Species Distribution Modeling (SDM) is a practical methodology that aims to estimate the area of distribution of a species. However, most of the work has focused on estimating static expressions of the correlation between environmental variables. The outputs of correlative species distribution models can be interpreted as maps of the suitable environment for a species but not generally as maps of its actual distribution. Soberón and Peterson (2005) <doi:10.17161/bi.v2i0.4> presented the BAM scheme, a heuristic framework that states that the occupied area of a species occurs on sites that have been accessible through dispersal (M) and have both favorable biotic (B) and abiotic conditions (A). The bamm package implements classes and functions to operate on each element of the BAM and by using a cellular automata model where the occupied area of a species at time t is estimated by the multiplication of three binary matrices: one matrix represents movements (M), another abiotic -niche- tolerances (A), and a third, biotic interactions (B). The theoretical background of the package can be found in Soberón and Osorio-Olvera (2023) <doi:10.1111/jbi.14587>.

Bindings to the blowfish password hashing algorithm <https://www.openbsd.org/papers/bcrypt-paper.pdf> derived from the OpenBSD implementation.

Simulation of bivariate uniform data with a full range of correlations based on two beta densities and computation of the tetrachoric correlation (correlation of bivariate uniform data) from the phi coefficient (correlation of bivariate binary data) and vice versa.

Bell regression models for count data with overdispersion. The implemented models account for ordinary and zero-inflated regression models under both frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Theoretical details regarding the models implemented in the package can be found in Castellares et al. (2018) <doi:10.1016/j.apm.2017.12.014> and Lemonte et al. (2020) <doi:10.1080/02664763.2019.1636940>.

Estimates cumulative history for time-series for continuously viewed bistable perceptual rivalry displays. Computes cumulative history via a homogeneous first order differential process. I.e., it assumes exponential growth/decay of the history as a function time and perceptually dominant state, Pastukhov & Braun (2011) <doi:10.1167/11.10.12>. Supports Gamma, log normal, and normal distribution families. Provides a method to compute history directly and example of using the computation on a custom Stan code.

This package contains data and code to accompany the book P. Zuccolotto and M. Manisera (2020) Basketball Data Science. Applications with R. CRC Press. ISBN 9781138600799.

Bayesian variable selection methods for analyzing the structure of a Markov random field model for a network of binary and/or ordinal variables.

Maximum likelihood estimation, random values generation, density computation and other functions for the bivariate Poisson distribution. References include: Kawamura K. (1984). "Direct calculation of maximum likelihood estimator for the bivariate Poisson distribution". Kodai Mathematical Journal, 7(2): 211--221. <doi:10.2996/kmj/1138036908>. Kocherlakota S. and Kocherlakota K. (1992). "Bivariate discrete distributions". CRC Press. <doi:10.1201/9781315138480>. Karlis D. and Ntzoufras I. (2003). "Analysis of sports data by using bivariate Poisson models". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (The Statistician), 52(3): 381--393. <doi:10.1111/1467-9884.00366>.

Toolkit for Bayesian estimation of the dependence structure in multivariate extreme value parametric models, following Sabourin and Naveau (2014) <doi:10.1016/j.csda.2013.04.021> and Sabourin, Naveau and Fougeres (2013) <doi:10.1007/s10687-012-0163-0>.

Fits double generalized Gamma regression models from a Bayesian perspective, where both the mean and shape parameters are modeled simultaneously using flexible link functions. The methodology is based on Cepeda-Cuervo and Urdinola (2012) <doi:10.1080/03610918.2011.600500> and extended in Cepeda-Cuervo (2026), Double Generalized Linear Models: Likelihood and Bayesian Methods (ISBN: 9781041169970). The package provides parameter estimation, model fitting, and model comparison tools, including Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC).

Graphical User Interface (via the R-Commander) and utility functions (often based on the vegan package) for statistical analysis of biodiversity and ecological communities, including species accumulation curves, diversity indices, Renyi profiles, GLMs for analysis of species abundance and presence-absence, distance matrices, Mantel tests, and cluster, constrained and unconstrained ordination analysis. A book on biodiversity and community ecology analysis is available for free download from the website. In 2012, methods for (ensemble) suitability modelling and mapping were expanded in the package.

Constructs treatment and block designs for linear treatment models with crossed or nested block factors. The treatment design can be any feasible linear model and the block design can be any feasible combination of crossed or nested block factors. The block design is a sum of one or more block factors and the block design is optimized sequentially with the levels of each successive block factor optimized conditional on all previously optimized block factors. D-optimality is used throughout except for square or rectangular lattice block designs which are constructed algebraically using mutually orthogonal Latin squares. Crossed block designs with interaction effects are optimized using a weighting scheme which allows for differential weighting of first and second-order block effects. Outputs include a table showing the allocation of treatments to blocks and tables showing the achieved D-efficiency factors for each block and treatment design. Edmondson, R.N. Multi-level Block Designs for Comparative Experiments. JABES 25, 500â 522 (2020) <doi:10.1007/s13253-020-00416-0>.

This package provides tools to create binary dosage files from either VCF or GEN files, merge binary dosage files, and read binary dosage files. Binary dosage files tend to have quicker read times than VCF and GEN formats. There is a small increase in size compared to compressed VCF and GEN files.

Fit Bayesian Gaussian graphical models. The methods are separated into two Bayesian approaches for inference: hypothesis testing and estimation. There are extensions for confirmatory hypothesis testing, comparing Gaussian graphical models, and node wise predictability. These methods were recently introduced in the Gaussian graphical model literature, including Williams (2019) <doi:10.31234/osf.io/x8dpr>, Williams and Mulder (2019) <doi:10.31234/osf.io/ypxd8>, Williams, Rast, Pericchi, and Mulder (2019) <doi:10.31234/osf.io/yt386>.

Bayesian models to estimate causal effects of biological treatments on time-to-event endpoints in clinical trials with principal strata defined by the occurrence of antidrug antibodies. The methodology is based on Frangakis and Rubin (2002) <doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2002.00021.x> and Imbens and Rubin (1997) <doi:10.1214/aos/1034276631>, and here adapted to a specific time-to-event setting.

Computation of bootstrap p-values through inversion of confidence intervals, including convenience functions for regression models and tests of location.

This package provides a new class of Bayesian meta-analysis models that incorporates a model for internal and external validity bias. In this way, it is possible to combine studies of diverse quality and different types. For example, we can combine the results of randomized control trials (RCTs) with the results of observational studies (OS).

This package provides a random forest variant block forest ('BlockForest') tailored to the prediction of binary, survival and continuous outcomes using block-structured covariate data, for example, clinical covariates plus measurements of a certain omics data type or multi-omics data, that is, data for which measurements of different types of omics data and/or clinical data for each patient exist. Examples of different omics data types include gene expression measurements, mutation data and copy number variation measurements. Block forest are presented in Hornung & Wright (2019). The package includes four other random forest variants for multi-omics data: RandomBlock', BlockVarSel', VarProb', and SplitWeights'. These were also considered in Hornung & Wright (2019), but performed worse than block forest in their comparison study based on 20 real multi-omics data sets. Therefore, we recommend to use block forest ('BlockForest') in applications. The other random forest variants can, however, be consulted for academic purposes, for example, in the context of further methodological developments. Reference: Hornung, R. & Wright, M. N. (2019) Block Forests: random forests for blocks of clinical and omics covariate data. BMC Bioinformatics 20:358. <doi:10.1186/s12859-019-2942-y>.

This package provides classes for storing and manipulating arbitrary-precision integer vectors and high-precision floating-point vectors. These extend the range and precision of the integer and double data types found in R. This package utilizes the Boost.Multiprecision C++ library. It is specifically designed to work well with the tidyverse collection of R packages.

Generate urls and hyperlinks to commonly used biological databases and resources based on standard identifiers. This is primarily useful when writing dynamic reports that reference things like gene symbols in text or tables, allowing you to, for example, convert gene identifiers to hyperlinks pointing to their entry in the NCBI Gene database. Currently supports NCBI Gene, PubMed', Gene Ontology, KEGG', CRAN and Bioconductor.

Implementation of the Generalized Pairwise Comparisons (GPC) as defined in Buyse (2010) <doi:10.1002/sim.3923> for complete observations, and extended in Peron (2018) <doi:10.1177/0962280216658320> to deal with right-censoring. GPC compare two groups of observations (intervention vs. control group) regarding several prioritized endpoints to estimate the probability that a random observation drawn from one group performs better/worse/equivalently than a random observation drawn from the other group. Summary statistics such as the net treatment benefit, win ratio, or win odds are then deduced from these probabilities. Confidence intervals and p-values are obtained based on asymptotic results (Ozenne 2021 <doi:10.1177/09622802211037067>), non-parametric bootstrap, or permutations. The software enables the use of thresholds of minimal importance difference, stratification, non-prioritized endpoints (O Brien test), and can handle right-censoring and competing-risks.

Creating spatially or environmentally separated folds for cross-validation to provide a robust error estimation in spatially structured environments; Investigating and visualising the effective range of spatial autocorrelation in continuous raster covariates and point samples to find an initial realistic distance band to separate training and testing datasets spatially described in Valavi, R. et al. (2019) <doi:10.1111/2041-210X.13107>.

This package provides methods for probabilistic reconciliation of hierarchical forecasts of time series. The available methods include analytical Gaussian reconciliation (Corani et al., 2021) <doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67664-3_13>, MCMC reconciliation of count time series (Corani et al., 2024) <doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2023.04.003>, Bottom-Up Importance Sampling (Zambon et al., 2024) <doi:10.1007/s11222-023-10343-y>, methods for the reconciliation of mixed hierarchies (Mix-Cond and TD-cond) (Zambon et al., 2024) <https://proceedings.mlr.press/v244/zambon24a.html>, analytical reconciliation with Bayesian treatment of the covariance matrix (Carrara et al., 2025) <doi: 10.48550/arXiv.2506.19554>.

Best subset glm using information criteria or cross-validation, carried by using leaps algorithm (Furnival and Wilson, 1974) <doi:10.2307/1267601> or complete enumeration (Morgan and Tatar, 1972) <doi:10.1080/00401706.1972.10488918>. Implements PCR and PLS using AIC/BIC. Implements one-standard deviation rule for use with the caret package.