Collapse, partition, combine, fill gaps in and expand date/time ranges.

This package provides a collection of data structures and methods for handling volumetric brain imaging data, with a focus on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Provides efficient representations for three-dimensional and four-dimensional neuroimaging data through sparse and dense array implementations, memory-mapped file access for large datasets, and spatial transformation capabilities. Implements methods for image resampling, spatial filtering, region of interest analysis, and connected component labeling. General introduction to fMRI analysis can be found in Poldrack et al. (2024, "Handbook of functional MRI data analysis", <ISBN:9781108795760>).

An application for the empirical extrapolation of time features selecting and summarizing the most relevant patterns in time sequences.

This package provides the Arctic Ice Studio's Nord and Group of Seven inspired colour palettes for use with ggplot2 via custom functions.

In many binary classification applications, such as disease diagnosis and spam detection, practitioners commonly face the need to limit type I error (i.e., the conditional probability of misclassifying a class 0 observation as class 1) so that it remains below a desired threshold. To address this need, the Neyman-Pearson (NP) classification paradigm is a natural choice; it minimizes type II error (i.e., the conditional probability of misclassifying a class 1 observation as class 0) while enforcing an upper bound, alpha, on the type I error. Although the NP paradigm has a century-long history in hypothesis testing, it has not been well recognized and implemented in classification schemes. Common practices that directly limit the empirical type I error to no more than alpha do not satisfy the type I error control objective because the resulting classifiers are still likely to have type I errors much larger than alpha. As a result, the NP paradigm has not been properly implemented for many classification scenarios in practice. In this work, we develop the first umbrella algorithm that implements the NP paradigm for all scoring-type classification methods, including popular methods such as logistic regression, support vector machines and random forests. Powered by this umbrella algorithm, we propose a novel graphical tool for NP classification methods: NP receiver operating characteristic (NP-ROC) bands, motivated by the popular receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. NP-ROC bands will help choose in a data adaptive way and compare different NP classifiers.

Non-linear shrinkage estimation of population eigenvalues and covariance matrices, based on publications by Ledoit and Wolf (2004, 2015, 2016).

Downloading and organizing plant presence and percent cover data from the National Ecological Observatory Network <https://www.neonscience.org>.

Neural Additive Model framework based on Generalized Additive Models from Hastie & Tibshirani (1990, ISBN:9780412343902), which trains a different neural network to estimate the contribution of each feature to the response variable. The networks are trained independently leveraging the local scoring and backfitting algorithms to ensure that the Generalized Additive Model converges and it is additive. The resultant Neural Network is a highly accurate and interpretable deep learning model, which can be used for high-risk AI practices where decision-making should be based on accountable and interpretable algorithms.

Fits and analyzes linear latent non-Gaussian models for temporal, spatial, and space-time data. The package provides model components for autoregressive and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, random walks, Matern fields based on stochastic partial differential equations, separable and non-separable space-time models, graph-based Matern models, bivariate type-G fields, and user-defined sparse operators. Latent fields and observation models can use Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise distributions, including normal inverse Gaussian, generalized asymmetric Laplace, and skew-t distributions. Functions are included for simulation, likelihood-based estimation, prediction, cross-validation, convergence diagnostics, stochastic gradient optimization, batch-means confidence intervals, and posterior-like sampling. The modeling framework is described in Bolin, Jin, Simas and Wallin (2026) "A Unified and Computationally Efficient Non-Gaussian Statistical Modeling Framework" <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2602.23987>.

Posterior sampling in several commonly used distributions using normalized power prior as described in Duan, Ye and Smith (2006) <doi:10.1002/env.752> and Ibrahim et.al. (2015) <doi:10.1002/sim.6728>. Sampling of the power parameter is achieved via either independence Metropolis-Hastings or random walk Metropolis-Hastings based on transformation.

Miscellaneous R functions developed as collateral damage over the course of work in statistical and scientific computing for research. These include, for example, utilities that supplement existing idiosyncrasies of the R language, extend existing plotting functionality and aesthetics, help prepare data objects for imputation, and extend access to command line tools and systems-level information.

This package provides a collection of tools that allow users to perform critical steps in the process of assessing ecological niche evolution over phylogenies, with uncertainty incorporated explicitly in reconstructions. The method proposed here for ancestral reconstruction of ecological niches characterizes species niches using a bin-based approach that incorporates uncertainty in estimations. Compared to other existing methods, the approaches presented here reduce risk of overestimation of amounts and rates of ecological niche evolution. The main analyses include: initial exploration of environmental data in occurrence records and accessible areas, preparation of data for phylogenetic analyses, executing comparative phylogenetic analyses of ecological niches, and plotting for interpretations. Details on the theoretical background and methods used can be found in: Owens et al. (2020) <doi:10.1002/ece3.6359>, Peterson et al. (1999) <doi:10.1126/science.285.5431.1265>, Soberón and Peterson (2005) <doi:10.17161/bi.v2i0.4>, Peterson (2011) <doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02456.x>, Barve et al. (2011) <doi:10.1111/ecog.02671>, Machado-Stredel et al. (2021) <doi:10.21425/F5FBG48814>, Owens et al. (2013) <doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.04.011>, Saupe et al. (2018) <doi:10.1093/sysbio/syx084>, and Cobos et al. (2021) <doi:10.1111/jav.02868>.

This package provides satellite tracking data from nomadic pectoral sandpipers published in Kempenaers and Valcu (2017) <doi:10.1038/nature20813>. The data can also serve as benchmark data for clustering movement tracks.

The noweb system for source code, implemented in R.

Various visual and numerical diagnosis methods for the nonlinear mixed effect model, including visual predictive checks, numerical predictive checks, and coverage plots (Karlsson and Holford, 2008, <https://www.page-meeting.org/?abstract=1434>).

Estimate, compare, and analyze dynamic and psychological networks using a unified interface. Provides transition network analysis estimation (transition, frequency, co-occurrence, attention-weighted) Saqr et al. (2025) <doi:10.1145/3706468.3706513>, psychological network methods (correlation, partial correlation, graphical lasso', Ising') Saqr, Beck, and Lopez-Pernas (2024) <doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54464-4_19>, and higher-order network methods including higher-order networks, higher-order network embedding, hyper-path anomaly, and multi-order generative model. Supports bootstrap inference, permutation testing, split-half reliability, centrality stability analysis, mixed Markov models, multi-cluster multi-layer networks and clustering.

This package provides gradient-based MCMC sampling algorithms for use with the MCMC engine provided by the nimble package. This includes two versions of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) No-U-Turn (NUTS) sampling, and (under development) Langevin samplers. The `NUTS_classic` sampler implements the original HMC-NUTS algorithm as described in Hoffman and Gelman (2014) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.1111.4246>. The `NUTS` sampler is a modern version of HMC-NUTS sampling matching the HMC sampler available in version 2.32.2 of Stan (Stan Development Team, 2023). In addition, convenience functions are provided for generating and modifying MCMC configuration objects which employ HMC sampling. Functionality of the nimbleHMC package is described further in Turek, et al (2024) <doi: 10.21105/joss.06745>.

This package provides a small package designed for interpreting continuous and categorical latent variables. You provide a data set with a latent variable you want to understand and some other explanatory variables. It provides a description of the latent variable based on the explanatory variables. It also provides a name to the latent variable.

Interface to the Nomis database (<https://www.nomisweb.co.uk>), maintained by Durham University on behalf of the Office for National Statistics (ONS). Provides access to UK labour market statistics including census data, benefit claimant counts, and employment surveys. Supports automatic pagination, optional disk caching, spatial data via sf', and tidy data output. Independent implementation unaffiliated with ONS or Durham University.

Fit and compare nonlinear mixed-effects models in differential equations with flexible dosing information commonly seen in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (Almquist, Leander, and Jirstrand 2015 <doi:10.1007/s10928-015-9409-1>). Differential equation solving is by compiled C code provided in the rxode2 package (Wang, Hallow, and James 2015 <doi:10.1002/psp4.12052>). This package is for ggplot2 plotting methods for nlmixr2 objects.

Fits sphere-sphere regression models by estimating locally weighted rotations. Simulation of sphere-sphere data according to non-rigid rotation models. Provides methods for bias reduction applying iterative procedures within a Newton-Raphson learning scheme. Cross-validation is exploited to select smoothing parameters. See Marco Di Marzio, Agnese Panzera & Charles C. Taylor (2018) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2017.1421542>.

This package provides a set of functions providing several outlier (i.e., studies with extreme findings) and influential detection measures and methodologies in network meta-analysis : - simple outlier and influential detection measures - outlier and influential detection measures by considering study deletion (shift the mean) - plots for outlier and influential detection measures - Q-Q plot for network meta-analysis - Forward Search algorithm in network meta-analysis. - forward plots to monitor statistics in each step of the forward search algorithm - forward plots for summary estimates and their confidence intervals in each step of forward search algorithm.

Statistical entropy analysis of network data as introduced by Frank and Shafie (2016) <doi:10.1177/0759106315615511>, and a in textbook which is in progress.

Nonparametric test of independence between a pair of spatial objects (random fields, point processes) based on random shifts with torus or variance correction. See MrkviÄ ka et al. (2021) <doi:10.1016/j.spasta.2020.100430>, DvoŠák et al. (2022) <doi:10.1111/insr.12503>, DvoŠák and MrkviÄ ka (2024) <doi:10.1080/10618600.2024.2357626>.