Helper functions to implement univariate and bivariate latent change score models in R using the lavaan package. For details about Latent Change Score Modeling (LCSM) see McArdle (2009) <doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163612> and Grimm, An, McArdle, Zonderman and Resnick (2012) <doi:10.1080/10705511.2012.659627>. The package automatically generates lavaan syntax for different model specifications and varying timepoints. The lavaan syntax generated by this package can be returned and further specifications can be added manually. Longitudinal plots as well as simplified path diagrams can be created to visualise data and model specifications. Estimated model parameters and fit statistics can be extracted as data frames. Data for different univariate and bivariate LCSM can be simulated by specifying estimates for model parameters to explore their effects. This package combines the strengths of other R packages like lavaan', broom', and semPlot by generating lavaan syntax that helps these packages work together.

Genomic coordinates of CTCF binding sites, with strand orientation (directionality of binding). Position weight matrices (PWMs) from JASPAR, HOCOMOCO, CIS-BP, CTCFBSDB, SwissRegulon, Jolma 2013, were used to uniformly predict CTCF binding sites using FIMO (default settings) on human (hg18, hg19, hg38, T2T) and mouse (mm9, mm10, mm39) genome assemblies. Extra columns include motif/PWM name (e.g., MA0139.1), score, p-value, q-value, and the motif sequence. It is recommended to filter FIMO-predicted sites by 1e-6 p-value threshold instead of using the default 1e-4 threshold. Experimentally obtained CTCF-bound cis-regulatory elements from ENCODE SCREEN and predicted CTCF sites from CTCFBSDB are also included. Selected data are lifted over from a different genome assembly as we demonstrated liftOver is a viable option to obtain CTCF coordinates in different genome assemblies. CTCF sites obtained using JASPAR's MA0139.1 PWM and filtered at 1e-6 p-value threshold are recommended.

Universally unique identifiers ('UUIDs') can be sub-optimal for many uses-cases because they are not the most character efficient way of encoding 128 bits of randomness; v1/v2 versions are impractical in many environments, as they require access to a unique, stable MAC address; v3/v5 versions require a unique seed and produce randomly distributed IDs, which can cause fragmentation in many data structures; v4 provides no other information than randomness which can cause fragmentation in many data structures. Providing an alternative, ULIDs (<https://github.com/ulid/spec>) have 128-bit compatibility with UUID', 1.21e+24 unique ULIDs per millisecond, support standard (text) sorting, canonically encoded as a 26 character string, as opposed to the 36 character UUID', use base32 encoding for better efficiency and readability (5 bits per character), are case insensitive, have no special characters (i.e. are URL safe) and have a monotonic sort order (correctly detects and handles the same millisecond).

This package provides a sizable genomics study such as microarray often involves the use of multiple batches (groups) of experiment due to practical complication. To minimize batch effects, a careful experiment design should ensure the even distribution of biological groups and confounding factors across batches. OSAT (Optimal Sample Assignment Tool) is developed to facilitate the allocation of collected samples to different batches. With minimum steps, it produces setup that optimizes the even distribution of samples in groups of biological interest into different batches, reducing the confounding or correlation between batches and the biological variables of interest. It can also optimize the even distribution of confounding factors across batches. Our tool can handle challenging instances where incomplete and unbalanced sample collections are involved as well as ideal balanced RCBD. OSAT provides a number of predefined layout for some of the most commonly used genomics platform. Related paper can be find at http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/689 .

This package provides tools for the analysis of interval-valued data, including construction, visualization, and statistical modeling. The package provides the intData class for representing interval-valued data, along with functions to aggregate microdata and to estimate parameters of latent distributions. Barycenter and covariance matrix estimation is implemented based on the Mallows distance (Oliveira et al. (2025) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2407.05105>). Robust estimation of the symbolic covariance matrix is implemented via the Interval Minimum Covariance Determinant (IMCD) estimator, enabling outlier detection based on the robust squared Interval-Mahalanobis distance, as proposed by Loureiro et al. (2026b) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2604.26769>. Explainable outlier detection is supported through Shapley value based decomposition of the squared robust Interval-Mahalanobis distance, allowing assessment of variable contributions to outlyingness (Loureiro et al. (2026a) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2606.26307>). Shapley interaction indices are also implemented, along with visualization tools to support interpretation of the results.

Kevin Dowd's book Measuring Market Risk is a widely read book in the area of risk measurement by students and practitioners alike. As he claims, MATLAB indeed might have been the most suitable language when he originally wrote the functions, but, with growing popularity of R it is not entirely valid. As Dowd's code was not intended to be error free and were mainly for reference, some functions in this package have inherited those errors. An attempt will be made in future releases to identify and correct them. Dowd's original code can be downloaded from www.kevindowd.org/measuring-market-risk/. It should be noted that Dowd offers both MMR2 and MMR1 toolboxes. Only MMR2 was ported to R. MMR2 is more recent version of MMR1 toolbox and they both have mostly similar function. The toolbox mainly contains different parametric and non parametric methods for measurement of market risk as well as backtesting risk measurement methods.

This package provides a comprehensive suite of genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods specifically designed for biobank-scale data, including but not limited to, robust approaches for time-to-event traits (Li et al., 2025 <doi:10.1038/s43588-025-00864-z>) and ordinal categorical traits (Bi et al., 2021 <doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.03.019>). The package also offers general frameworks for GWAS of any trait type (Bi et al., 2020 <doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.003>), while accounting for sample relatedness (Xu et al., 2025 <doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56669-1>) or population structure (Ma et al., 2025 <doi:10.1186/s13059-025-03827-9>). By accurately approximating score statistic distributions using saddlepoint approximation (SPA), these methods can effectively control type I error rates for rare variants and in the presence of unbalanced phenotype distributions. Additionally, the package includes functions for simulating genotype and phenotype data to support research and method development.

This package provides a decision support tool for prioritizing conservation projects. Prioritizations can be developed by maximizing expected feature richness, expected phylogenetic diversity, the number of features that meet persistence targets, or identifying a set of projects that meet persistence targets for minimal cost. Constraints (e.g. lock in specific actions) and feature weights can also be specified to further customize prioritizations. After defining a project prioritization problem, solutions can be obtained using exact algorithms, heuristic algorithms, or random processes. In particular, it is recommended to install the Gurobi optimizer (available from <https://www.gurobi.com>) because it can identify optimal solutions very quickly. The rcbc R package (available at <https://github.com/dirkschumacher/rcbc>) can also be used to generate solutions using the CBC optimization software (<https://github.com/coin-or/Cbc>). Finally, methods are provided for comparing different prioritizations and evaluating their benefits. For more information, see Hanson et al. (2019) <doi:10.1111/2041-210X.13264>.

Obtaining relevant set of trait specific genes from gene expression data is important for clinical diagnosis of disease and discovery of disease mechanisms in plants and animals. This process involves identification of relevant genes and removal of redundant genes as much as possible from a whole gene set. This package returns the trait specific gene set from the high dimensional RNA-seq count data by applying combination of two conventional machine learning algorithms, support vector machine (SVM) and genetic algorithm (GA). GA is used to control and optimize the subset of genes sent to the SVM for classification and evaluation. Genetic algorithm uses repeated learning steps and cross validation over number of possible solution and selects the best. The algorithm selects the set of genes based on a fitness function that is obtained via support vector machines. Using SVM as the classifier performance and the genetic algorithm for feature selection, a set of trait specific gene set is obtained.

This package provides rank-based compositional differential abundance analysis for microbiome count data with zero cells using the compositional accelerated failure time model of Satten, Li and Zhao (2025) "CAFT: A Compositional Log-Linear Model for Microbiome Data with Zero Cells" <doi:10.1101/2025.11.26.690468>. Zero counts are treated as censored observations below sample-specific detection limits, avoiding the use of pseudocounts. The package implements estimation and hypothesis testing procedures for assessing associations between microbial taxa and covariates while accounting for the compositional structure of sequencing count data. It supports taxon-level differential abundance analysis, estimation of regression effects under censoring induced by detection limits, and inference based on rank-based methods that remain applicable in the presence of excess zeros. Functions are provided for model fitting, significance testing, extraction of effect estimates, and summarization of results across taxa. The package also provides optional bootstrap calibration of taxon-level p-values for sensitivity analysis in small-taxon settings.

Gives some hypothesis test functions (sign test, median and other quantile tests, Wilcoxon signed rank test, coefficient of variation test, test of normal variance, test on weighted sums of Poisson [see Fay and Kim <doi:10.1002/bimj.201600111>], sample size for t-tests with different variances and non-equal n per arm, Behrens-Fisher test, nonparametric ABC intervals, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test [with effect estimates and confidence intervals, see Fay and Malinovsky <doi:10.1002/sim.7890>], two-sample melding tests [see Fay, Proschan, and Brittain <doi:10.1111/biom.12231>], one-way ANOVA allowing var.equal=FALSE [see Brown and Forsythe, 1974, Biometrics]), prevalence confidence intervals that adjust for sensitivity and specificity [see Lang and Reiczigel, 2014 <doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.09.015>] or Bayer, Fay, and Graubard, 2023 <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2205.13494>). The focus is on hypothesis tests that have compatible confidence intervals, but some functions only have confidence intervals (e.g., prevSeSp).

This package provides tools for interacting with the geographic name resolution service ('GNRS') API <https://github.com/ojalaquellueva/gnrs> and associated functionality. The GNRS is a batch application for resolving & standardizing political division names against standard name in the geonames database <http://www.geonames.org/>. The GNRS resolves political division names at three levels: country, state/province and county/parish. Resolution is performed in a series of steps, beginning with direct matching to standard names, followed by direct matching to alternate names in different languages, followed by direct matching to standard codes (such as ISO and FIPS codes). If direct matching fails, the GNRS attempts to match to standard and then alternate names using fuzzy matching, but does not perform fuzzing matching of political division codes. The GNRS works down the political division hierarchy, stopping at the current level if all matches fail. In other words, if a country cannot be matched, the GNRS does not attempt to match state or county.

Computes the prior fraction, the per-group pooling or shrinkage factor, for hierarchical models, including directly from brms fits. For each group-level coefficient the prior fraction is the share of the posterior precision contributed by the shrinkage prior relative to the likelihood; values near one indicate a coefficient that is prior-dominated (the centring/non-centring funnel regime), values near zero indicate a likelihood-dominated coefficient that is well identified from the data. These quantities are invisible to standard convergence diagnostics such as R-hat and effective sample size, and they indicate where a non-centred reparameterisation is likely to help. A companion advisor reports the same decomposition for changepoint random effects fitted with smoothbp'. The underlying geometry (the Fisher-metric connection on the base-fiber split, for which this connection is flat so the obstruction is statistical rather than geometric) is described in Bindoff (2026) <doi:10.5281/zenodo.20724550>; code reproducing the paper is in the package's source repository.

This package provides methods for estimating minimal important change (MIC) and interpretation thresholds for multi-item questionnaires and single-item continuous or ordinal measures. Methods include predictive modelling, adjusted predictive modelling, improved adjusted predictive modelling using anchor reliability, confirmatory factor analysis for anchor reliability, longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis for MIC estimation, longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis-based MIC estimation for single-item measures, and confirmatory factor analysis-based threshold estimation for single-item and multi-item measures. Implemented methods include those developed by Terluin et al. (2015) <doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.03.015>, Terluin et al. (2017) <doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.12.015>, Terluin et al. (2022) <doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.04.018>, Terluin et al. (2023) <doi:10.1007/s11136-023-03355-8>, Terluin et al. (2024) <doi:10.1007/s11136-023-03577-w>, Terluin et al. (2024) <doi:10.1007/s11136-024-03763-4>, and Terluin et al. (2026) <doi:10.1007/s11136-025-04134-3>.

This package provides a set of tools for fitting Markov-modulated linear regression, where responses Y(t) are time-additive, and model operates in the external environment, which is described as a continuous time Markov chain with finite state space. Model is proposed by Alexander Andronov (2012) <arXiv:1901.09600v1> and algorithm of parameters estimation is based on eigenvalues and eigenvectors decomposition. Markov-switching regression models have the same idea of varying the regression parameters randomly in accordance with external environment. The difference is that for Markov-modulated linear regression model the external environment is described as a continuous-time homogeneous irreducible Markov chain with known parameters while switching models consider Markov chain as unobserved and estimation procedure involves estimation of transition matrix. These models have significant differences in terms of the analytical approach. Also, package provides a set of data simulation tools for Markov-modulated linear regression (for academical/research purposes). Research project No. 1.1.1.2/VIAA/1/16/075.

This project aims to enable the method of Path Analysis to infer causalities from data. For this we propose a hybrid approach, which uses Bayesian network structure learning algorithms from data to create the input file for creation of a PA model. The process is performed in a semi-automatic way by our intermediate algorithm, allowing novice researchers to create and evaluate their own PA models from a data set. The references used for this project are: Koller, D., & Friedman, N. (2009). Probabilistic graphical models: principles and techniques. MIT press. <doi:10.1017/S0269888910000275>. Nagarajan, R., Scutari, M., & Lèbre, S. (2013). Bayesian networks in r. Springer, 122, 125-127. Scutari, M., & Denis, J. B. <doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6446-4>. Scutari M (2010). Bayesian networks: with examples in R. Chapman and Hall/CRC. <doi:10.1201/b17065>. Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1 - 36. <doi:10.18637/jss.v048.i02>.

Holistic Multimodel Domain Analysis (HMDA) is a robust and transparent framework designed for exploratory machine learning research, aiming to enhance the process of feature assessment and selection. HMDA addresses key limitations of traditional machine learning methods by evaluating the consistency across multiple high-performing models within a fine-tuned modeling grid, thereby improving the interpretability and reliability of feature importance assessments. Specifically, it computes Weighted Mean SHapley Additive exPlanations (WMSHAP), which aggregate feature contributions from multiple models based on weighted performance metrics. HMDA also provides confidence intervals to demonstrate the stability of these feature importance estimates. This framework is particularly beneficial for analyzing complex, multidimensional datasets common in health research, supporting reliable exploration of mental health outcomes such as suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and other psychological conditions. Additionally, HMDA includes automated procedures for feature selection based on WMSHAP ratios and performs dimension reduction analyses to identify underlying structures among features. For more details see Haghish (2025) <doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.32473.63846>.

This package provides a set of models to estimate nonlinear longitudinal data using Bayesian estimation methods. These models include the: 1) Bayesian Piecewise Random Effects Model (Bayes_PREM()) which estimates a piecewise random effects (mixture) model for a given number of latent classes and a latent number of possible changepoints in each class, and can incorporate class and outcome predictive covariates (see Lamm (2022) <https://hdl.handle.net/11299/252533> and Lock et al., (2018) <doi:10.1007/s11336-017-9594-5>), 2) Bayesian Crossed Random Effects Model (Bayes_CREM()) which estimates a linear, quadratic, exponential, or piecewise crossed random effects models where individuals are changing groups over time (e.g., students and schools; see Rohloff et al., (2024) <doi:10.1111/bmsp.12334>), and 3) Bayesian Bivariate Piecewise Random Effects Model (Bayes_BPREM()) which estimates a bivariate piecewise random effects model to jointly model two related outcomes (e.g., reading and math achievement; see Peralta et al., (2022) <doi:10.1037/met0000358>).

This package provides nonparametric CUSUM tests for detecting changes in possibly serially dependent univariate or low-dimensional multivariate observations. Retrospective tests sensitive to changes in the expectation, the variance, the covariance, the autocovariance, the distribution function, Spearman's rho, Kendall's tau, Gini's mean difference, and the copula are provided, as well as a test for detecting changes in the distribution of independent block maxima (with environmental studies in mind). The package also contains a test sensitive to changes in the autocopula and a combined test of stationarity sensitive to changes in the distribution function and the autocopula. The latest additions are an open-end sequential test based on the retrospective CUSUM statistic that can be used for monitoring changes in the mean of possibly serially dependent univariate observations, as well as closed-end and open-end sequential tests based on empirical distribution functions that can be used for monitoring changes in the contemporary distribution of possibly serially dependent univariate or low-dimensional multivariate observations.

Ordination comprises several multivariate exploratory and explanatory techniques with theoretical foundations in geometric data analysis; see Podani (2000, ISBN:90-5782-067-6) for techniques and applications and Le Roux & Rouanet (2005) <doi:10.1007/1-4020-2236-0> for foundations. Greenacre (2010, ISBN:978-84-923846) shows how the most established of these, including principal components analysis, correspondence analysis, multidimensional scaling, factor analysis, and discriminant analysis, rely on eigen-decompositions or singular value decompositions of pre-processed numeric matrix data. These decompositions give rise to a set of shared coordinates along which the row and column elements can be measured. The overlay of their scatterplots on these axes, introduced by Gabriel (1971) <doi:10.1093/biomet/58.3.453>, is called a biplot. ordr provides inspection, extraction, manipulation, and visualization tools for several popular ordination classes supported by a set of recovery methods. It is inspired by and designed to integrate into Tidyverse workflows provided by Wickham et al (2019) <doi:10.21105/joss.01686>.

This package provides tools for modelling and forecasting epidemic trajectories using a dynamic Gompertz model within a state space framework, with the Kalman filter for robust estimation of non-linear growth. Includes a reinitialization feature to adapt to new waves, and a leading-indicator extension that uses a related series moving ahead of the variable of interest (e.g. cases ahead of hospitalisations) to improve short-horizon forecasts, with model and lag selection via rolling-origin cross-validation. Applicable to data at daily, monthly, quarterly, or annual frequency, and to non-epidemic trajectories with similar dynamics, such as innovation diffusion and product adoption. Includes functions for data preprocessing, model fitting, forecast visualization, and accuracy evaluation using standard error measures. Methods are described in Harvey and Kattuman (2020) <doi:10.1162/99608f92.828f40de>, Harvey and Kattuman (2021) <doi:10.1098/rsif.2021.0179>, and Ashby, Harvey, Kattuman, Tang, and Thamotheram (2024) <https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/cchle-tsgc-paper-2024.pdf>.

This package implements Moreau-Yosida Markov chain Monte Carlo ('MCMC') importance sampling for parameter estimation and Bayesian inference under smooth, non-differentiable, or light-tailed target posterior distributions and arbitrary probability models with complete or censored data. Users supply user-defined probability density functions, optional distribution functions, parameter ranges, and observations subject to complete, right, left, interval, Type-I, Type-II, progressive Type-II, first-failure, or truncation schemes. Constructs Moreau-Yosida envelopes, gradient-based proposals ('MALA', HMC', or RWM'), self-normalized importance weights, batch-means asymptotic variance estimates, and Bayesian marginal quantiles. Methodologies are based on Shukla', Vats', and Chi (2025) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2501.02228>, Pereyra (2016) <doi:10.1111/sjos.12208>, Durmus and others (2022) <doi:10.1214/22-EJS2027>, Chen and Shao (1999) <doi:10.1214/ss/1009211804>, Roberts and Rosenthal (1998) <doi:10.1214/aoap/1028903378>, Geweke (1989) <doi:10.2307/2290062>, Hesterberg (1995) <doi:10.1080/00031305.1995.10476138>, and Balakrishnan and Aggarwala (2000, ISBN:978-0-8176-4001-9).

Implementations of an estimator for the multivariate regression association measure (MRAM) proposed in Shih and Chen (2026) <doi:10.1016/j.csda.2025.108288> and its associated variable selection algorithm. The MRAM quantifies the predictability of a random vector Y from a random vector X given a random vector Z. It takes the maximum value 1 if and only if Y is almost surely a measurable function of X and Z, and the minimum value of 0 if Y is conditionally independent of X given Z. The MRAM generalizes the Kendall's tau copula correlation ratio proposed in Shih and Emura (2021) <doi:10.1016/j.jmva.2020.104708> by employing the spatial sign function. The estimator is based on the nearest neighbor method, and the associated variable selection algorithm is adapted from the feature ordering by conditional independence (FOCI) algorithm of Azadkia and Chatterjee (2021) <doi:10.1214/21-AOS2073>. For further details, see the paper Shih and Chen (2026) <doi:10.1016/j.csda.2025.108288>.

The President of the United States is constitutionally obligated to provide a report known as the State of the Union'. The report summarizes the current challenges facing the country and the president's upcoming legislative agenda. While historically the State of the Union was often a written document, in recent decades it has always taken the form of an oral address to a joint session of the United States Congress. This package provides the raw text from every such address with the intention of being used for meaningful examples of text analysis in R. The corpus is well suited to the task as it is historically important, includes material intended to be read and material intended to be spoken, and it falls in the public domain. As the corpus spans over two centuries it is also a good test of how well various methods hold up to the idiosyncrasies of historical texts. Associated data about each address, such as the year, president, party, and format, are also included.