Import data of tests and questionnaires from FormScanner. FormScanner is an open source software that converts scanned images to data using optical mark recognition (OMR) and it can be downloaded from <https://sourceforge.net/projects/formscanner/>. The spreadsheet file created by FormScanner is imported in a convenient format to perform the analyses provided by the package. These analyses include the conversion of multiple responses to binary (correct/incorrect) data, the computation of the number of corrected responses for each subject or item, scoring using weights,the computation and the graphical representation of the frequencies of the responses to each item and the report of the responses of a few subjects.

This package performs genomic mediation analysis with adaptive confounding adjustment (GMAC) proposed by Yang et al. (2017) <doi:10.1101/gr.216754.116>. It implements large scale mediation analysis and adaptively selects potential confounding variables to adjust for each mediation test from a pool of candidate confounders. The package is tailored for but not limited to genomic mediation analysis (e.g., cis-gene mediating trans-gene regulation pattern where an eQTL, its cis-linking gene transcript, and its trans-gene transcript play the roles as treatment, mediator and the outcome, respectively), restricting to scenarios with the presence of cis-association (i.e., treatment-mediator association) and random eQTL (i.e., treatment).

Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis (KFDA) is performed using Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) and Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA). There are some similar packages. First, lfda is a package that performs Local Fisher Discriminant Analysis (LFDA) and performs other functions. In particular, lfda seems to be impossible to test because it needs the label information of the data in the function argument. Also, the ks package has a limited dimension, which makes it difficult to analyze properly. This package is a simple and practical package for KFDA based on the paper of Yang, J., Jin, Z., Yang, J. Y., Zhang, D., and Frangi, A. F. (2004) <DOI:10.1016/j.patcog.2003.10.015>.

Maximum likelihood estimation for stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) of production (profit) and cost functions. The package includes the basic stochastic frontier for cross-sectional or pooled data with several distributions for the one-sided error term (i.e., Rayleigh, gamma, Weibull, lognormal, uniform, generalized exponential and truncated skewed Laplace), the latent class stochastic frontier model (LCM) as described in Dakpo et al. (2021) <doi:10.1111/1477-9552.12422>, for cross-sectional and pooled data, and the sample selection model as described in Greene (2010) <doi:10.1007/s11123-009-0159-1>, and applied in Dakpo et al. (2021) <doi:10.1111/agec.12683>. Several possibilities in terms of optimization algorithms are proposed.

This package performs approximate GP regression for large computer experiments and spatial datasets. The approximation is based on finding small local designs for prediction (independently) at particular inputs. OpenMP and SNOW parallelization are supported for prediction over a vast out-of-sample testing set; GPU acceleration is also supported for an important subroutine. OpenMP and GPU features may require special compilation. An interface to lower-level (full) GP inference and prediction is provided. Wrapper routines for blackbox optimization under mixed equality and inequality constraints via an augmented Lagrangian scheme, and for large scale computer model calibration, are also provided. For details and tutorial, see Gramacy (2016 <doi:10.18637/jss.v072.i01>.

An implementation of the feature Selection procedure by Partitioning the entire Solution Paths (namely SPSP) to identify the relevant features rather than using a single tuning parameter. By utilizing the entire solution paths, this procedure can obtain better selection accuracy than the commonly used approach of selecting only one tuning parameter based on existing criteria, cross-validation (CV), generalized CV, AIC, BIC, and extended BIC (Liu, Y., & Wang, P. (2018) <doi:10.1214/18-EJS1434>). It is more stable and accurate (low false positive and false negative rates) than other variable selection approaches. In addition, it can be flexibly coupled with the solution paths of Lasso, adaptive Lasso, ridge regression, and other penalized estimators.

In ecology, spatial data is often represented using polygons. These polygons can represent a variety of spatial entities, such as ecological patches, animal home ranges, or gaps in the forest canopy. Researchers often need to determine if two spatial processes, represented by these polygons, are independent of each other. For instance, they might want to test if the home range of a particular animal species is influenced by the presence of a certain type of vegetation. To address this, Godoy et al. (2022) (<doi:10.1016/j.spasta.2022.100695>) developed conditional Monte Carlo tests. These tests are designed to assess spatial independence while taking into account the shape and size of the polygons.

This package implements the Univariate Marginal Distribution Algorithm (UMDA), an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) for continuous optimization problems. The method iteratively selects the best individuals from a population, estimates an independent marginal probability distribution for each decision variable, and generates new candidate solutions by sampling from the estimated distributions. This process allows the probability model to adapt toward promising regions of the search space. The implementation supports normal, triangular, histogram-based, and uniform probability distributions, together with an optional explicit exploration strategy for the initialization of the population. The implemented explicit exploration strategy in this package is described in Salinas Gutierrez and Muñoz Zavala (2023) <doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2023.110230>.

The POMA package offers a comprehensive toolkit designed for omics data analysis, streamlining the process from initial visualization to final statistical analysis. Its primary goal is to simplify and unify the various steps involved in omics data processing, making it more accessible and manageable within a single, intuitive R package. Emphasizing on reproducibility and user-friendliness, POMA leverages the standardized SummarizedExperiment class from Bioconductor, ensuring seamless integration and compatibility with a wide array of Bioconductor tools. This approach guarantees maximum flexibility and replicability, making POMA an essential asset for researchers handling omics datasets. See https://github.com/pcastellanoescuder/POMAShiny. Paper: Castellano-Escuder et al. (2021) <doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009148> for more details.

The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) provides one of the most comprehensive time series databases on the Turkish economy. The CBRT package provides functions for accessing the CBRT's electronic data delivery system <https://evds3.tcmb.gov.tr/>. It contains the lists of all data categories and data groups for searching the available variables (data series). As of February 17, 2026, there were 47,986 variables in the dataset. The lists of data categories and data groups can be updated by the user at any time. A specific variable, a group of variables, or all variables in a data group can be downloaded at different frequencies using a variety of aggregation methods.

Find the permutation symmetry group such that the covariance matrix of the given data is approximately invariant under it. Discovering such a permutation decreases the number of observations needed to fit a Gaussian model, which is of great use when it is smaller than the number of variables. Even if that is not the case, the covariance matrix found with gips approximates the actual covariance with less statistical error. The methods implemented in this package are described in Graczyk et al. (2022) <doi:10.1214/22-AOS2174>. Documentation about gips is provided via its website at <https://przechoj.github.io/gips/> and the paper by Chojecki, Morgen, KoÅ odziejek (2025, <doi:10.18637/jss.v112.i07>).

marr (Maximum Rank Reproducibility) is a nonparametric approach that detects reproducible signals using a maximal rank statistic for high-dimensional biological data. In this R package, we implement functions that measures the reproducibility of features per sample pair and sample pairs per feature in high-dimensional biological replicate experiments. The user-friendly plot functions in this package also plot histograms of the reproducibility of features per sample pair and sample pairs per feature. Furthermore, our approach also allows the users to select optimal filtering threshold values for the identification of reproducible features and sample pairs based on output visualization checks (histograms). This package also provides the subset of data filtered by reproducible features and/or sample pairs.

This package provides efficient implementation of the Cross-Covariance Isolate Detect (CCID) methodology for the estimation of the number and location of multiple change-points in the second-order (cross-covariance or network) structure of multivariate, possibly high-dimensional time series. The method is motivated by the detection of change points in functional connectivity networks for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), magentoencephalography (MEG) and electrocorticography (ECoG) data. The main routines in the package have been extensively tested on fMRI data. For details on the CCID methodology, please see Anastasiou et al (2022), Cross-covariance isolate detect: A new change-point method for estimating dynamic functional connectivity. Medical Image Analysis, Volume 75.

This package provides a hybrid dynamic forest (gap) model (FINN) that can be configured as a fully mechanistic, process-based model, like classic forest gap models, or with its demographic processes (growth, mortality, regeneration) replaced by deep neural networks (DNNs), or any combination of the two. Provides functions to define a model and its mechanistic or empirical components, calibrate it to forest inventory data, and interpret the calibrated processes. FINN is implemented with the torch package, which supplies GPU support and the automatic differentiation used to calibrate the model by stochastic gradient descent; no knowledge of torch is required. The hybrid modeling approach is described in Pichler and Käber (2026) <doi:10.1111/2041-210x.70347>.

This package provides functions to perform the Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) for hypothesis testing in Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions. The package allows users to specify Type I and Type II error probabilities, decision thresholds, and compare null and alternative hypotheses sequentially as data accumulate. It includes visualization tools for plotting the likelihood ratio path and decision boundaries, making it easier to interpret results. The methods are based on Wald (1945) <doi:10.1214/aoms/1177731118>, who introduced the SPRT as one of the earliest and most powerful sequential analysis techniques. This package is useful in quality control, clinical trials, and other applications requiring early decision-making.The term SPRT is an abbreviation and used intentionally.

This package provides two main functionalities. 1 - Given a system of simultaneous equation, it decomposes the matrix of coefficients weighting the endogenous variables into three submatrices: one includes the subset of coefficients that have a causal nature in the model, two include the subset of coefficients that have a interdependent nature in the model, either at systematic level or induced by the correlation between error terms. 2 - Given a decomposed model, it tests for the significance of the interdependent relationships acting in the system, via Maximum likelihood and Wald test, which can be built starting from the function output. For theoretical reference see Faliva (1992) <doi:10.1007/BF02589085> and Faliva and Zoia (1994) <doi:10.1007/BF02589041>.

Uncertainty propagation analysis in spatial environmental modelling following methodology described in Heuvelink et al. (2007) <doi:10.1080/13658810601063951> and Brown and Heuvelink (2007) <doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2006.06.015>. The package provides functions for examining the uncertainty propagation starting from input data and model parameters, via the environmental model onto model outputs. The functions include uncertainty model specification, stochastic simulation and propagation of uncertainty using Monte Carlo (MC) techniques. Uncertain variables are described by probability distributions. Both numerical and categorical data types are handled. Spatial auto-correlation within an attribute and cross-correlation between attributes is accommodated for. The MC realizations may be used as input to the environmental models called from R, or externally.

This package implements Weighted-Average Least Squares model averaging for negative binomial regression models of Huynh (2024) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2404.11324>, generalized linear models of De Luca, Magnus, Peracchi (2018) <doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2017.12.007> and linear regression models of Magnus, Powell, Pruefer (2010) <doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.07.004>, see also Magnus, De Luca (2016) <doi:10.1111/joes.12094>. Weighted-Average Least Squares for the linear regression model is based on the original MATLAB code by Magnus and De Luca <https://www.janmagnus.nl/items/WALS.pdf>, see also Kumar, Magnus (2013) <doi:10.1007/s13571-013-0060-9> and De Luca, Magnus (2011) <doi:10.1177/1536867X1201100402>.

Over sixty clustering algorithms are provided in this package with consistent input and output, which enables the user to try out algorithms swiftly. Additionally, 26 statistical approaches for the estimation of the number of clusters as well as the mirrored density plot (MD-plot) of clusterability are implemented. The packages is published in Thrun, M.C., Stier Q.: "Fundamental Clustering Algorithms Suite" (2021), SoftwareX, <DOI:10.1016/j.softx.2020.100642>. Moreover, the fundamental clustering problems suite (FCPS) offers a variety of clustering challenges any algorithm should handle when facing real world data, see Thrun, M.C., Ultsch A.: "Clustering Benchmark Datasets Exploiting the Fundamental Clustering Problems" (2020), Data in Brief, <DOI:10.1016/j.dib.2020.105501>.

This package provides a tool to process and analyse data collected with wearable raw acceleration sensors as described in Migueles and colleagues (JMPB 2019), and van Hees and colleagues (JApplPhysiol 2014; PLoSONE 2015). The package has been developed and tested for binary data from GENEActiv <https://activinsights.com/>, binary (.gt3x) and .csv-export data from Actigraph <https://ametris.com/> devices, and binary (.cwa) and .csv-export data from Axivity <https://axivity.com>. These devices are currently widely used in research on human daily physical activity. Further, the package can handle accelerometer data file from any other sensor brand providing that the data is stored in csv format. Also the package allows for external function embedding.

Price volatility refers to the degree of variation in series over a certain period of time. This volatility is especially noticeable in agricultural commodities, adding uncertainty for farmers, traders, and others in the agricultural supply chain. Commonly and popularly used four volatility models viz, GARCH, Glosten Jagannatan Runkle-GARCH (GJR-GARCH) model, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) model and Multiplicative Error Model (MEM) are selected and implemented. PWAVE, weighted ensemble model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to combine the forecast obtained from all the candidate models. This package has been developed using algorithm of Paul et al. <doi:10.1007/s40009-023-01218-x> and Yeasin and Paul (2024) <doi:10.1007/s11227-023-05542-3>.

This package provides tools for specifying, analyzing and simulating models of social influence network theory based on the Friedkin-Johnsen model, Friedkin and Johnsen (1990) <doi:10.1080/0022250X.1990.9990069>, which includes the consensus model of DeGroot (1974) <doi:10.1080/01621459.1974.10480137> as a special case. Equilibrium opinions, total influence matrices and convergence diagnostics are computed in closed form, also for signed networks with antagonistic ties, Altafini (2013) <doi:10.1109/TAC.2012.2224251>. Simulations allow influence weights and susceptibilities to depend on time and on the state of the system, and can couple latent opinions with manifest responses through logistic or threshold response functions, whose results are aggregated into collective outcomes by quota rules.

Although model selection is ubiquitous in scientific discovery, the stability and uncertainty of the selected model is often hard to evaluate. How to characterize the random behavior of the model selection procedure is the key to understand and quantify the model selection uncertainty. This R package offers several graphical tools to visualize the distribution of the selected model. For example, Gplot(), Hplot(), VDSM_scatterplot() and VDSM_heatmap(). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to visualize such a distribution. About what distribution of selected model is and how it work please see Qin,Y.and Wang,L. (2021) "Visualization of Model Selection Uncertainty" <https://homepages.uc.edu/~qinyn/VDSM/VDSM.html>.

This package provides a Bayesian tool to test for population trends and changes in trends under arbitrary designs, including before-after (BA), control-intervention (CI) and before-after-control-intervention (BACI) designs commonly used to assess conservation impact. It infers changes in trends jointly from data obtained with multiple survey methods, as well as from limited and noisy data not necessarily collected in standardized ecological surveys. Observed counts can be modeled as following either a Poisson or a negative binomial model, and both deterministic and stochastic trend models are available. For more details on the model see Singer et al. (2025) <doi:10.1101/2025.01.08.631844>, and the file AUTHORS for a list of copyright holders and contributors.