This package implements a set of distribution modeling methods that are suited to species with small sample sizes (e.g., poorly sampled species or rare species). While these methods can also be used on well-sampled taxa, they are united by the fact that they can be utilized with relatively few data points. More details on the currently implemented methodologies can be found in Drake and Richards (2018) <doi:10.1002/ecs2.2373>, Drake (2015) <doi:10.1098/rsif.2015.0086>, and Drake (2014) <doi:10.1890/ES13-00202.1>.

Generalized additive models under shape constraints on the component functions of the linear predictor. Models can include multiple shape-constrained (univariate and bivariate) and unconstrained terms. Routines of the package mgcv are used to set up the model matrix, print, and plot the results. Multiple smoothing parameter estimation by the Generalized Cross Validation or similar. See Pya and Wood (2015) <doi:10.1007/s11222-013-9448-7> for an overview. A broad selection of shape-constrained smoothers, linear functionals of smooths with shape constraints, and Gaussian models with AR1 residuals.

Deconvolving thermoluminescence glow curves according to various kinetic models (first-order, second-order, general-order, and mixed-order) using a modified Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (More, 1978) <DOI:10.1007/BFb0067700>. It provides the possibility of setting constraints or fixing any of parameters. It offers an interactive way to initialize parameters by clicking with a mouse on a plot at positions where peak maxima should be located. The optimal estimate is obtained by "trial-and-error". It also provides routines for simulating first-order, second-order, and general-order glow peaks.

Prediction intervals for ARIMA and structural time series models using importance sampling approach with uninformative priors for model parameters, leading to more accurate coverage probabilities in frequentist sense. Instead of sampling the future observations and hidden states of the state space representation of the model, only model parameters are sampled, and the method is based solving the equations corresponding to the conditional coverage probability of the prediction intervals. This makes method relatively fast compared to for example MCMC methods, and standard errors of prediction limits can also be computed straightforwardly.

Gives a number of functions to aid common data analysis processes and reporting statistical results in an RMarkdown file. Data analysis functions combine multiple base R functions used to describe simple bivariate relationships into a single, easy to use function. Reporting functions will return character strings to report p-values, confidence intervals, and hypothesis test and regression results. Strings will be LaTeX-formatted as necessary and will knit pretty in an RMarkdown document. The package also provides wrappers function in the tableone package to make the results knit-able.

Support functions and datasets to facilitate the analysis of linguistic data. The current focus is on the calculation of corpus-linguistic dispersion measures as described in Gries (2021) <doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46216-1_5> and Soenning (2025) <doi:10.3366/cor.2025.0326>. The most commonly used parts-based indices are implemented, including different formulas and modifications that are found in the literature, with the additional option to obtain frequency-adjusted scores. Dispersion scores can be computed based on individual count variables or a term-document matrix.

REDUCE is a portable general-purpose computer algebra system. It is a system for doing scalar, vector and matrix algebra by computer, which also supports arbitrary precision numerical approximation and interfaces to gnuplot to provide graphics. It can be used interactively for simple calculations but also provides a full programming language, with a syntax similar to other modern programming languages. REDUCE supports alternative user interfaces including Run-REDUCE, TeXmacs and GNU Emacs. This package provides the Codemist Standard Lisp (CSL) version of REDUCE. It uses the gnuplot program, if installed, to draw figures.

Evaluation for density and distribution function of convolution of gamma distributions in R. Two related exact methods and one approximate method are implemented with efficient algorithm and C++ code. A quick guide for choosing correct method and usage of this package is given in package vignette. For the detail of methods used in this package, we refer the user to Mathai(1982)<doi:10.1007/BF02481056>, Moschopoulos(1984)<doi:10.1007/BF02481123>, Barnabani(2017)<doi:10.1080/03610918.2014.963612>, Hu et al.(2020)<doi:10.1007/s00180-019-00924-9>.

Package implements entropy balancing, a data preprocessing procedure described in Hainmueller (2008, <doi:10.1093/pan/mpr025>) that allows users to reweight a dataset such that the covariate distributions in the reweighted data satisfy a set of user specified moment conditions. This can be useful to create balanced samples in observational studies with a binary treatment where the control group data can be reweighted to match the covariate moments in the treatment group. Entropy balancing can also be used to reweight a survey sample to known characteristics from a target population.

This package provides tools to perform fuzzy formal concept analysis, presented in Wille (1982) <doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01815-2_23> and in Ganter and Obiedkov (2016) <doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49291-8>. It provides functions to load and save a formal context, extract its concept lattice and implications. In addition, one can use the implications to compute semantic closures of fuzzy sets and, thus, build recommendation systems. Matrix factorization is provided by the GreConD+ algorithm (Belohlavek and Trneckova, 2024 <doi:10.1109/TFUZZ.2023.3330760>).

Generate decision tables and simulate operating characteristics for phase I dose-finding designs to enable objective comparison across methods. Supported designs include the traditional 3+3, Bayesian Optimal Interval (BOIN) (Liu and Yuan (2015) <doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-14-1526>), modified Toxicity Probability Interval-2 (mTPI-2) (Guo et al. (2017) <doi:10.1002/sim.7185>), interval 3+3 (i3+3) (Liu et al. (2020) <doi:10.1177/0962280220939123>), and Generalized 3+3 (G3). Provides visualization tools for comparing decision rules and operating characteristics across multiple designs simultaneously.

Automatically displays the order and spatial weighting matrix of the distance between locations. This concept was derived from the research of Mubarak, Aslanargun, and Siklar (2021) <doi:10.52403/ijrr.20211150> and Mubarak, Aslanargun, and Siklar (2022) <doi:10.17654/0972361722052>. Distance data between locations can be imported from Ms. Excel', maps package or created in R programming directly. This package also provides 5 simulations of distances between locations derived from fictitious data, the maps package, and from research by Mubarak, Aslanargun, and Siklar (2022) <doi:10.29244/ijsa.v6i1p90-100>.

This package provides a weighting approach that employs kernels to make one group have a similar distribution to another group on covariates. This method matches not only means or marginal distributions but also higher-order transformations implied by the choice of kernel. kbal is applicable to both treatment effect estimation and survey reweighting problems. Based on Hazlett, C. (2020) "Kernel Balancing: A flexible non-parametric weighting procedure for estimating causal effects." Statistica Sinica. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299013953_Kernel_Balancing_A_flexible_non-parametric_weighting_procedure_for_estimating_causal_effects>.

Algorithms of distance-based k-medoids clustering: simple and fast k-medoids, ranked k-medoids, and increasing number of clusters in k-medoids. Calculate distances for mixed variable data such as Gower, Podani, Wishart, Huang, Harikumar-PV, and Ahmad-Dey. Cluster validation applies internal and relative criteria. The internal criteria includes silhouette index and shadow values. The relative criterium applies bootstrap procedure producing a heatmap with a flexible reordering matrix algorithm such as complete, ward, or average linkages. The cluster result can be plotted in a marked barplot or pca biplot.

In the context of multistate models, which are popular in sociology, demography, and epidemiology, Markov chain with rewards calculations can help to refine transition timings and so obtain more accurate estimates. The package code accommodates up to nine transient states and irregular age (time) intervals. Traditional demographic life tables result as a special case. Formulas and methods involved are explained in detail in the accompanying article: Schneider / Myrskyla / van Raalte (2021): Flexible Transition Timing in Discrete-Time Multistate Life Tables Using Markov Chains with Rewards, MPIDR Working Paper WP-2021-002.

Animal movement models including Moving-Resting Process with Embedded Brownian Motion (Yan et al., 2014, <doi:10.1007/s10144-013-0428-8>; Pozdnyakov et al., 2017, <doi:10.1007/s11009-017-9547-6>), Brownian Motion with Measurement Error (Pozdnyakov et al., 2014, <doi:10.1890/13-0532.1>), Moving-Resting-Handling Process with Embedded Brownian Motion (Pozdnyakov et al., 2020, <doi:10.1007/s11009-020-09774-1>), Moving-Resting Process with Measurement Error (Hu et al., 2021, <doi:10.1111/2041-210X.13694>), Moving-Moving Process with two Embedded Brownian Motions.

Calculating home ranges and movements of animals in complex stream environments is often challenging, and standard home range estimators do not apply. This package provides a series of tools for assessing movements in a stream network, such as calculating the total length of stream used, distances between points, and movement patterns over time. See Vignette for additional details. This package was originally released on GitHub under the name SNM'. SNMA was developed for analyses in McKnight et al. (2025) <doi:10.3354/esr01442> which contains additional examples and information.

Some accelerated three-term conjugate gradient algorithms implemented purely in R with the same user interface as optim(). The search directions and acceleration scheme are described in Andrei, N. (2013) <doi:10.1016/j.amc.2012.11.097>, Andrei, N. (2013) <doi:10.1016/j.cam.2012.10.002>, and Andrei, N (2015) <doi:10.1007/s11075-014-9845-9>. Line search is done by a hybrid algorithm incorporating the ideas in Oliveia and Takahashi (2020) <doi:10.1145/3423597> and More and Thuente (1994) <doi:10.1145/192115.192132>.

Users can estimate the treatment effect for multiple subgroups basket trials based on the Bayesian Cluster Hierarchical Model (BCHM). In this model, a Bayesian non-parametric method is applied to dynamically calculate the number of clusters by conducting the multiple cluster classification based on subgroup outcomes. Hierarchical model is used to compute the posterior probability of treatment effect with the borrowing strength determined by the Bayesian non-parametric clustering and the similarities between subgroups. To use this package, JAGS software and rjags package are required, and users need to pre-install them.

When samples contain missing data, are small, or are suspected of bias, estimation of scale reliability may not be trustworthy. A recommended solution for this common problem has been Bayesian model estimation. Bayesian methods rely on user specified information from historical data or researcher intuition to more accurately estimate the parameters. This package provides a user friendly interface for estimating test reliability. Here, reliability is modeled as a beta distributed random variable with shape parameters alpha=true score variance and beta=error variance (Tanzer & Harlow, 2020) <doi:10.1080/00273171.2020.1854082>.

Analyzes non-verbal communication by processing data extracted from video recordings of dyadic interactions. It supports integration with open source tools, currently limited to OpenPose (Cao et al. (2019) <doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2019.2929257>), converting its outputs into CSV format for further analysis. The package includes functions for data pre-processing, visualization, and computation of motion indices such as velocity, acceleration, and jerkiness (Cook et al. (2013) <doi:10.1093/brain/awt208>), facilitating the analysis of non-verbal cues in paired interactions and contributing to research on human communication dynamics.

Extends the Changes-in-Changes model a la Athey and Imbens (2006) <doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00668.x> to multiple cohorts and time periods, which generalizes difference-in-differences estimation techniques to the entire distribution. Computes quantile treatment effects for every possible two-by-two combination in ecic(). Then, aggregating all bootstrap runs adds the standard errors in summary_ecic(). Results can be plotted with plot_ecic() aggregated over all cohort-group combinations or in an event-study style for either individual periods or individual quantiles.

The functions provided in the FADA (Factor Adjusted Discriminant Analysis) package aim at performing supervised classification of high-dimensional and correlated profiles. The procedure combines a decorrelation step based on a factor modeling of the dependence among covariates and a classification method. The available methods are Lasso regularized logistic model (see Friedman et al. (2010)), sparse linear discriminant analysis (see Clemmensen et al. (2011)), shrinkage linear and diagonal discriminant analysis (see M. Ahdesmaki et al. (2010)). More methods of classification can be used on the decorrelated data provided by the package FADA.

Distance metrics for mixed-type data consisting of continuous, nominal, and ordinal variables. This methodology uses additive and product kernels to calculate similarity functions and metrics, and selects variables relevant to the underlying distance through bandwidth selection via maximum similarity cross-validation. These methods can be used in any distance-based algorithm, such as distance-based clustering. For further details, we refer the reader to Ghashti and Thompson (2024) <doi:10.1007/s00357-024-09493-z> for dkps() methodology, and Ghashti (2024) <doi:10.14288/1.0443975> for dkss() methodology.