In semi-structured interviews that use the framework method, it is not always clear how refinements to interview questions affect the decision of when to stop interviews. The trend of novel and duplicate interview codes (novel codes are information that other interviewees have not previously mentioned) provides insight into the richness of qualitative information. This package provides tools to visualise when refinements occur and how that affects the trends of novel and duplicate codes. These visualisations, when used progressively as new interviews are finished, can help the researcher to decide on a stopping point for their interviews. For context, see Wong et al., (2023) <doi:10.1177/16094069231220773>.

The SPARRA risk score (Scottish Patients At Risk of admission and Re-Admission) estimates yearly risk of emergency hospital admission using electronic health records on a monthly basis for most of the Scottish population. This package implements a suite of functions used to analyse the behaviour and performance of the score, focusing particularly on differential performance over demographically-defined groups. It includes useful utility functions to plot receiver-operator-characteristic, precision-recall and calibration curves, draw stock human figures, estimate counterfactual quantities without the need to re-compute risk scores, to simulate a semi-realistic dataset. Our manuscript can be found at: <doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000675>.

Calibrates Bayesian two-stage designs for single-arm phase II trials with time-to-event endpoints using a window-cohort with controlled roll-on. Interim monitoring is anchored to a locked interim cohort and a pre-specified follow-up requirement, so analysis timing remains predictable while preserving follow-up maturity. The package searches feasible interim rules, optimizes final sample size and decision thresholds, evaluates operating characteristics by Monte Carlo simulation, and supports exponential, Weibull, log-normal, log-logistic, and user-defined baseline survival models. Related published foundations include Simon (1989) <doi:10.1016/0197-2456(89)90015-9> and Cotterill and Whitehead (2015) <doi:10.1002/sim.6426>.

This package provides a collection of methods for quantifying the similarity of two or more datasets, many of which can be used for two- or k-sample testing. It provides newly implemented methods as well as wrapper functions for existing methods that enable calling many different methods in a unified framework. The methods were selected from the review and comparison of Stolte et al. (2024) <doi:10.1214/24-SS149>. An empirical comparison of the methods was performed in Stolte et al. (2026) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2604.11458> for categorical data and in Stolte et al. (2026) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2604.12327> for numeric data.

This package provides a two-step Bayesian approach for mode inference (BaŠtürk et al., 2026) <doi:10.18637/jss.v116.i03>. First, a mixture distribution is fitted on the data using a sparse finite mixture (SFM) Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. The number of mixture components does not have to be known; the size of the mixture is estimated endogenously through the SFM approach. Second, the modes of the estimated mixture at each MCMC draw are retrieved using algorithms specifically tailored for mode detection. These estimates are then used to construct posterior probabilities for the number of modes, their locations and uncertainties, providing a powerful tool for mode inference.

This package provides a number of utility functions useful for manipulating large histograms. This includes methods to trim, subset, merge buckets, merge histograms, convert to CDF, and calculate information loss due to binning. It also provides a protocol buffer representation of R's native histogram class to allow histograms over large data sets to be computed and combined in distributed analytical pipelines. Implements bin-by-bin histogram distance measures described in Rubner, Tomasi and Guibas (2000) <doi:10.1023/A:1026543900054>, Swain and Ballard (1991) <doi:10.1007/BF00130487>, and Puzicha, Hofmann and Buhmann (1997) <doi:10.1109/CVPR.1997.609331>, and average shifted histograms as in Scott (2015, ISBN:9781118575536).

Implementation of single-source capture-recapture methods for population size estimation using zero-truncated, zero-one truncated and zero-truncated one-inflated Poisson, Geometric and Negative Binomial regression as well as Zelterman's, Chao's and ratio-regression estimators. Package includes point and interval estimators for the population size with variances estimated using analytical or bootstrap method. Details can be found in: van der Heijden et all. (2003) <doi:10.1191/1471082X03st057oa>, Böhning and van der Heijden (2019) <doi:10.1214/18-AOAS1232>, Böhning et al. (2020) Capture-Recapture Methods for the Social and Medical Sciences or Böhning and Friedl (2021) <doi:10.1007/s10260-021-00556-8>.

The Readonly module is an effective way to create non-modifiable variables. However, it's relatively slow.

The reason it's slow is that is implements the read-only-ness of variables via tied objects. This mechanism is inherently slow. Perl simply has to do a lot of work under the hood to make tied variables work.

This module corrects the speed problem, at least with respect to scalar variables. When Readonly::XS is installed, Readonly uses it to access the internals of scalar variables. Instead of creating a scalar variable object and tying it, Readonly simply flips the SvREADONLY bit in the scalar's FLAGS structure.

Extends the algebraic.dist distribution algebra to random variables with internal structure: coherent reliability systems decomposed into components arranged by a structure function (series, parallel, k-out-of-n, bridge, and arbitrary topologies via minimal path sets). Every dist_structure object is a dist', so the full distribution algebra (mean, vcov, sampler, surv, cdf) works automatically via default methods that compose component-level distributions through the topology. Adds structural queries: structure function evaluation, minimal path and cut sets, system signature, critical states, dual, Birnbaum structural importance, and system reliability. Topology shortcut constructors (series_dist, parallel_dist, kofn_dist, bridge_dist) produce ready-to-use dists from component dists and a chosen structure.

This package provides a variety of Network Scale-up Models for researchers to analyze Aggregated Relational Data, through the use of Stan and glmmTMB'. Also provides tools for model checking In this version, the package implements models from Laga, I., Bao, L., and Niu, X (2023) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2023.2165929>, Zheng, T., Salganik, M. J., and Gelman, A. (2006) <doi:10.1198/016214505000001168>, Killworth, P. D., Johnsen, E. C., McCarty, C., Shelley, G. A., and Bernard, H. R. (1998) <doi:10.1016/S0378-8733(96)00305-X>, and Killworth, P. D., McCarty, C., Bernard, H. R., Shelley, G. A., and Johnsen, E. C. (1998) <doi:10.1177/0193841X9802200205>.

We consider a multiple testing procedure used in many modern applications which is the q-value method proposed by Storey and Tibshirani (2003), <doi:10.1073/pnas.1530509100>. The q-value method is based on the false discovery rate (FDR), hence versions of the q-value method can be defined depending on which estimator of the proportion of true null hypotheses, p0, is plugged in the FDR estimator. We implement the q-value method based on two classical pi0 estimators, and furthermore, we propose and implement three versions of the q-value method for homogeneous discrete uniform P-values based on pi0 estimators which take into account the discrete distribution of the P-values.

Sample sizes are often small due to hard to reach target populations, rare target events, time constraints, limited budgets, or ethical considerations. Two statistical methods with promising performance in small samples are the nonparametric bootstrap test with pooled resampling method, which is the focus of Dwivedi, Mallawaarachchi, and Alvarado (2017) <doi:10.1002/sim.7263>, and informative hypothesis testing, which is implemented in the restriktor package. The npboottprmFBar package uses the nonparametric bootstrap test with pooled resampling method to implement informative hypothesis testing. The bootFbar() function can be used to analyze data with this method and the persimon() function can be used to conduct performance simulations on type-one error and statistical power.

Evaluates the statistical coherence of existing administrative partitions (e.g. inter-municipal groupings, districts) by identifying spatial units whose attributive profile is more similar to a neighbouring group than to their own. Border units are iteratively reassigned to the group they are most affine with, based on Euclidean or Mahalanobis distance computed on user-supplied numeric variables, with optional per-variable weighting and standardisation. Spatial contiguity is enforced throughout: isolated candidates are reintegrated into their original group, disconnected fragments are resolved, and empty groups are restored. Convergence is monitored via an eta-squared cohesion criterion. The resulting partition can be compared to the original administrative delineation using multilevel models, providing a quantitative measure of boundary inefficiency.

Calculate the colocalization index, NSInC, in two different ways as described in the paper (Liu et al., 2019. Manuscript submitted for publication.) for multiple-species spatial data which contain the precise locations and membership of each spatial point. The two main functions are nsinc.d() and nsinc.z(). They provide the Pearsonâ s correlation coefficients of signal proportions in different memberships within a concerned proximity of every signal (or every base signal if single direction colocalization is considered) across all (base) signals using two different ways of normalization. The proximity sizes could be an individual value or a range of values, where the default ranges of values are different for the two functions.

Create epicurves, epigantt charts, and diverging bar charts using ggplot2'. Prepare data for visualisation or other reporting for infectious disease surveillance and outbreak investigation (time series data). Includes tidy functions to solve date based transformations for common reporting tasks, like (A) seasonal date alignment for respiratory disease surveillance, (B) date-based case binning based on specified time intervals like isoweek, epiweek, month and more, (C) automated detection and marking of the new year based on the date/datetime axis of the ggplot2', (D) labelling of the last value of a time-series. An introduction on how to use epicurves can be found on the US CDC website (2012, <https://www.cdc.gov/training/quicklearns/epimode/index.html>).

This package provides tools for the optimization of stratified sampling design. It determines a stratification of a sampling frame that minimizes sample cost while satisfying precision constraints in a multivariate and multidomain context. The approach relies on a genetic algorithm; each candidate partition of the frame is an individual whose fitness is evaluated via the Bethel-Chromy allocation to meet target precisions. Functions support analysis of optimization results, labeling of the frame with new strata, and drawing a sample according to the optimal allocation. Algorithmic components adapt code from the genalg package. See M. Ballin and G. Barcaroli (2020) "R package SamplingStrata: new developments and extension to Spatial Sampling" <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2004.09366>.

This package provides a Shiny application to access the functionalities and datasets of the archeofrag package for spatial analysis in archaeology from refitting data. Quick and seamless exploration of archaeological refitting datasets, focusing on physical refits only. Features include: built-in documentation and convenient workflow, plot generation and export, anomaly detection in the spatial distribution of refitting connection, exploration of spatial units merging solutions, data export to the fabryka application for spatial orientation analysis, simulation of archaeological site formation processes, support for parallel computing, R code generation to re-execute simulations and ensure reproducibility, code generation for the openMOLE model exploration software. A demonstration of the app is available at <https://analytics.huma-num.fr/archeofrag/>.

This is an extremely fast implementation of a Naive Bayes classifier. This package is currently the only package that supports a Bernoulli distribution, a Multinomial distribution, and a Gaussian distribution, making it suitable for both binary features, frequency counts, and numerical features. Another feature is the support of a mix of different event models. Only numerical variables are allowed, however, categorical variables can be transformed into dummies and used with the Bernoulli distribution. The implementation is largely based on the paper "A comparison of event models for Naive Bayes anti-spam e-mail filtering" written by K.M. Schneider (2003) <doi:10.3115/1067807.1067848>. Any issues can be submitted to: <https://github.com/mskogholt/fastNaiveBayes/issues>.

For a given test market find the best control markets using time series matching and analyze the impact of an intervention. The intervention could be a marketing event or some other local business tactic that is being tested. The workflow implemented in the Market Matching package utilizes dynamic time warping (the dtw package) to do the matching and the CausalImpact package to analyze the causal impact. In fact, this package can be considered a "workflow wrapper" for those two packages. In addition, if you don't have a chosen set of test markets to match, the Market Matching package can provide suggested test/control market pairs and pseudo prospective power analysis (measuring causal impact at fake interventions).

Selective sweep is a biological phenomenon in which genetic variation between neighboring beneficial mutant alleles is swept away due to the effect of genetic hitchhiking. Detection of selective sweep is not well acquainted as well as it is a laborious job. This package is a user friendly approach for detecting selective sweep in genomic regions. It uses a Random Forest based machine learning approach to predict selective sweep from VCF files as an input. Input of this function, train data and new data, can be computed using the project <https://github.com/AbhikSarkar1999/SweepDiscovery> in GitHub'. This package has been developed by using the concept of Pavlidis and Alachiotis (2017) <doi:10.1186/s40709-017-0064-0>.

This package provides a unified, extensible interface for discovering hydrological stations and downloading hydrological daily time series (e.g., water discharge, water level, water temperature) and discrete water-quality observations from national and regional public APIs. Water-quality observations are retained at their original sampling timestamps. Includes a provider registry, S3 generics stations and timeseries', licensing metadata, date-range and complete history modes, rate limiting and retries, optional authentication via environment variables, tidy outputs, UTF-8 to ASCII transliteration, and WGS84 coordinates. Designed for reproducible workflows and straightforward addition of new providers. Background and use cases are described in Farber et al. (2025) <doi:10.5194/essd-17-4613-2025> and Farber et al. (2023) <doi:10.57757/IUGG23-2838>.

The rtkinenc package is functionally similar to the standard LaTeX package inputenc: both set up active characters so that an input character outside the range of 7-bit visible ASCII is converted into one or more corresponding LaTeX commands. The main difference lies in that rtkinenc allows the user to specify a fallback procedure to use when the text command corresponding to some input character isn't available. Names of commands in rtkinenc have been selected so that it can read inputenc encoding definition files, and the aim is that rtkinenc should be backwards compatible with inputenc. rtkinenc is not a new version of inputenc though, nor is it part of standard LaTeX.

This package provides a package with focus on analysis of discrete regions of the genome. This package is useful for investigation of one or a few genes using Affymetrix data, since it will extract probe level data using the Affymetrix Power Tools application and wrap these data into a ProbeLevelSet. A ProbeLevelSet directly extends the expressionSet, but includes additional information about the sequence of each probe and the probe set it is derived from. The package includes a number of functions used for plotting these probe level data as a function of location along sequences of mRNA-strands. This can be used for analysis of variable splicing, and is especially well suited for use with exon-array data.

Skeletal myoblasts undergo a well-characterized sequence of morphological and transcriptional changes during differentiation. In this experiment, primary human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMM) were expanded under high mitogen conditions (GM) and then differentiated by switching to low-mitogen media (DM). RNA-Seq libraries were sequenced from each of several hundred cells taken over a time-course of serum-induced differentiation. Between 49 and 77 cells were captured at each of four time points (0, 24, 48, 72 hours) following serum switch using the Fluidigm C1 microfluidic system. RNA from each cell was isolated and used to construct mRNA-Seq libraries, which were then sequenced to a depth of ~4 million reads per library, resulting in a complete gene expression profile for each cell.