Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are a formal foundation for making probabilistic models of linear sequence. They provide a conceptual toolkit for building complex models just by drawing an intuitive picture. They are at the heart of a diverse range of programs, including genefinding, profile searches, multiple sequence alignment and regulatory site identification. HMMs are the Legos of computational sequence analysis. In graph theory, a tree is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by exactly one path, or equivalently a connected acyclic undirected graph. Tree represents the nodes connected by edges. It is a non-linear data structure. A poly-tree is simply a directed acyclic graph whose underlying undirected graph is a tree. The model proposed in this package is the same as an HMM but where the states are linked via a polytree structure rather than a simple path.

This package provides a set of utilities for calculating the Deficit (frailty) Index (DI) in gerontological studies. The deficit index was first proposed by Arnold Mitnitski and Kenneth Rockwood and represents a proxy measure of aging and also can be served as a sensitive predictor of survival. For more information, see (i)"Accumulation of Deficits as a Proxy Measure of Aging" by Arnold B. Mitnitski et al. (2001), The Scientific World Journal 1, <DOI:10.1100/tsw.2001.58>; (ii) "Frailty, fitness and late-life mortality in relation to chronological and biological age" by Arnold B Mitnitski et al. (2001), BMC Geriatrics2002 2(1), <DOI:10.1186/1471-2318-2-1>.

This package provides functions are provided to fit temporal lag models to dynamic networks. The models are build on top of exponential random graph models (ERGM) framework. There are functions for simulating or forecasting networks for future time points. Abhirup Mallik & Zack W. Almquist (2019) Stable Multiple Time Step Simulation/Prediction From Lagged Dynamic Network Regression Models, Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 28:4, 967-979, <DOI: 10.1080/10618600.2019.1594834>.

This package provides a convenient framework to simulate, test, power, and visualize data for differential expression studies with lognormal or negative binomial outcomes. Supported designs are two-sample comparisons of independent or dependent outcomes. Power may be summarized in the context of controlling the per-family error rate or family-wise error rate. Negative binomial methods are described in Yu, Fernandez, and Brock (2017) <doi:10.1186/s12859-017-1648-2> and Yu, Fernandez, and Brock (2020) <doi:10.1186/s12859-020-3541-7>.

This package implements S4 classes for probability models based on packages distr and distrEx'.

This package provides the dose transition pathways (DTP) to project in advance the doses recommended by a model-based design for subsequent patients (stay, escalate, deescalate or stop early) using all the accumulated toxicity information; See Yap et al (2017) <doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0582>. DTP can be used as a design and an operational tool and can be displayed as a table or flow diagram. The dtpcrm package also provides the modified continual reassessment method (CRM) and time-to-event CRM (TITE-CRM) with added practical considerations to allow stopping early when there is sufficient evidence that the lowest dose is too toxic and/or there is a sufficient number of patients dosed at the maximum tolerated dose.

Automated data exploration process for analytic tasks and predictive modeling, so that users could focus on understanding data and extracting insights. The package scans and analyzes each variable, and visualizes them with typical graphical techniques. Common data processing methods are also available to treat and format data.

Leverages dplyr to process the calculations of a plot inside a database. This package provides helper functions that abstract the work at three levels: outputs a ggplot', outputs the calculations, outputs the formula needed to calculate bins.

Function to test spatial segregation and association based in contingency table analysis of nearest neighbour counts following Dixon (2002) <doi:10.1080/11956860.2002.11682700>. Some Fortran code has been included to the original dixon2002() function of the ecespa package to improve speed.

Estimate population kin counts and its distribution by type, age and sex. The package implements one-sex and two-sex framework for studying living-death availability, with time varying rates or not, and multi-stage model.

The Dirichlet Laplace shrinkage prior in Bayesian linear regression and variable selection, featuring: utility functions in implementing Dirichlet-Laplace priors such as visualization; scalability in Bayesian linear regression; penalized credible regions for variable selection.

It provides the subset operator for dist objects and a function to compute medoid(s) that are fully parallelized leveraging the RcppParallel package. It also provides functions for package developers to easily implement their own parallelized dist() function using a custom C++'-based distance function.

Allows users to quickly and easily describe data using common descriptive statistics.

Metabarcoding analysis using the DBTC package is implemented here using shiny in an interactive graphical user interface to conduct Metabarcode analyses and visualize and filter results.

Similarity of dissolution profiles is assessed using the similarity factor f2 according to the EMA guideline (European Medicines Agency 2010) "On the investigation of bioequivalence". Dissolution profiles are regarded as similar if the f2 value is between 50 and 100. For the applicability of the similarity factor f2, the variability between profiles needs to be within certain limits. Often, this constraint is violated. One possibility in this situation is to resample the measured profiles in order to obtain a bootstrap estimate of f2 (Shah et al. (1998) <doi:10.1023/A:1011976615750>). Other alternatives are the model-independent non-parametric multivariate confidence region (MCR) procedure (Tsong et al. (1996) <doi:10.1177/009286159603000427>) or the T2-test for equivalence procedure (Hoffelder (2016) <https://www.ecv.de/suse_item.php?suseId=Z|pi|8430>). Functions for estimation of f1, f2, bootstrap f2, MCR / T2-test for equivalence procedure are implemented.

Compares two dataframes with a common key and returns the delta records. The package will return three dataframes that contain the added, changed, and deleted records.

This package provides programmatic access to the Dark Sky API <https://darksky.net/dev/docs>, which provides current or historical global weather conditions.

This package provides a distance density clustering (DDC) algorithm in R. DDC uses dynamic time warping (DTW) to compute a similarity matrix, based on which cluster centers and cluster assignments are found. DDC inherits dynamic time warping (DTW) arguments and constraints. The cluster centers are centroid points that are calculated using the DTW Barycenter Averaging (DBA) algorithm. The clustering process is divisive. At each iteration, cluster centers are updated and data is reassigned to cluster centers. Early stopping is possible. The output includes cluster centers and clustering assignment, as described in the paper (Ma et al (2017) <doi:10.1109/ICDMW.2017.11>).

Represents the content of a directory as an interactive collapsible tree. Offers the possibility to assign a text (e.g., a Readme.txt') to each folder (represented as a clickable node), so that when the user hovers the pointer over a node, the corresponding text is displayed as a tooltip.

Summarise patient-level drug utilisation cohorts using data mapped to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common data model. New users and prevalent users cohorts can be generated and their characteristics, indication and drug use summarised.

Estimates a variety of Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) models. More in detail, the dccmidas package allows the estimation of the corrected DCC (cDCC) of Aielli (2013) <doi:10.1080/07350015.2013.771027>, the DCC-MIDAS of Colacito et al. (2011) <doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2011.02.013>, the Asymmetric DCC of Cappiello et al. <doi:10.1093/jjfinec/nbl005>, and the Dynamic Equicorrelation (DECO) of Engle and Kelly (2012) <doi:10.1080/07350015.2011.652048>. dccmidas offers the possibility of including standard GARCH <doi:10.1016/0304-4076(86)90063-1>, GARCH-MIDAS <doi:10.1162/REST_a_00300> and Double Asymmetric GARCH-MIDAS <doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2018.07.025> models in the univariate estimation. Moreover, also the scalar and diagonal BEKK <doi:10.1017/S0266466600009063> models can be estimated. Finally, the package calculates also the var-cov matrix under two non-parametric models: the Moving Covariance and the RiskMetrics specifications.

Estimates the conditional association between an exposure and an outcome given covariates. Three methods are implemented: O-estimation, where a nuisance model for the association between the covariates and the outcome is used; E-estimation where a nuisance model for the association between the covariates and the exposure is used, and doubly robust (DR) estimation where both nuisance models are used. In DR-estimation, the estimates will be consistent when at least one of the nuisance models is correctly specified, not necessarily both. For more information, see Zetterqvist and Sjölander (2015) <doi:10.1515/em-2014-0021>.

Generalised model for population dynamics of invasive Aedes mosquitoes. Rationale and model structure are described here: Da Re et al. (2021) <doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2020.101180> and Da Re et al. (2022) <doi:10.1101/2021.12.21.473628>.

Diagnostics for linear L1 regression (also known as LAD - Least Absolute Deviations), including: estimation, confidence intervals, tests of hypotheses, measures of leverage, methods of diagnostics for L1 regression, special diagnostics graphs and measures of leverage. The algorithms are based in Dielman (2005) <doi:10.1080/0094965042000223680>, Elian et al. (2000) <doi:10.1080/03610920008832518> and Dodge (1997) <doi:10.1006/jmva.1997.1666>. This package builds on the quantreg package, which is a well-established package for tuning quantile regression models. There are also tests to verify if the errors have a Laplace distribution based on the work of Puig and Stephens (2000) <doi:10.2307/1270952>.