Several person-fit statistics (PFSs; Meijer and Sijtsma, 2001, <doi:10.1177/01466210122031957>) are offered. These statistics allow assessing whether individual response patterns to tests or questionnaires are (im)plausible given the other respondents in the sample or given a specified item response theory model. Some PFSs apply to dichotomous data, such as the likelihood-based PFSs (lz, lz*) and the group-based PFSs (personal biserial correlation, caution index, (normed) number of Guttman errors, agreement/disagreement/dependability statistics, U3, ZU3, NCI, Ht). PFSs suitable to polytomous data include extensions of lz, U3, and (normed) number of Guttman errors.

This package implements a set of methodological tools that enable researchers to apply matching methods to time-series cross-sectional data. Imai, Kim, and Wang (2023) <http://web.mit.edu/insong/www/pdf/tscs.pdf> proposes a nonparametric generalization of the difference-in-differences estimator, which does not rely on the linearity assumption as often done in practice. Researchers first select a method of matching each treated observation for a given unit in a particular time period with control observations from other units in the same time period that have a similar treatment and covariate history. These methods include standard matching methods based on propensity score and Mahalanobis distance, as well as weighting methods. Once matching and refinement is done, treatment effects can be estimated with standard errors. The package also offers diagnostics for researchers to assess the quality of their results.

This package contains functions to simulate the most commonly used SAS® procedures. Specifically, the package aims to simulate the functionality of proc freq', proc means', proc ttest', proc reg', proc transpose', proc sort', and proc print'. The simulation will include recreating all statistics with the highest fidelity possible.

This package provides a set of functions useful when evaluating the results of presence-absence models. Package includes functions for calculating threshold dependent measures such as confusion matrices, pcc, sensitivity, specificity, and Kappa, and produces plots of each measure as the threshold is varied. It will calculate optimal threshold choice according to a choice of optimization criteria. It also includes functions to plot the threshold independent ROC curves along with the associated AUC (area under the curve).

It allows the user to determine sample sizes, select probabilistic samples, make estimates of different parameters for the total finite population and in studio domains, using the main design drawings.

This package provides a set of functions to efficiently recognize and clean the continuous dorsal pattern of a female brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei) traced from ImageJ', an open platform for scientific image analysis (see <https://imagej.net> for more information), and extract common features such as the pattern sinuosity indices, coefficient of variation, and max-min width.

Bayesian toolbox for quantitative proteomics. In particular, this package provides functions to generate synthetic datasets, execute Bayesian differential analysis methods, and display results as, described in the associated article Marie Chion and Arthur Leroy (2023) <arXiv:2307.08975>.

Predicts the most common race of a surname and based on U.S. Census data, and the most common first named based on U.S. Social Security Administration data.

This package provides functions to simulate point prevalence studies (PPSs) of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and to convert prevalence to incidence in steady state setups. Companion package to the preprint Willrich et al., From prevalence to incidence - a new approach in the hospital setting; <doi:10.1101/554725> , where methods are explained in detail.

Games that can be played in the R console. Includes coin flip, hangman, jumble, magic 8 ball, poker, rock paper scissors, shut the box, spelling bee, and 2048.

Calibrate p-values under a robust perspective using the methods developed by Sellke, Bayarri, and Berger (2001) <doi:10.1198/000313001300339950> and obtain measures of the evidence provided by the data in favor of point null hypotheses which are safer and more straightforward to interpret.

Optimization of conditional inference trees from the package party for classification and regression. For optimization, the model space is searched for the best tree on the full sample by means of repeated subsampling. Restrictions are allowed so that only trees are accepted which do not include pre-specified uninterpretable split results (cf. Weihs & Buschfeld, 2021a). The function PrInDT() represents the basic resampling loop for 2-class classification (cf. Weihs & Buschfeld, 2021a). The function RePrInDT() (repeated PrInDT()) allows for repeated applications of PrInDT() for different percentages of the observations of the large and the small classes (cf. Weihs & Buschfeld, 2021c). The function NesPrInDT() (nested PrInDT()) allows for an extra layer of subsampling for a specific factor variable (cf. Weihs & Buschfeld, 2021b). The functions PrInDTMulev() and PrInDTMulab() deal with multilevel and multilabel classification. In addition to these PrInDT() variants for classification, the function PrInDTreg() has been developed for regression problems. Finally, the function PostPrInDT() allows for a posterior analysis of the distribution of a specified variable in the terminal nodes of a given tree. In version 2, additionally structured sampling is implemented in functions PrInDTCstruc() and PrInDTRstruc(). In these functions, repeated measurements data can be analyzed, too. Moreover, multilabel 2-stage versions of classification and regression trees are implemented in functions C2SPrInDT() and R2SPrInDT() as well as interdependent multilabel models in functions SimCPrInDT() and SimRPrInDT(). Finally, for mixtures of classification and regression models functions Mix2SPrInDT() and SimMixPrInDT() are implemented. Most of these extensions of PrInDT are described in Buschfeld & Weihs (2025Fc). References: -- Buschfeld, S., Weihs, C. (2025Fc) "Optimizing decision trees for the analysis of World Englishes and sociolinguistic data", Cambridge Elements. -- Weihs, C., Buschfeld, S. (2021a) "Combining Prediction and Interpretation in Decision Trees (PrInDT) - a Linguistic Example" <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2103.02336>; -- Weihs, C., Buschfeld, S. (2021b) "NesPrInDT: Nested undersampling in PrInDT" <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2103.14931>; -- Weihs, C., Buschfeld, S. (2021c) "Repeated undersampling in PrInDT (RePrInDT): Variation in undersampling and prediction, and ranking of predictors in ensembles" <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2108.05129>.

This package provides tools for exploring projection pursuit classification tree using various projection pursuit indexes.

This package performs Bayesian variable selection under normal linear models for the data with the model parameters following as prior distributions either the power-expected-posterior (PEP) or the intrinsic (a special case of the former) (Fouskakis and Ntzoufras (2022) <doi: 10.1214/21-BA1288>, Fouskakis and Ntzoufras (2020) <doi: 10.3390/econometrics8020017>). The prior distribution on model space is the uniform over all models or the uniform on model dimension (a special case of the beta-binomial prior). The selection is performed by either implementing a full enumeration and evaluation of all possible models or using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo Model Composition (MC3) algorithm (Madigan and York (1995) <doi: 10.2307/1403615>). Complementary functions for hypothesis testing, estimation and predictions under Bayesian model averaging, as well as, plotting and printing the results are also provided. The results can be compared to the ones obtained under other well-known priors on model parameters and model spaces.

Calculate parametric mortality and Fertility models, following packages BaSTA in Colchero, Jones and Rebke (2012) <doi:10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00186.x> and BaFTA <https://github.com/fercol/BaFTA>, summary statistics (e.g. ageing rates, life expectancy, lifespan equality, etc.), life table and product limit estimators from census data.

Systematic conservation prioritization using mixed integer linear programming (MILP). It provides a flexible interface for building and solving conservation planning problems. Once built, conservation planning problems can be solved using a variety of commercial and open-source exact algorithm solvers. By using exact algorithm solvers, solutions can be generated that are guaranteed to be optimal (or within a pre-specified optimality gap). Furthermore, conservation problems can be constructed to optimize the spatial allocation of different management actions or zones, meaning that conservation practitioners can identify solutions that benefit multiple stakeholders. To solve large-scale or complex conservation planning problems, users should install the Gurobi optimization software (available from <https://www.gurobi.com/>) and the gurobi R package (see Gurobi Installation Guide vignette for details). Users can also install the IBM CPLEX software (<https://www.ibm.com/products/ilog-cplex-optimization-studio/cplex-optimizer>) and the cplexAPI R package (available at <https://github.com/cran/cplexAPI>). Additionally, the rcbc R package (available at <https://github.com/dirkschumacher/rcbc>) can be used to generate solutions using the CBC optimization software (<https://github.com/coin-or/Cbc>). For further details, see Hanson et al. (2025) <doi:10.1111/cobi.14376>.

Monte Carlo based model choice for applied phylogenetics of continuous traits. Method described in Carl Boettiger, Graham Coop, Peter Ralph (2012) Is your phylogeny informative? Measuring the power of comparative methods, Evolution 66 (7) 2240-51. <doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01574.x>.

Manipulation and analysis of phylogenetically simulated data sets and phylogenetically based analyses using GLS.

Collect marketing data from Pinterest Ads using the Windsor.ai API <https://windsor.ai/api-fields/>. Use four spaces when indenting paragraphs within the Description.

Measures real distances in pictures. With PDM() function, you can choose one *.jpg file, select the measure in mm of scale, starting and and finishing point in the graphical scale, the name of the measure, and starting and and finishing point of the measures. After, ask the user for a new measure.

The goal of this package is to cover the most common steps in probability of default (PD) rating model development and validation. The main procedures available are those that refer to univariate, bivariate, multivariate analysis, calibration and validation. Along with accompanied monobin and monobinShiny packages, PDtoolkit provides functions which are suitable for different data transformation and modeling tasks such as: imputations, monotonic binning of numeric risk factors, binning of categorical risk factors, weights of evidence (WoE) and information value (IV) calculations, WoE coding (replacement of risk factors modalities with WoE values), risk factor clustering, area under curve (AUC) calculation and others. Additionally, package provides set of validation functions for testing homogeneity, heterogeneity, discriminatory and predictive power of the model.

Simulate the dynamic of wolf populations using a specific Individual-Based Model (IBM) compiled in C, see Chapron et al. (2016) <doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.08.012>.

The Proton Game is a console-based data-crunching game for younger and older data scientists. Act as a data-hacker and find Slawomir Pietraszko's credentials to the Proton server. You have to solve four data-based puzzles to find the login and password. There are many ways to solve these puzzles. You may use loops, data filtering, ordering, aggregation or other tools. Only basics knowledge of R is required to play the game, yet the more functions you know, the more approaches you can try. The knowledge of dplyr is not required but may be very helpful. This game is linked with the ,,Pietraszko's Cave story available at http://biecek.pl/BetaBit/Warsaw. It's a part of Beta and Bit series. You will find more about the Beta and Bit series at http://biecek.pl/BetaBit.

Build and manipulate partially ordered sets (posets), to perform some data analysis on them and to implement multi-criteria decision making procedures. Several efficient ways for generating linear extensions are implemented, together with functions for building mutual ranking probabilities, incomparability, dominance and separation scores (Fattore, M., De Capitani, L., Avellone, A., Suardi, A. (2024). A fuzzy posetic toolbox for multi-criteria evaluation on ordinal data systems. ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH <doi:10.1007/s10479-024-06352-3>).