Three methods for Individual Tree Crowns (ITCs) delineation on remote sensing data: one is based on LiDAR data in x,y,z format and one on imagery data in raster format.

Improve optical character recognition by binarizing images. The package focuses primarily on local adaptive thresholding algorithms. In English, this means that it has the ability to turn a color or gray scale image into a black and white image. This is particularly useful as a preprocessing step for optical character recognition or handwritten text recognition.

This package implements the adaptive influence-based borrowing framework proposed by Qinwei Yang, Jingyi Li, Peng Wu, and Shu Yang (2026+) in the paper ``Improving Treatment Effect Estimation in Trials through Adaptive Borrowing of External Controls" <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2604.13973> for augmenting Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) with External Control (EC) data. This package provides a comprehensive workflow to: (1) quantify the comparability of external control samples using influence scores approximated via the influence function of the M-estimator; (2) construct candidate borrowing subsets and select the optimal subset that minimizes the Mean Squared Error (MSE); and (3) calibrate systematic differences in external outcomes using R-learner methods implemented via Ordinary Least Squares or Kernel Ridge Regression.

Nicely formatted frequency tables and contingency tables (1-way, 2-way, 3-way and 4-way tables), that can easily be exported to HTML or Office documents. Designed to work with pipes.

Interaction and analysis of multiple response data, along with other tools for analysing these types of data including missing value analysis and calculation of standard errors for a range of covariance matrix results (proportions, multinomial, independent samples, and multiple response).

Sample states from the Ising model and compute the probability of states. Sampling can be done for any number of nodes, but due to the intractibility of the Ising model the distribution can only be computed up to ~10 nodes.

This package provides a dataframe validation framework for package builders who use dataframes as function parameters. It performs checks on column names, coerces data-types, and checks grouping to make sure user inputs conform to a specification provided by the package author. It provides a mechanism for package authors to automatically document supported dataframe inputs and selectively dispatch to functions depending on the format of a dataframe much like S3 does for classes. It also contains some developer tools to make working with and documenting dataframe specifications easier. It helps package developers to improve their documentation and simplifies parameter validation where dataframes are used as function parameters.

This package provides six modules for tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis based on multi-omics data. These modules cover data preprocessing, TME estimation, TME infiltrating patterns, cellular interactions, genome and TME interaction, and visualization for TME relevant features, as well as modelling based on key features. It integrates multiple microenvironmental analysis algorithms and signature estimation methods, simplifying the analysis and downstream visualization of the TME. In addition to providing a quick and easy way to construct gene signatures from single-cell RNA-seq data, it also provides a way to construct a reference matrix for TME deconvolution from single-cell RNA-seq data. The analysis pipeline and feature visualization are user-friendly and provide a comprehensive description of the complex TME, offering insights into tumour-immune interactions (Zeng D, et al. (2024) <doi:10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100910>. Fang Y, et al. (2025) <doi:10.1002/mdr2.70001>).

Genome-wide gene insertion and deletion rates can be modelled in a maximum likelihood framework with the additional flexibility of modelling potential missing data using the models included within. These models simultaneously estimate insertion and deletion (indel) rates of gene families and proportions of "missing" data for (multiple) taxa of interest. The likelihood framework is utilized for parameter estimation. A phylogenetic tree of the taxa and gene presence/absence patterns (with data ordered by the tips of the tree) are required. See Dang et al. (2016) <doi:10.1534/genetics.116.191973> for more details.

This package provides native R access to Interactive Brokers Trader Workstation API.

This function predicts item response probabilities and item responses using the item-focused tree model. The item-focused tree model combines logistic regression with recursive partitioning to detect Differential Item Functioning in dichotomous items. The model applies partitioning rules to the data, splitting it into homogeneous subgroups, and uses logistic regression within each subgroup to explain the data. Differential Item Functioning detection is achieved by examining potential group differences in item response patterns. This method is useful for understanding how different predictors, such as demographic or psychological factors, influence item responses across subgroups.

This package provides a set of functions to run simple and composite box-models to describe the dynamic or static distribution of stable isotopes in open or closed systems. The package also allows the sweeping of many parameters in both static and dynamic conditions. The mathematical models used in this package are derived from Albarede, 1995, Introduction to Geochemical Modelling, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge <doi:10.1017/CBO9780511622960>.

Generates Rd files from R source code with comments. The main features of the default syntax are that (1) docs are defined in comments near the relevant code, (2) function argument names are not repeated in comments, and (3) examples are defined in R code, not comments. It is also easy to define a new syntax.

This package provides tools for searching, extracting and recoding the Intergovernmental Organizations ('IGO') Database (version 3), distributed by the Correlates of War Project <https://correlatesofwar.org/>. Includes IGO'-year and country-year membership data, state system data and functions for deriving dyad-year joint membership results. For a description of the data, see Pevehouse, J. C. et al. (2020) <doi:10.1177/0022343319881175>.

Allows an interactive assessment of the timing of interim analyses. The algorithm simulates both the recruitment and treatment/event phase of a clinical trial based on the package interim'.

This package provides a library for generic interval manipulations using a new interval vector class. Capabilities include: locating various kinds of relationships between two interval vectors, merging overlaps within a single interval vector, splitting an interval vector on its overlapping endpoints, and applying set theoretical operations on interval vectors. Many of the operations in this package were inspired by James Allen's interval algebra, Allen (1983) <doi:10.1145/182.358434>.

This package provides tools for estimating incidence from biomarker data in cross- sectional surveys, and for calibrating tests for recent infection. Implements and extends the method of Kassanjee et al. (2012) <doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e3182576c07>.

This package provides a multi-layered untargeted pipeline for high-throughput LC/HRMS data processing to extract signals of organic small molecules. The package performs ion pairing, peak detection, peak table alignment, retention time correction, aligned peak table gap filling, peak annotation and visualization of extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) and total ion chromatograms (TICs). The IDSL.IPA package was introduced in <doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00120> .

Interactive dendrogram that enables the user to select and color clusters, to zoom and pan the dendrogram, and to visualize the clustered data not only in a built-in heat map, but also in GGobi interactive plots and user-supplied plots. This is a backport of Qt-based idendro (<https://github.com/tsieger/idendro>) to base R graphics and Tcl/Tk GUI.

Starting from user-supplied institutional data, these scripts transform, aggregate, and reshape the information to produce key-value pair data files that are able to be uploaded to IPEDS (Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System) through their submission portal <https://surveys.nces.ed.gov/ipeds/>. Starting data specifications can be found in the vignettes. Final files are saved locally to a location of the user's choice. User-friendly readable files can also be produced for purposes of data review and validation.

Prepare objects to implement models over spatial and spacetime domains with the INLA package (<https://www.r-inla.org>). These objects contain data to for the cgeneric interface in INLA', enabling fast parallel computations. We implemented the spatial barrier model, see Bakka et. al. (2019) <doi:10.1016/j.spasta.2019.01.002>, and some of the spatio-temporal models proposed in Lindgren et. al. (2024) <https://raco.cat/index.php/SORT/article/view/428665>. Details are provided in the available vignettes and from the URL bellow.

An implementation of the induced smoothing (IS) idea to lasso regularization models to allow estimation and inference on the model coefficients (currently hypothesis testing only). Linear, logistic, Poisson and gamma regressions with several link functions are implemented. The algorithm is described in the original paper; see <doi:10.1177/0962280219842890> and discussed in a tutorial <doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.16360.11521>.

This package provides a toolkit for detecting Differential Item Functioning (DIF) using Logistic Regression (LR) as described in Swaminathan and Rogers (1990) <doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1990.tb00754.x>, the IRT Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) following Thissen, Steinberg & Wainer (1993, ISBN:0-8058-0972-4), and model-based recursive partitioning (MOB) as implemented in strucchange following Strobl, Kopf and Zeileis (2015) <doi:10.1007/s11336-013-9388-3>. Designed for both standard two-group and intersectional multi-group designs, iDIFr prioritises effect size reporting alongside statistical significance, clear guidance on group construction, and interpretable output suitable for applied testing contexts. Built-in Intersectional Contrast Analysis (ICA) classifies items as amplified, pure-intersection, obscured, or none by comparing single-variable and intersectional analyses.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but predicting patient response remains challenging. Here, we presented Intelligent Predicting Response to cancer Immunotherapy through Systematic Modeling (iPRISM), a novel network-based model that integrates multiple data types to predict immunotherapy outcomes. It incorporates gene expression, biological functional network, tumor microenvironment characteristics, immune-related pathways, and clinical data to provide a comprehensive view of factors influencing immunotherapy efficacy. By identifying key genetic and immunological factors, it provides an insight for more personalized treatment strategies and combination therapies to overcome resistance mechanisms.