Automated flagging of common spatial and temporal errors in biological and paleontological collection data, for the use in conservation, ecology and paleontology. Includes automated tests to easily flag (and exclude) records assigned to country or province centroid, the open ocean, the headquarters of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, urban areas or the location of biodiversity institutions (museums, zoos, botanical gardens, universities). Furthermore identifies per species outlier coordinates, zero coordinates, identical latitude/longitude and invalid coordinates. Also implements an algorithm to identify data sets with a significant proportion of rounded coordinates. Especially suited for large data sets. The reference for the methodology is: Zizka et al. (2019) <doi:10.1111/2041-210X.13152>.

This package provides a lemmatized critical edition of the complete Pali Canon (Tipitaka), the canonical scripture of Theravadin Buddhism. Based on a five-witness collation of the Pali Text Society (PTS) edition (via GRETIL'), SuttaCentral', the Vipassana Research Institute (VRI) Chattha Sangayana edition, the Buddha Jayanti Tipitaka (BJT), and the Thai Royal Edition. All text is lemmatized using the Digital Pali Dictionary', grouping inflected forms by dictionary headword. Covers all three pitakas (Sutta, Vinaya, Abhidhamma) with 5,777 individual text units. The companion package tipitaka provides the original VRI edition data and Pali text tools. For background on the collation method, see Zigmond (2026) <https://github.com/dangerzig/tipitaka.critical>.

Fits and analyzes simplex regression models with either fixed or parametric mean link functions. Implements the simplex probability density function, cumulative distribution function, quantile function, random number generation, and variance evaluation. Offers several fixed and parametric link functions for the mean submodel, tools for residual analysis and diagnostic plotting, hypothesis testing procedures, and influence measures such as Cook's distance and leverage (hat values). Includes the Scout Score (SS) criterion for model selection, enabling comprehensive inference and diagnostic analysis within the simplex regression framework. For more details see Barndorff-Nielsen and Jorgensen (1991) <doi:10.1016/0047-259X(91)90008-P> and Justino and Cribari-Neto (2026) <doi:10.1016/j.apm.2025.116713>.

Calculates insulin secretion rates from C-peptide values based on the methods described in Van Cauter et al. (1992) <doi:10.2337/diab.41.3.368>. Includes functions to calculate estimated insulin secretion rates using linear or cubic spline interpolation of c-peptide values (see Eaton et al., 1980 <doi:10.1210/jcem-51-3-520> and Polonsky et al., 1986 <doi:10.1172/JCI112308>) and to calculate estimates of input coefficients (volume of distribution, short half life, long half life, and fraction attributed to short half life) as described by Van Cauter. Although the generated coefficients are specific to insulin secretion, the two-compartment secretion model used here is useful for certain applications beyond insulin.

High-performance implementation of 37 optimal binning algorithms (16 categorical, 21 numerical) for Weight of Evidence ('WoE') transformation, credit scoring, and risk modeling. Includes advanced methods such as Mixed Integer Linear Programming ('MILP'), Genetic Algorithms, Simulated Annealing, and Monotonic Regression. Features automatic method selection based on Information Value ('IV') maximization, strict monotonicity enforcement, and efficient handling of large datasets via Rcpp'. Provides automated variable screening by Information Value strength and bin ordering, and generation of the equivalent SQL CASE expressions for in-database scoring. Fully integrated with the tidymodels ecosystem for building robust machine learning pipelines. Based on methods described in Siddiqi (2006) <doi:10.1002/9781119201731> and Navas-Palencia (2020) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2001.08025>.

Dominance analysis is a method that allows to compare the relative importance of predictors in multiple regression models: ordinary least squares, generalized linear models, hierarchical linear models, beta regression and dynamic linear models. The main principles and methods of dominance analysis are described in Budescu, D. V. (1993) <doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.3.542> and Azen, R., & Budescu, D. V. (2003) <doi:10.1037/1082-989X.8.2.129> for ordinary least squares regression. Subsequently, the extensions for multivariate regression, logistic regression and hierarchical linear models were described in Azen, R., & Budescu, D. V. (2006) <doi:10.3102/10769986031002157>, Azen, R., & Traxel, N. (2009) <doi:10.3102/1076998609332754> and Luo, W., & Azen, R. (2013) <doi:10.3102/1076998612458319>, respectively.

Estimation and testing methods for dependently truncated data. Semi-parametric methods are based on Emura et al. (2011)<Stat Sinica 21:349-67>, Emura & Wang (2012)<doi:10.1016/j.jmva.2012.03.012>, and Emura & Murotani (2015)<doi:10.1007/s11749-015-0432-8>. Parametric approaches are based on Emura & Konno (2012)<doi:10.1007/s00362-014-0626-2> and Emura & Pan (2017)<doi:10.1007/s00362-017-0947-z>. A regression approach is based on Emura & Wang (2016)<doi:10.1007/s10463-015-0526-9>. Quasi-independence tests are based on Emura & Wang (2010)<doi:10.1016/j.jmva.2009.07.006>. Right-truncated data for Japanese male centenarians are given by Emura & Murotani (2015)<doi:10.1007/s11749-015-0432-8>.

Targets parameters that solve Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) driven by a vector of cumulative hazard functions. The package provides a method for estimating these parameters using an estimator defined by a corresponding Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE) system driven by cumulative hazard estimates. By providing cumulative hazard estimates as input, the package gives estimates of the parameter as output, along with pointwise (co)variances derived from an asymptotic expression. Examples of parameters that can be targeted in this way include the survival function, the restricted mean survival function, cumulative incidence functions, among others; see Ryalen, Stensrud, and Røysland (2018) <doi:10.1093/biomet/asy035>, and further applications in Stensrud, Røysland, and Ryalen (2019) <doi:10.1111/biom.13102> and Ryalen et al. (2021) <doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxab009>.

Survival analysis is employed to model time-to-event data. This package examines the relationship between survival and one or more predictors, termed as covariates, which can include both treatment variables (e.g., season of birth, represented by indicator functions) and continuous variables. To this end, the Cox-proportional hazard (Cox-PH) model, introduced by Cox in 1972, is a widely applicable and commonly used method for survival analysis. This package enables the estimation of the effect of randomization for the treatment variable to account for potential confounders, providing adjustment when estimating the association with exposure. It accommodates both fixed and time-dependent covariates and computes survival probabilities for lactation periods in dairy animals. The package is built upon the algorithm developed by Klein and Moeschberger (2003) <DOI:10.1007/b97377>.

This package implements variable screening techniques for ultra-high dimensional regression settings. Techniques for independent (iid) data, varying-coefficient models, and longitudinal data are implemented. The package currently contains three screen functions: screenIID(), screenLD() and screenVCM(), and six methods for simulating dataset: simulateDCSIS(), simulateLD, simulateMVSIS(), simulateMVSISNY(), simulateSIRS() and simulateVCM(). The package is based on the work of Li-Ping ZHU, Lexin LI, Runze LI, and Li-Xing ZHU (2011) <DOI:10.1198/jasa.2011.tm10563>, Runze LI, Wei ZHONG, & Liping ZHU (2012) <DOI:10.1080/01621459.2012.695654>, Jingyuan LIU, Runze LI, & Rongling WU (2014) <DOI:10.1080/01621459.2013.850086> Hengjian CUI, Runze LI, & Wei ZHONG (2015) <DOI:10.1080/01621459.2014.920256>, and Wanghuan CHU, Runze LI and Matthew REIMHERR (2016) <DOI:10.1214/16-AOAS912>.

This package implements the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction models, as described in Kaptoge et al. (2019) <doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30318-3>. Provides two validated models for estimating 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction and stroke): a laboratory-based model using age, sex, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, smoking status, and diabetes history; and a non-laboratory-based model substituting body mass index (BMI) for cholesterol and diabetes, suitable for resource-limited settings. Risk estimates are recalibrated to 21 Global Burden of Disease regions using region-specific incidence rates and risk factor distributions derived from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Functions are fully vectorized for efficient batch calculations and support automatic country-to-region mapping via ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country codes.

Computing elliptical joint confidence regions at a specified confidence level. It provides the flexibility to estimate either classical or robust confidence regions, which can be visualized in 2D or 3D plots. The classical approach assumes normality and uses the mean and covariance matrix to define the confidence regions. Alternatively, the robustified version employs estimators like minimum covariance determinant (MCD) and M-estimator, making them less sensitive to outliers and departures from normality. Furthermore, the functions allow users to group the dataset based on categorical variables and estimate separate confidence regions for each group. This capability is particularly useful for exploring potential differences or similarities across subgroups within a dataset. Varmuza and Filzmoser (2009, ISBN:978-1-4200-5947-2). Johnson and Wichern (2007, ISBN:0-13-187715-1). Raymaekers and Rousseeuw (2019) <DOI:10.1080/00401706.2019.1677270>.

This package provides tools for analysing the geometry of configurations in high-dimensional spaces using the Average Membership Degree (AMD) framework and synthetic configuration generation. The package supports a domain-agnostic approach to studying the shape, dispersion, and internal structure of point clouds, with applications across biological and ecological datasets, including those derived from deep-time records. The AMD framework builds on the idea that strongly coupled systems may occupy a limited set of recurrent regimes in state space, producing high-occupancy regions separated by sparsely populated transitional configurations. The package focuses on detecting these concentration patterns and quantifying their geometric definition without assuming any underlying dynamical model. It provides AMD curve computation, cluster assignment, and sigma-equivalent estimation, together with S3 methods for plotting, printing, and summarising AMD and sigma-equivalent objects. Mendoza (2025) <https://mmendoza1967.github.io/AMDconfigurations/>.

This package provides an implementation of simplicial complexes for Topological Data Analysis (TDA). The package includes functions to compute faces, boundary operators, Betti numbers, Euler characteristic, and to construct simplicial complexes, including Vietoris-Rips, Cech, Alpha, Delaunay, Witness, flood, and (via a Freudenthal triangulation) cubical complexes for grid and image data. It also implements persistent homology, from building filtrations (via a single build_filtration() entry point covering all of the above) to computing persistence diagrams, persistence landscapes, and Wasserstein/bottleneck distances between diagrams, with the aim of helping readers understand the core concepts of computational topology. Methods are based on standard references in persistent homology such as Zomorodian and Carlsson (2005) <doi:10.1007/s00454-004-1146-y>, Chazal and Michel (2021) <doi:10.3389/frai.2021.667963>, and Otter, Porter, Tillmann, Grindrod and Harrington (2017) <doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-017-0109-5>.

The modified Adult Treatment Panel -III guidelines (ATP-III) proposed by American Heart Association (AHA) and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) are used widely for the clinical diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome. The AHA-NHLBI criteria advise using parameters such as waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Each parameter has to be interpreted based on the proposed cut-offs, making the diagnosis slightly complex and error-prone. This package is developed by incorporating the modified ATP-III guidelines, and it will aid in the easy and quick diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in busy healthcare settings and also for research purposes. The modified ATP-III-AHA-NHLBI criteria for the diagnosis is described by Grundy et al ., (2005) <doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404>.

Load and analyze updated time series worldwide data of reported cases for the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) from different sources, including the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering (JHU CSSE) data repository <https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19>, "Our World in Data" <https://github.com/owid/> among several others. The datasets reporting the COVID-19 cases are available in two main modalities, as a time series sequences and aggregated data for the last day with greater spatial resolution. Several analysis, visualization and modelling functions are available in the package that will allow the user to compute and visualize total number of cases, total number of changes and growth rate globally or for an specific geographical location, while at the same time generating models using these trends; generate interactive visualizations and generate Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model for the disease spread.

Automatically returns results from 18 logistic models including 14 individual logistic models and 4 logistic ensembles of models. The package also returns 25 plots, 5 tables, and a summary report. The package automatically builds all 18 models, reports all results, and provides graphics to show how the models performed. This can be used for a wide range of data, such as sports or medical data. The package includes medical data (the Pima Indians data set), and information about the performance of Lebron James. The package can be used to analyze many other examples, such as stock market data. The package automatically returns many values for each model, such as True Positive Rate, True Negative Rate, False Positive Rate, False Negative Rate, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value, F1 Score, Area Under the Curve. The package also returns 36 Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for each of the 18 models.

Management problems of deterministic and stochastic projects. It obtains the duration of a project and the appropriate slack for each activity in a deterministic context. In addition it obtains a schedule of activities time (Castro, Gómez & Tejada (2007) <doi:10.1016/j.orl.2007.01.003>). It also allows the management of resources. When the project is done, and the actual duration for each activity is known, then it can know how long the project is delayed and make a fair delivery of the delay between each activity (Bergantiños, Valencia-Toledo & Vidal-Puga (2018) <doi:10.1016/j.dam.2017.08.012>). In a stochastic context it can estimate the average duration of the project and plot the density of this duration, as well as, the density of the early and last times of the chosen activities. As in the deterministic case, it can make a distribution of the delay generated by observing the project already carried out.

Generally, soil functionality is characterized by its capability to sustain microbial activity, nutritional element supply, structural stability and aid for crop production. Since soil functions can be linked to 80% of ecosystem services, conservation of degraded land should strive to restore not only the capacity of soil to sustain flora but also ecosystem provisions. The primary ecosystem services of soil are carbon sequestration, food or biomass production, provision of microbial habitat, nutrient recycling. However, the actual magnitude of soil functions provided by agricultural land uses has never been quantified. Nutrient supply capacity (NSC) is a measure of nutrient dynamics in restored land uses. Carbon accumulation proficiency (CAP) is a measure of ecosystem carbon sequestration. Biological activity index (BAI) is the average of responses of all enzyme activities in treated land over control/reference land. The CAP parameter investigates how land uses may affect carbon flows, retention, and sequestration. The CAP provides a signal for C cycles, flows, and the systems relative operational supremacy.

The ZygosityPredictor allows to predict how many copies of a gene are affected by small variants. In addition to the basic calculations of the affected copy number of a variant, the Zygosity-Predictor can integrate the influence of several variants on a gene and ultimately make a statement if and how many wild-type copies of the gene are left. This information proves to be of particular use in the context of translational medicine. For example, in cancer genomes, the Zygosity-Predictor can address whether unmutated copies of tumor-suppressor genes are present. Beyond this, it is possible to make this statement for all genes of an organism. The Zygosity-Predictor was primarily developed to handle SNVs and INDELs (later addressed as small-variants) of somatic and germline origin. In order not to overlook severe effects outside of the small-variant context, it has been extended with the assessment of large scale deletions, which cause losses of whole genes or parts of them.

This package provides functions to read and write neuroimaging data in various file formats, with a focus on FreeSurfer formats. This includes, but is not limited to, the following file formats: 1) MGH/MGZ/NIFTI format files, which can contain multi-dimensional images or other data. Typically they contain time-series of three-dimensional brain scans acquired by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They can also contain vertex-wise measures of surface morphometry data. The MGH format is named after the Massachusetts General Hospital, and the MGZ format is a compressed version of the same format. 2) FreeSurfer morphometry data files in binary curv format. These contain vertex-wise surface measures, i.e., one scalar value for each vertex of a brain surface mesh. These are typically values like the cortical thickness or brain surface area at each vertex. 3) Annotation file format. This contains a brain surface parcellation derived from a cortical atlas. 4) Surface file format. Contains a brain surface mesh, given by a list of vertices and a list of faces.

Automated backtesting of multiple portfolios over multiple datasets of stock prices in a rolling-window fashion. Intended for researchers and practitioners to backtest a set of different portfolios, as well as by a course instructor to assess the students in their portfolio design in a fully automated and convenient manner, with results conveniently formatted in tables and plots. Each portfolio design is easily defined as a function that takes as input a window of the stock prices and outputs the portfolio weights. Multiple portfolios can be easily specified as a list of functions or as files in a folder. Multiple datasets can be conveniently extracted randomly from different markets, different time periods, and different subsets of the stock universe. The results can be later assessed and ranked with tables based on a number of performance criteria (e.g., expected return, volatility, Sharpe ratio, drawdown, turnover rate, return on investment, computational time, etc.), as well as plotted in a number of ways with nice barplots and boxplots. See Chapter 8 (Portfolio Backtesting) of the book: Daniel P. Palomar, "Portfolio Optimization: Theory and Application", Cambridge University Press, 2025.

The RNAseqCovarImpute package makes linear model analysis for RNA sequencing read counts compatible with multiple imputation (MI) of missing covariates. A major problem with implementing MI in RNA sequencing studies is that the outcome data must be included in the imputation prediction models to avoid bias. This is difficult in omics studies with high-dimensional data. The first method we developed in the RNAseqCovarImpute package surmounts the problem of high-dimensional outcome data by binning genes into smaller groups to analyze pseudo-independently. This method implements covariate MI in gene expression studies by 1) randomly binning genes into smaller groups, 2) creating M imputed datasets separately within each bin, where the imputation predictor matrix includes all covariates and the log counts per million (CPM) for the genes within each bin, 3) estimating gene expression changes using `limma::voom` followed by `limma::lmFit` functions, separately on each M imputed dataset within each gene bin, 4) un-binning the gene sets and stacking the M sets of model results before applying the `limma::squeezeVar` function to apply a variance shrinking Bayesian procedure to each M set of model results, 5) pooling the results with Rubins’ rules to produce combined coefficients, standard errors, and P-values, and 6) adjusting P-values for multiplicity to account for false discovery rate (FDR). A faster method uses principal component analysis (PCA) to avoid binning genes while still retaining outcome information in the MI models. Binning genes into smaller groups requires that the MI and limma-voom analysis is run many times (typically hundreds). The more computationally efficient MI PCA method implements covariate MI in gene expression studies by 1) performing PCA on the log CPM values for all genes using the Bioconductor `PCAtools` package, 2) creating M imputed datasets where the imputation predictor matrix includes all covariates and the optimum number of PCs to retain (e.g., based on Horn’s parallel analysis or the number of PCs that account for >80% explained variation), 3) conducting the standard limma-voom pipeline with the `voom` followed by `lmFit` followed by `eBayes` functions on each M imputed dataset, 4) pooling the results with Rubins’ rules to produce combined coefficients, standard errors, and P-values, and 5) adjusting P-values for multiplicity to account for false discovery rate (FDR).

Landsat satellites collect important data about global forest conditions. Documentation about Landsat's role in forest disturbance estimation is available at the site <https://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/>. By constrained quadratic B-splines, this package delivers an optimal shape-restricted trajectory to a time series of Landsat imagery for the purpose of modeling annual forest disturbance dynamics to behave in an ecologically sensible manner assuming one of seven possible "shapes", namely, flat, decreasing, one-jump (decreasing, jump up, decreasing), inverted vee (increasing then decreasing), vee (decreasing then increasing), linear increasing, and double-jump (decreasing, jump up, decreasing, jump up, decreasing). The main routine selects the best shape according to the minimum Bayes information criterion (BIC) or the cone information criterion (CIC), which is defined as the log of the estimated predictive squared error. The package also provides parameters summarizing the temporal pattern including year(s) of inflection, magnitude of change, pre- and post-inflection rates of growth or recovery. In addition, it contains routines for converting a flat map of disturbance agents to time-series disturbance maps and a graphical routine displaying the fitted trajectory of Landsat imagery.