

Fitting, cross-validating, and predicting with Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT) models. It is designed for analyzing educational datasets to trace student knowledge over time. The package includes functions for fitting BKT models, evaluating their performance using various metrics, and making predictions on new data. It provides the similar functionality as the Python package pyBKT authored by Zachary A. Pardos (zp@berkeley.edu) at <https://github.com/CAHLR/pyBKT>.

Computation of key characteristics and plots for blinded sample size recalculation. Continuous as well as binary endpoints are supported in superiority and non-inferiority trials. See Baumann, Pilz, Kieser (2022) <doi:10.32614/RJ-2022-001> for a detailed description. The implemented methods include the approaches by Lu, K. (2016) <doi:10.1002/pst.1737>, Kieser, M. and Friede, T. (2000) <doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(20000415)19:7%3C901::AID-SIM405%3E3.0.CO;2-L>, Friede, T. and Kieser, M. (2004) <doi:10.1002/pst.140>, Friede, T., Mitchell, C., Mueller-Veltern, G. (2007) <doi:10.1002/bimj.200610373>, and Friede, T. and Kieser, M. (2011) <doi:10.3414/ME09-01-0063>.

Fits a discharge rating curve based on the power-law and the generalized power-law from data on paired stage and discharge measurements in a given river using a Bayesian hierarchical model as described in Hrafnkelsson et al. (2022) <doi:10.1002/env.2711>.

MDS is a statistic tool for reduction of dimensionality, using as input a distance matrix of dimensions n à n. When n is large, classical algorithms suffer from computational problems and MDS configuration can not be obtained. With this package, we address these problems by means of six algorithms, being two of them original proposals: - Landmark MDS proposed by De Silva V. and JB. Tenenbaum (2004). - Interpolation MDS proposed by Delicado P. and C. Pachón-Garcà a (2021) <arXiv:2007.11919> (original proposal). - Reduced MDS proposed by Paradis E (2018). - Pivot MDS proposed by Brandes U. and C. Pich (2007) - Divide-and-conquer MDS proposed by Delicado P. and C. Pachón-Garcà a (2021) <arXiv:2007.11919> (original proposal). - Fast MDS, proposed by Yang, T., J. Liu, L. McMillan and W. Wang (2006).

Facilitates some of the analyses performed in studies of behavioral economic discounting. The package supports scoring of the 27-Item Monetary Choice Questionnaire (see Kaplan et al., 2016; <doi:10.1007/s40614-016-0070-9>), calculating k values (Mazur's simple hyperbolic and exponential) using nonlinear regression, calculating various Area Under the Curve (AUC) measures, plotting regression curves for both fit-to-group and two-stage approaches, checking for unsystematic discounting (Johnson & Bickel, 2008; <doi:10.1037/1064-1297.16.3.264>) and scoring of the minute discounting task (see Koffarnus & Bickel, 2014; <doi:10.1037/a0035973>) using the Qualtrics 5-trial discounting template (see the Qualtrics Minute Discounting User Guide; <doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.26495.79527>), which is also available as a .qsf file in this package.

The Biomarker Optimal Segmentation System R package, bossR', is designed for precision medicine, helping to identify individual traits using biomarkers. It focuses on determining the most effective cutoff value for a continuous biomarker, which is crucial for categorizing patients into two groups with distinctly different clinical outcomes. The package simultaneously finds the optimal cutoff from given candidate values and tests its significance. Simulation studies demonstrate that bossR offers statistical power and false positive control non-inferior to the permutation approach (considered the gold standard in this field), while being hundreds of times faster.