This package provides a set of radiative transfer models to quantitatively describe the absorption, reflectance and transmission of solar energy in vegetation, and model remotely sensed spectral signatures of vegetation at distinct spatial scales (leaf,canopy and stand). The main principle behind ccrtm is that many radiative transfer models can form a coupled chain, basically models that feed into each other in a linked chain (from leaf, to canopy, to stand, to atmosphere). It allows the simulation of spectral datasets in the solar spectrum (400-2500nm) using leaf models as PROSPECT5, 5b, and D which can be coupled with canopy models as FLIM', SAIL and SAIL2'. Currently, only a simple atmospheric model ('skyl') is implemented. Jacquemoud et al 2008 provide the most comprehensive overview of these models <doi:10.1016/j.rse.2008.01.026>.

This package provides methods to estimate serial intervals and time-varying case reproduction numbers from infectious disease outbreak data. Serial intervals measure the time between symptom onset in linked transmission pairs, while case reproduction numbers quantify how many secondary cases each infected individual generates over time. These parameters are essential for understanding transmission dynamics, evaluating control measures, and informing public health responses. The package implements the maximum likelihood framework from Vink et al. (2014) <doi:10.1093/aje/kwu209> for serial interval estimation and the retrospective method from Wallinga & Lipsitch (2007) <doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3754> for reproduction number estimation. Originally developed for scabies transmission analysis but applicable to other infectious diseases including influenza, COVID-19, and emerging pathogens. Designed for epidemiologists, public health researchers, and infectious disease modelers working with outbreak surveillance data.

This package implements an efficient and powerful Bayesian approach for sparse high-dimensional linear regression. It uses minimal prior assumptions on the parameters through plug-in empirical Bayes estimates of hyperparameters. An efficient Parameter-Expanded Expectation-Conditional-Maximization (PX-ECM) algorithm estimates maximum a posteriori (MAP) values of regression parameters and variable selection probabilities. The PX-ECM results in a robust computationally efficient coordinate-wise optimization, which adjusts for the impact of other predictor variables. The E-step is motivated by the popular two-group approach to multiple testing. The result is a PaRtitiOned empirical Bayes Ecm (PROBE) algorithm applied to sparse high-dimensional linear regression, implemented using one-at-a-time or all-at-once type optimization. More information can be found in McLain, Zgodic, and Bondell (2022) <arXiv:2209.08139>.

This package provides publication-ready tables for descriptive statistics and regression models: frequency tables and cross-tabulations with association measures (Cramér's V, Kendall's Tau-b, and others), categorical and continuous summary tables, by group or from a complex survey design, and regression tables for one or more models side by side, across more than thirty model classes from mixed-effects to survival and Bayesian, with robust standard errors, average marginal effects, and univariable screening. Tables follow APA conventions by default, can switch to named journal styles such as JAMA, NEJM, or The Lancet, and render identically in the console and in gt', tinytable', flextable', Word', Excel', or the clipboard. Declared missing values in labelled data are honored and disclosed throughout the descriptive tables. Helpers cover codebooks, variable inspection, and row-wise summaries.

This package provides functions and data to accompany the 5th edition of the book "Applied Nonparametric Statistical Methods" (4th edition: Sprent & Smeeton, 2024, ISBN:158488701X), the revisions from the 4th edition including a move from describing the output from a miscellany of statistical software packages to using R. While the output from many of the functions can also be obtained using a range of other R functions, this package provides functions in a unified setting and give output using both p-values and confidence intervals, exemplifying the book's approach of treating p-values as a guide to statistical importance and not an end product in their own right. Please note that in creating the ANSM5 package we do not claim to have produced software which is necessarily the most computationally efficient nor the most comprehensive.

Reads and writes ARFF files. ARFF (Attribute-Relation File Format) files are like CSV files, with a little bit of added meta information in a header and standardized NA values. They are quite often used for machine learning data sets and were introduced for the WEKA machine learning Java toolbox. See <https://waikato.github.io/weka-wiki/formats_and_processing/arff_stable/> for further info on ARFF and for <http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/> for more info on WEKA'. farff gets rid of the Java dependency that RWeka enforces, and it is at least a faster reader (for bigger files). It uses readr as parser back-end for the data section of the ARFF file. Consistency with RWeka is tested on Github and Travis CI with hundreds of ARFF files from OpenML'.

This package provides a set of functions for performing null hypothesis testing on samples of persistence diagrams using the theory of permutations. Currently, only two-sample testing is implemented. Inputs can be either samples of persistence diagrams themselves or vectorizations. In the former case, they are embedded in a metric space using either the Bottleneck or Wasserstein distance. In the former case, persistence data becomes functional data and inference is performed using tools available in the fdatest package. Main reference for the interval-wise testing method: Pini A., Vantini S. (2017) "Interval-wise testing for functional data" <doi:10.1080/10485252.2017.1306627>. Main reference for inference on populations of networks: Lovato, I., Pini, A., Stamm, A., & Vantini, S. (2020) "Model-free two-sample test for network-valued data" <doi:10.1016/j.csda.2019.106896>.

Advanced fuzzy logic based techniques are implemented to compute the similarity among different objects or items. Typically, application areas consist of transforming raw data into the corresponding advanced fuzzy logic representation and determining the similarity between two objects using advanced fuzzy similarity techniques in various fields of research, such as text classification, pattern recognition, software projects, decision-making, medical diagnosis, and market prediction. Functions are designed to compute the membership, non-membership, hesitant-membership, indeterminacy-membership, and refusal-membership for the input matrices. Furthermore, it also includes a large number of advanced fuzzy logic based similarity measure functions to compute the Intuitionistic fuzzy similarity (IFS), Pythagorean fuzzy similarity (PFS), and Spherical fuzzy similarity (SFS) between two objects or items based on their fuzzy relationships. It also includes working examples for each function with sample data sets.

This package provides functions to access drug regulatory data from public RESTful APIs including the FDA Open API and the Health Canada Drug Product Database API', retrieving real-time or historical information on drug approvals, adverse events, recalls, and product details. Additionally, the package includes a curated collection of open datasets focused on drugs, pharmaceuticals, treatments, and clinical studies. These datasets cover diverse topics such as treatment dosages, pharmacological studies, placebo effects, drug reactions, misuses of pain relievers, and vaccine effectiveness. The package supports reproducible research and teaching in pharmacology, medicine, and healthcare by integrating reliable international APIs and structured datasets from public, academic, and government sources. For more information on the APIs, see: FDA API <https://open.fda.gov/apis/> and Health Canada API <https://health-products.canada.ca/api/documentation/dpd-documentation-en.html>.

In stability selection (N Meinshausen, P Bühlmann (2010) <doi:10.1111/j.1467-9868.2010.00740.x>) and consensus clustering (S Monti et al (2003) <doi:10.1023/A:1023949509487>), resampling techniques are used to enhance the reliability of the results. In this package (B Bodinier et al (2025) <doi:10.18637/jss.v112.i05>), hyper-parameters are calibrated by maximising model stability, which is measured under the null hypothesis that all selection (or co-membership) probabilities are identical (B Bodinier et al (2023a) <doi:10.1093/jrsssc/qlad058> and B Bodinier et al (2023b) <doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btad635>). Functions are readily implemented for the use of LASSO regression, sparse PCA, sparse (group) PLS or graphical LASSO in stability selection, and hierarchical clustering, partitioning around medoids, K means or Gaussian mixture models in consensus clustering.

This package provides a session-based engine for cognitive diagnostic computerized adaptive testing (CD-CAT), the application of adaptive testing to cognitive diagnosis models. Three models are supported: the deterministic inputs, noisy "and" gate (DINA), the deterministic inputs, noisy "or" gate (DINO), and the generalized DINA (GDINA) model. Item selection criteria include Kullback-Leibler (KL) information, posterior-weighted Kullback-Leibler (PWKL), modified posterior-weighted Kullback-Leibler (MPWKL), and Shannon entropy (SHE). Latent attribute profiles are estimated by maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), maximum a posteriori (MAP), or expected a posteriori (EAP). Content balancing, item exposure control, and shadow testing are configurable through constraint functions. The implemented methods follow Cheng (2009) <doi:10.1007/s11336-009-9123-2> and de la Torre (2011) <doi:10.1007/s11336-011-9207-7>. Designed for real-time, item-by-item adaptive applications.

This package provides functionality to perform a likelihood-free method for estimating the parameters of complex models that results in a simulated sample from the posterior distribution of model parameters given targets. The method begins with a accept/reject approximate bayes computation (ABC) step applied to a sample of points from the prior distribution of model parameters. Accepted points result in model predictions that are within the initially specified tolerance intervals around the target points. The sample is iteratively updated by drawing additional points from a mixture of multivariate normal distributions, accepting points within tolerance intervals. As the algorithm proceeds, the acceptance intervals are narrowed. The algorithm returns a set of points and sampling weights that account for the adaptive sampling scheme. For more details see Rutter, Ozik, DeYoreo, and Collier (2018) <arXiv:1804.02090>.

Starting on the afternoon of July 17, 2026, Kevin Kruse fired off an astonishing array of BlueSky replies to an initial post of his featuring a certain government figure: <https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:cnpe7qvcyjrhm6w7w7e4atur/post/3mqum4mxsuk2g>. This lasted a week and generated nearly seven hundred posts. Over the next few weeks, several more waves followed, each taking aim at a different prominent figure. All of the by now over two thousand posts from these series start with My man ... and make for excellent input to a fortunes'-like function. So this small package obliges and offers a random draw each time its myman() function is called. The overall package structure follows package fortunes', and atrrr was used to (bulk-)retrieve posts. Neither package is required to run this package to display random selections.

This package contains model fitting functions for linear and non-linear adsorption kinetic and diffusion models. Adsorption kinetics is used for characterizing the rate of solute adsorption and the time necessary for the adsorption process. Adsorption kinetics offers vital information on adsorption rate, adsorbent performance in response time, and mass transfer processes. In addition, diffusion models are included in the package as solute diffusion affects the adsorption kinetic experiments. This package consists of 20 adsorption and diffusion models, including Pseudo First Order (PFO), Pseudo Second Order (PSO), Elovich, and Weber-Morris model (commonly called the intraparticle model) stated by Plazinski et al. (2009) <doi:10.1016/j.cis.2009.07.009>. This package also contains a summary function where the statistical errors of each model are ranked for a more straightforward determination of the best fit model.

Calculates ratings for two-player or multi-player challenges. Methods included in package such as are able to estimate ratings (players strengths) and their evolution in time, also able to predict output of challenge. Algorithms are based on Bayesian Approximation Method, and they don't involve any matrix inversions nor likelihood estimation. Parameters are updated sequentially, and computation doesn't require any additional RAM to make estimation feasible. Additionally, base of the package is written in C++ what makes sport computation even faster. Methods used in the package refer to Mark E. Glickman (1999) <https://www.glicko.net/research/glicko.pdf>; Mark E. Glickman (2001) <doi:10.1080/02664760120059219>; Ruby C. Weng, Chih-Jen Lin (2011) <https://www.jmlr.org/papers/volume12/weng11a/weng11a.pdf>; W. Penny, Stephen J. Roberts (1999) <doi:10.1109/IJCNN.1999.832603>.

Extremely efficient toolkit for solving the best subset selection problem <https://www.jmlr.org/papers/v23/21-1060.html>. This package is its R interface. The package implements and generalizes algorithms designed in <doi:10.1073/pnas.2014241117> that exploits a novel sequencing-and-splicing technique to guarantee exact support recovery and globally optimal solution in polynomial times for linear model. It also supports best subset selection for logistic regression, Poisson regression, Cox proportional hazard model, Gamma regression, multiple-response regression, multinomial logistic regression, ordinal regression, Ising model reconstruction <doi:10.1080/01621459.2025.2571245>, (sequential) principal component analysis, and robust principal component analysis. The other valuable features such as the best subset of group selection <doi:10.1287/ijoc.2022.1241> and sure independence screening <doi:10.1111/j.1467-9868.2008.00674.x> are also provided.

Statistical and computational method to analyze the co-expression of gene pairs at single cell level. It provides the foundation for single-cell gene interactome analysis. The basic idea is studying the zero UMI counts distribution instead of focusing on positive counts; this is done with a generalized contingency tables framework. COTAN can effectively assess the correlated or anti-correlated expression of gene pairs. It provides a numerical index related to the correlation and an approximate p-value for the associated independence test. COTAN can also evaluate whether single genes are differentially expressed, scoring them with a newly defined global differentiation index. Moreover, this approach provides ways to plot and cluster genes according to their co-expression pattern with other genes, effectively helping the study of gene interactions and becoming a new tool to identify cell-identity marker genes.

Quantification and differential analysis of mass-spectrometry proteomics data, with probabilistic recovery of information from missing values. Avoids the need for imputation. Estimates the detection probability curve (DPC), which relates the probability of successful detection to the underlying log-intensity of each precursor ion, and uses it to incorporate missing values into protein quantification and into subsequent differential expression analyses. The package produces objects suitable for downstream analysis in limma. The package accepts precursor (or peptide) intensities including missing values and produces complete protein quantifications without the need for imputation. The uncertainty of the protein quantifications is propagated through to the limma analyses using variance modeling and precision weights, ensuring accurate error rate control. The analysis pipeline can alternatively work with PTM or protein level data. The package name "limpa" is an acronym for "Linear Models for Proteomics Data".

Detects and quantifies differential item functioning (DIF) in AI-scored educational and psychological assessments. Provides a fully self-contained robust DIF engine (M-estimation via iteratively re-weighted least squares with the bi-square loss), cross-checked against the reference implementation in robustDIF', alongside the Differential AI Scoring Bias (DASB) test, which detects item-level scoring shifts that differ across subgroups when comparing human and AI scoring conditions. Supports independent and paired scoring designs, including a bootstrap estimator of the cross-condition covariance that paired designs require, a one-call workflow from raw item scores through mirt calibration, robust linking of the cross-condition contrast, bootstrap standard errors, multiplicity control, simulation of paired human and AI item scores, anchor weight diagnostics, and an AI-effect classification framework. Methods follow Halpin (2024) <doi:10.1007/s11336-024-09957-6>.

Salmonella enterica is a major cause of bacterial food-borne disease worldwide. Serotype identification is the most commonly used typing method to characterize Salmonella isolates. However, experimental serotyping needs great cost on manpower and resources. Recently, we found that the newly incorporated spacer in the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) could serve as an effective marker for typing of Salmonella. It was further revealed by Li et. al (2014) <doi:10.1128/JCM.00696-14> that recognized types based on the combination of two newly incorporated spacer in both CRISPR loci showed high accordance with serotypes. Here, we developed an R package CSESA to predict the serotype based on this finding. Considering itâ s time saving and of high accuracy, we recommend to predict the serotypes of unknown Salmonella isolates using CSESA before doing the traditional serotyping.

This package provides versioned storage for tabular data without a database or a server. Each table is written as an immutable, content-addressed version -- identical content is detected and stored only once -- while its version history and metadata are kept as code in a git repository and the data itself in a local filesystem or cloud object storage ('S3'). Any past version can be read back exactly by its identifier, and each table records the sources it was derived from, so a project carries full data lineage. A lightweight reader role retrieves current or historical data from storage alone, without git or write access, giving downstream analyses and pipelines a single versioned source of truth. It targets analytical and scientific data management, such as preparing clinical study datasets, and is designed as a foundation for higher-level governance tooling.

This package provides a brms'-like interface for fitting Bayesian regression models using INLA (Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations) and TMB (Template Model Builder). The package offers faster model fitting while maintaining familiar brms syntax and output formats. Supports fixed and mixed effects models, multiple probability distributions, conditional effects plots, and posterior predictive checks with summary methods compatible with brms'. TMB integration provides fast ordinal regression capabilities. Implements methods adapted from emmeans for marginal means estimation and bayestestR for Bayesian inference assessment. Methods are based on Rue et al. (2009) <doi:10.1111/j.1467-9868.2008.00700.x>, Kristensen et al. (2016) <doi:10.18637/jss.v070.i05>, Lenth (2016) <doi:10.18637/jss.v069.i01>, Bürkner (2017) <doi:10.18637/jss.v080.i01>, Makowski et al. (2019) <doi:10.21105/joss.01541>, and Kruschke (2014, ISBN:9780124058880).

This package provides a toolbox for Sequential Probability Ratio Tests (SPRT) based on Wald (1945) <doi:10.2134/agronj1947.00021962003900070011x>. SPRTs are applied during the sampling process, ideally after each observation, and at every stage return a decision to either continue sampling or terminate and accept one of the specified hypotheses. The `seq_ttest()` function performs one-sample, two-sample, and paired t-tests for one- and two-sided hypotheses (Schnuerch & Erdfelder (2019) <doi:10.1037/met0000234>). The `seq_anova()` function performs a sequential one-way fixed effects ANOVA (Steinhilber et al. (2024) <doi:10.1037/met0000677>). The `plan_sample_size()` function helps plan sequential studies by simulating required sample sizes across a range of effect sizes. For more information, see the vignettes browseVignettes(package = "sprtt") or the package website <https://meikesteinhilber.github.io/sprtt/>.

Cell clustering is one of the most important and commonly performed tasks in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis. An important step in cell clustering is to select a subset of genes (referred to as “features”), whose expression patterns will then be used for downstream clustering. A good set of features should include the ones that distinguish different cell types, and the quality of such set could have significant impact on the clustering accuracy. FEAST is an R library for selecting most representative features before performing the core of scRNA-seq clustering. It can be used as a plug-in for the etablished clustering algorithms such as SC3, TSCAN, SHARP, SIMLR, and Seurat. The core of FEAST algorithm includes three steps: 1. consensus clustering; 2. gene-level significance inference; 3. validation of an optimized feature set.