Sixteen tools for bioinformatics processing and analysis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) data. The functions are tailored for amplicon data sets that have been filtered using the dada2 method (for more information on dada2, visit <https://benjjneb.github.io/dada2/> ), but even other types of data sets can be analyzed. The ReplMatch() function matches replicates in data sets in order to evaluate genotyping success. The GetReplTable() and GetReplStats() functions perform such an evaluation. The CreateFas() function creates a fasta file with all the sequences in the data set. The CreateSamplesFas() function creates individual fasta files for each sample in the data set. The DistCalc() function calculates Grantham, Sandberg, or p-distances from pairwise comparisons of all sequences in a data set, and mean distances of all pairwise comparisons within each sample in a data set. The function additionally outputs five tables with physico-chemical z-descriptor values (based on Sandberg et al. 1998) for each amino acid position in all sequences in the data set. These tables may be useful for further downstream analyses, such as estimation of MHC supertypes. The BootKmeans() function is a wrapper for the kmeans() function of the stats package, which allows for bootstrapping. Bootstrapping k-estimates may be desirable in data sets, where e.g. BIC- vs. k-values do not produce clear inflection points ("elbows"). BootKmeans() performs multiple runs of kmeans() and estimates optimal k-values based on a user-defined threshold of BIC reduction. The method is an automated and bootstrapped version of visually inspecting elbow plots of BIC- vs. k-values. The ClusterMatch() function is a tool for evaluating whether different k-means() clustering models identify similar clusters, and summarize bootstrap model stats as means for different estimated values of k. It is designed to take files produced by the BootKmeans() function as input, but other data can be analyzed if the descriptions of the required data formats are observed carefully. The SynDist() function analyses of synonymous variation among aligned protein-coding DNA sequences, that is, nucleotide substitutions that do not translate to changes in the amino acid sequences due to degeneracy of the genetic code. The SynDist() function calculates synonymous nucleotide changes per base and per codon in pairwise sequence comparisons, as well as mean synonymous variation among all pairwise comparisons of the sequences within each sample in a data set. The PapaDiv() function compares parent pairs in the data set and calculate their joint MHC diversity, taking into account sequence variants that occur in both parents. The HpltFind() function infers putative haplotypes from families in the data set. The GetHpltTable() and GetHpltStats() functions evaluate the accuracy of the haplotype inference. The CreateHpltOccTable() function creates a binary (logical) haplotype-sequence occurrence matrix from the output of HpltFind(), for easy overview of which sequences are present in which haplotypes. The HpltMatch() function compares haplotypes to help identify overlapping and potentially identical types. The NestTablesXL() function translates the output from HpltFind() to an Excel workbook, that provides a convenient overview for evaluation and curating of the inferred putative haplotypes.

This package provides tools to create a layout for figures made of multiple panels, and to fill the panels with base, lattice', ggplot2 and ComplexHeatmap plots, grobs, as well as content from all image formats supported by ImageMagick (accessed through magick').

Read, process, and analyse data from muscle near-infrared spectroscopy (mNIRS) devices. Import raw data from .csv or .xls(x) files and return time-series data and metadata. Includes standardised methods for cleaning, filtering, and pre-processing mNIRS data for subsequent analysis. Also includes a custom plot theme and colour palette. Intended for mNIRS researchers and practitioners in exercise physiology, sports science, and clinical rehabilitation with minimal coding experience required.

Estimates multivariate subgaussian stable densities and probabilities as well as generates random variates using product distribution theory. A function for estimating the parameters from data to fit a distribution to data is also provided, using the method from Nolan (2013) <doi:10.1007/s00180-013-0396-7>.

Facilitates performing matching adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) analysis where the endpoint of interest is either time-to-event (e.g. overall survival) or binary (e.g. objective tumor response). The method is described by Signorovitch et al (2012) <doi:10.1016/j.jval.2012.05.004>.

This package provides a framework to perform soft clustering using simplex-structured matrix factorisation (SSMF). The package contains a set of functions for determining the optimal number of prototypes, the optimal algorithmic parameters, the estimation confidence intervals and the diversity of clusters. Abdolali, Maryam & Gillis, Nicolas (2020) <doi:10.1137/20M1354982>.

This package provides a four step change point detection method that can detect break points with the presence of missing values proposed by Liu and Safikhani (2023) <https://drive.google.com/file/d/1a8sV3RJ8VofLWikTDTQ7W4XJ76cEj4Fg/view?usp=drive_link>.

Encodes several methods for performing Mendelian randomization analyses with summarized data. Summarized data on genetic associations with the exposure and with the outcome can be obtained from large consortia. These data can be used for obtaining causal estimates using instrumental variable methods.

Predictive multivariate modelling for metabolomics. Types: Classification and regression. Methods: Partial Least Squares, Random Forest ans Elastic Net Data structures: Paired and unpaired Validation: repeated double cross-validation (Westerhuis et al. (2008)<doi:10.1007/s11306-007-0099-6>, Filzmoser et al. (2009)<doi:10.1002/cem.1225>) Variable selection: Performed internally, through tuning in the inner cross-validation loop.

Calculate a multivariate functional principal component analysis for data observed on different dimensional domains. The estimation algorithm relies on univariate basis expansions for each element of the multivariate functional data (Happ & Greven, 2018) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2016.1273115>. Multivariate and univariate functional data objects are represented by S4 classes for this type of data implemented in the package funData'. For more details on the general concepts of both packages and a case study, see Happ-Kurz (2020) <doi:10.18637/jss.v093.i05>.

Various utilities to manipulate multivariate polynomials. The package is almost completely superceded by the spray and mvp packages, which are much more efficient.

Create minimal, responsive, and style-agnostic HTML documents with the lightweight CSS frameworks such as sakura', Water.css', and spcss'. Powerful features include table of contents floating as a sidebar, folding codes and results, and more.

Multivariate Time Series (MTS) is a general package for analyzing multivariate linear time series and estimating multivariate volatility models. It also handles factor models, constrained factor models, asymptotic principal component analysis commonly used in finance and econometrics, and principal volatility component analysis. (a) For the multivariate linear time series analysis, the package performs model specification, estimation, model checking, and prediction for many widely used models, including vector AR models, vector MA models, vector ARMA models, seasonal vector ARMA models, VAR models with exogenous variables, multivariate regression models with time series errors, augmented VAR models, and Error-correction VAR models for co-integrated time series. For model specification, the package performs structural specification to overcome the difficulties of identifiability of VARMA models. The methods used for structural specification include Kronecker indices and Scalar Component Models. (b) For multivariate volatility modeling, the MTS package handles several commonly used models, including multivariate exponentially weighted moving-average volatility, Cholesky decomposition volatility models, dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) models, copula-based volatility models, and low-dimensional BEKK models. The package also considers multiple tests for conditional heteroscedasticity, including rank-based statistics. (c) Finally, the MTS package also performs forecasting using diffusion index , transfer function analysis, Bayesian estimation of VAR models, and multivariate time series analysis with missing values.Users can also use the package to simulate VARMA models, to compute impulse response functions of a fitted VARMA model, and to calculate theoretical cross-covariance matrices of a given VARMA model.

The Moving Epidemic Method, created by T Vega and JE Lozano (2012, 2015) <doi:10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00422.x>, <doi:10.1111/irv.12330>, allows the weekly assessment of the epidemic and intensity status to help in routine respiratory infections surveillance in health systems. Allows the comparison of different epidemic indicators, timing and shape with past epidemics and across different regions or countries with different surveillance systems. Also, it gives a measure of the performance of the method in terms of sensitivity and specificity of the alert week.

Generalized Egger tests for detecting publication bias in meta-analysis for diagnostic accuracy test (Noma (2020) <doi:10.1111/biom.13343>, Noma (2022) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2209.07270>). These publication bias tests are generally more powerful compared with the conventional univariate publication bias tests and can incorporate correlation information between the outcome variables.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) is the premier technology for profiling genome-wide localization of chromatin-binding proteins, including transcription factors and histones with various modifications. This package provides a robust method for normalizing ChIP-seq signals across individual samples or groups of samples. It also designs a self-contained system of statistical models for calling differential ChIP-seq signals between two or more biological conditions as well as for calling hypervariable ChIP-seq signals across samples. Refer to Tu et al. (2021) <doi:10.1101/gr.262675.120> and Chen et al. (2022) <doi:10.1186/s13059-022-02627-9> for associated statistical details.

Multivariable Fractional Polynomial algorithm for model-building. Fractional polynomials are used to represent curvature in regression models. A key reference is Royston and Altman, 1994.

This package provides a toolkit for identifying potential mortalities and expelled tags in aquatic acoustic telemetry arrays. Designed for arrays with non-overlapping receivers.

Quickly make tables of descriptive statistics (i.e., counts, means, confidence intervals) for continuous variables. This package is designed to work in a Tidyverse pipeline, and consideration has been given to get results from R to Microsoft Word ® with minimal pain.

Collect your data on digital marketing campaigns from Mailchimp using the Windsor.ai API <https://windsor.ai/api-fields/>.

Framework to facilitate patient subtyping with similarity network fusion and meta clustering. The similarity network fusion (SNF) algorithm was introduced by Wang et al. (2014) in <doi:10.1038/nmeth.2810>. SNF is a data integration approach that can transform high-dimensional and diverse data types into a single similarity network suitable for clustering with minimal loss of information from each initial data source. The meta clustering approach was introduced by Caruana et al. (2006) in <doi:10.1109/ICDM.2006.103>. Meta clustering involves generating a wide range of cluster solutions by adjusting clustering hyperparameters, then clustering the solutions themselves into a manageable number of qualitatively similar solutions, and finally characterizing representative solutions to find ones that are best for the user's specific context. This package provides a framework to easily transform multi-modal data into a wide range of similarity network fusion-derived cluster solutions as well as to visualize, characterize, and validate those solutions. Core package functionality includes easy customization of distance metrics, clustering algorithms, and SNF hyperparameters to generate diverse clustering solutions; calculation and plotting of associations between features, between patients, and between cluster solutions; and standard cluster validation approaches including resampled measures of cluster stability, standard metrics of cluster quality, and label propagation to evaluate generalizability in unseen data. Associated vignettes guide the user through using the package to identify patient subtypes while adhering to best practices for unsupervised learning.

This package implements an MCMC sampler for the posterior distribution of arbitrary time-homogeneous multivariate stochastic differential equation (SDE) models with possibly latent components. The package provides a simple entry point to integrate user-defined models directly with the sampler's C++ code, and parallelizes large portions of the calculations when compiled with OpenMP'.

An implementation of popular screening methods that are commonly employed in ultra-high and high dimensional data. Through this publicly available package, we provide a unified framework to carry out model-free screening procedures including SIS (Fan and Lv (2008) <doi:10.1111/j.1467-9868.2008.00674.x>), SIRS (Zhu et al. (2011)<doi:10.1198/jasa.2011.tm10563>), DC-SIS (Li et al. (2012) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2012.695654>), MDC-SIS (Shao and Zhang (2014) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2014.887012>), Bcor-SIS (Pan et al. (2019) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2018.1462709>), PC-Screen (Liu et al. (2020) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2020.1783274>), WLS (Zhong et al.(2021) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2021.1918554>), Kfilter (Mai and Zou (2015) <doi:10.1214/14-AOS1303>), MVSIS (Cui et al. (2015) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2014.920256>), PSIS (Pan et al. (2016) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2014.998760>), CAS (Xie et al. (2020) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2019.1573734>), CI-SIS (Cheng and Wang. (2023) <doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107269>) and CSIS (Cheng et al. (2023) <doi:10.1007/s00180-023-01399-5>).

Mobile Motor Activity Research Consortium for Health (mMARCH) is a collaborative network of studies of clinical and community samples that employ common clinical, biological, and digital mobile measures across involved studies. One of the main scientific goals of mMARCH sites is developing a better understanding of the inter-relationships between accelerometry-measured physical activity (PA), sleep (SL), and circadian rhythmicity (CR) and mental and physical health in children, adolescents, and adults. Currently, there is no consensus on a standard procedure for a data processing pipeline of raw accelerometry data, and few open-source tools to facilitate their development. The R package GGIR is the most prominent open-source software package that offers great functionality and tremendous user flexibility to process raw accelerometry data. However, even with GGIR', processing done in a harmonized and reproducible fashion requires a non-trivial amount of expertise combined with a careful implementation. In addition, novel accelerometry-derived features of PA/SL/CR capturing multiscale, time-series, functional, distributional and other complimentary aspects of accelerometry data being constantly proposed and become available via non-GGIR R implementations. To address these issues, mMARCH developed a streamlined harmonized and reproducible pipeline for loading and cleaning raw accelerometry data, extracting features available through GGIR as well as through non-GGIR R packages, implementing several data and feature quality checks, merging all features of PA/SL/CR together, and performing multiple analyses including Joint Individual Variation Explained (JIVE), an unsupervised machine learning dimension reduction technique that identifies latent factors capturing joint across and individual to each of three domains of PA/SL/CR. In detail, the pipeline generates all necessary R/Rmd/shell files for data processing after running GGIR for accelerometer data. In module 1, all csv files in the GGIR output directory were read, transformed and then merged. In module 2, the GGIR output files were checked and summarized in one excel sheet. In module 3, the merged data was cleaned according to the number of valid hours on each night and the number of valid days for each subject. In module 4, the cleaned activity data was imputed by the average Euclidean norm minus one (ENMO) over all the valid days for each subject. Finally, a comprehensive report of data processing was created using Rmarkdown, and the report includes few exploratory plots and multiple commonly used features extracted from minute level actigraphy data. Reference: Guo W, Leroux A, Shou S, Cui L, Kang S, Strippoli MP, Preisig M, Zipunnikov V, Merikangas K (2022) Processing of accelerometry data with GGIR in Motor Activity Research Consortium for Health (mMARCH) Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour, 6(1): 37-44.