Within epidemic outbreaks, infections grow and decline differently between regions, and the velocity of spatial spread differs between countries. The swash library offers a set of model-based analyses for these topics. Spread velocity may be analysed with the Swash-Backwash Model of the Single Epidemic Wave by Cliff and Haggett (2006) <doi:10.1007/s10109-006-0027-8> and corresponding functions for bootstrap confidence intervals, country comparison, and visualization of results. Differences in epidemic growth between regions may be analysed using logistic growth models, exponential growth models, Hawkes processes and breakpoint analyses. Cluster and hotspot analyses can be conducted using neighborhood matrices. See Wieland (2020) <doi:10.18335/region.v7i2.324> for an application of some of the mentioned analysis methods. All functionalities are accessed by the class "infpan" for infections panel data defined in this package, which is built from a data.frame provided by the user.

Gaze data from the Visual World Paradigm requires significant preprocessing prior to plotting and analyzing the data. This package provides functions for preparing visual world eye-tracking data for statistical analysis and plotting. It can prepare data for linear analyses (e.g., ANOVA, Gaussian-family LMER, Gaussian-family GAMM) as well as logistic analyses (e.g., binomial-family LMER and binomial-family GAMM). Additionally, it contains various plotting functions for creating grand average and conditional average plots. See the vignette for samples of the functionality. Currently, the functions in this package are designed for handling data collected with SR Research Eyelink eye trackers using Sample Reports created in SR Research Data Viewer. While we would like to add functionality for data collected with other systems in the future, the current package is considered to be feature-complete; further updates will mainly entail maintenance and the addition of minor functionality.

This package provides analysis tools for big data where the sample size is very large. It offers a suite of functions for fitting and predicting joint models, which allow for the simultaneous analysis of longitudinal and time-to-event data. This statistical methodology is particularly useful in medical research where there is often interest in understanding the relationship between a longitudinal biomarker and a clinical outcome, such as survival or disease progression. This can be particularly useful in a clinical setting where it is important to be able to predict how a patient's health status may change over time. Overall, this package provides a comprehensive set of tools for joint modeling of BIG data obtained as survival and longitudinal outcomes with both Bayesian and non-Bayesian approaches. Its versatility and flexibility make it a valuable resource for researchers in many different fields, particularly in the medical and health sciences.

An extensible expectation-maximization (EM) framework for finite mixtures of quantile regressions (clusterwise / mixture-of-experts quantile regression). A single EM substrate with an engine/extension contract carries a family of capabilities: the core free-weight mixture of Wu and Yao (2016) <doi:10.1016/j.csda.2014.04.014> -- a fast asymmetric-Laplace path and the nonparametric kernel-density EM with components constrained to have their tau-quantile equal to zero (Hall and Presnell 1999 device); expectile and M-quantile component-loss families (Newey and Powell 1987; Breckling and Chambers 1988); component-specific penalized variable selection (SCAD / adaptive-LASSO, the quantile analogue of Khalili and Chen 2007); and joint multi-quantile estimation with a shared latent classification and non-crossing component curves. Provides classification-aware standard errors (sparsity and stochastic-EM multiple imputation), multi-start estimation, component-count selection, and prediction. The companion package mixqrgate adds location-varying gating.

High-quality real-world data can be transformed into scientific real-world evidence for regulatory and healthcare decision-making using proven analytical methods and techniques. For example, propensity score (PS) methodology can be applied to select a subset of real-world data containing patients that are similar to those in the current clinical study in terms of baseline covariates, and to stratify the selected patients together with those in the current study into more homogeneous strata. Then, statistical methods such as the power prior approach or composite likelihood approach can be applied in each stratum to draw inference for the parameters of interest. This package provides functions that implement the PS-integrated real-world evidence analysis methods such as Wang et al. (2019) <doi:10.1080/10543406.2019.1657133>, Wang et al. (2020) <doi:10.1080/10543406.2019.1684309>, and Chen et al. (2020) <doi:10.1080/10543406.2020.1730877>.

An advanced, interactive data table and data explorer for R, delivered as a modern, self-contained htmlwidget with a high-performance virtualized grid. ViewR renders Kaggle'-style micro-dashboard column headers complete with data-type badges, mini distribution spark-histograms, and data-completeness (missingness) bars. It provides hover metadata cards, a sliding Data Insights drawer with interactive histograms and Pareto category charts, a multi-condition visual query builder (AND/OR), a column visibility picker, and a reproducible code generator that emits dplyr', base R, and SQL that matches the active filter and column state. The interface is implemented entirely in dependency-free vanilla JavaScript (no React or build toolchain) and works in the RStudio'/'Positron Viewer, inside Shiny apps, in R Markdown'/'Quarto', or as a portable standalone HTML file. A single call to viewr() opens the explorer; the legacy Shiny'-gadget ViewR() editor remains available.

Composite Kernel Machine Regression based on Likelihood Ratio Test (CKLRT): in this package, we develop a kernel machine regression framework to model the overall genetic effect of a SNP-set, considering the possible GE interaction. Specifically, we use a composite kernel to specify the overall genetic effect via a nonparametric function and we model additional covariates parametrically within the regression framework. The composite kernel is constructed as a weighted average of two kernels, one corresponding to the genetic main effect and one corresponding to the GE interaction effect. We propose a likelihood ratio test (LRT) and a restricted likelihood ratio test (RLRT) for statistical significance. We derive a Monte Carlo approach for the finite sample distributions of LRT and RLRT statistics. (N. Zhao, H. Zhang, J. Clark, A. Maity, M. Wu. Composite Kernel Machine Regression based on Likelihood Ratio Test with Application for Combined Genetic and Gene-environment Interaction Effect (Submitted).).

In a clinical trial with repeated measures designs, outcomes are often taken from subjects at fixed time-points. The focus of the trial may be to compare the mean outcome in two or more groups at some pre-specified time after enrollment. In the presence of missing data auxiliary assumptions are necessary to perform such comparisons. One commonly employed assumption is the missing at random assumption (MAR). The samon package allows the user to perform a (parameterized) sensitivity analysis of this assumption. In particular it can be used to examine the sensitivity of tests in the difference in outcomes to violations of the MAR assumption. The sensitivity analysis can be performed under two scenarios, a) where the data exhibit a monotone missing data pattern (see the samon() function), and, b) where in addition to a monotone missing data pattern the data exhibit intermittent missing values (see the samonIM() function).

This package implements data-driven identification methods for structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) models as described in Lange et al. (2021) <doi:10.18637/jss.v097.i05>. Based on an existing VAR model object (provided by e.g. VAR() from the vars package), the structural impact matrix is obtained via data-driven identification techniques (i.e. changes in volatility (Rigobon, R. (2003) <doi:10.1162/003465303772815727>), patterns of GARCH (Normadin, M., Phaneuf, L. (2004) <doi:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2003.11.002>), independent component analysis (Matteson, D. S, Tsay, R. S., (2013) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2016.1150851>), least dependent innovations (Herwartz, H., Ploedt, M., (2016) <doi:10.1016/j.jimonfin.2015.11.001>), smooth transition in variances (Luetkepohl, H., Netsunajev, A. (2017) <doi:10.1016/j.jedc.2017.09.001>) or non-Gaussian maximum likelihood (Lanne, M., Meitz, M., Saikkonen, P. (2017) <doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2016.06.002>)).

Assume that a temporal process is composed of contiguous segments with differing slopes and replicated noise-corrupted time series measurements are observed. The unknown mean of the data generating process is modelled as a piecewise linear function of time with an unknown number of change-points. The package infers the joint posterior distribution of the number and position of change-points as well as the unknown mean parameters per time-series by MCMC sampling. A-priori, the proposed model uses an overfitting number of mean parameters but, conditionally on a set of change-points, only a subset of them influences the likelihood. An exponentially decreasing prior distribution on the number of change-points gives rise to a posterior distribution concentrating on sparse representations of the underlying sequence, but also available is the Poisson distribution. See Papastamoulis et al (2019) <doi:10.1515/ijb-2018-0052> for a detailed presentation of the method.

To overcome the memory limitations for fitting linear (LM) and Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) to large data sets, this package implements the Divide and Recombine (D&R) strategy. It basically divides the entire large data set into suitable subsets manageable in size and then fits model to each subset. Finally, results from each subset are aggregated to obtain the final estimate. This package also supports fitting GLMs to data sets that cannot fit into memory and provides methods for fitting GLMs under linear regression, binomial regression, Poisson regression, and multinomial logistic regression settings. Respective models are fitted using different D&R strategies as described by: Xi, Lin, and Chen (2009) <doi:10.1109/TKDE.2008.186>, Xi, Lin and Chen (2006) <doi:10.1109/TKDE.2006.196>, Zuo and Li (2018) <doi:10.4236/ojs.2018.81003>, Karim, M.R., Islam, M.A. (2019) <doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9776-9>.

Helps find meaningful patterns in complex genetic experiments. First gimap takes data from paired CRISPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) screens that has been pre-processed to counts table of paired gRNA (guide Ribonucleic Acid) reads. The input data will have cell counts for how well cells grow (or don't grow) when different genes or pairs of genes are disabled. The output of the gimap package is genetic interaction scores which are the distance between the observed CRISPR score and the expected CRISPR score. The expected CRISPR scores are what we expect for the CRISPR values to be for two unrelated genes. The further away an observed CRISPR score is from its expected score the more we suspect genetic interaction. The work in this package is based off of original research from the Alice Berger lab at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (2021) <doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109597>.

Projects mean squared out-of-sample error for a linear regression based upon the methodology developed in Rohlfs (2022) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2209.01493>. It consumes as inputs the lm object from an estimated OLS regression (based on the "training sample") and a data.frame of out-of-sample cases (the "test sample") that have non-missing values for the same predictors. The test sample may or may not include data on the outcome variable; if it does, that variable is not used. The aim of the exercise is to project what what mean squared out-of-sample error can be expected given the predictor values supplied in the test sample. Output consists of a list of three elements: the projected mean squared out-of-sample error, the projected out-of-sample R-squared, and a vector of out-of-sample "hat" or "leverage" values, as defined in the paper.

This package provides a fast and consistent general-purpose wrapper for arranging microdata and generating interactive and static visualizations. Offers a library of graphical functions with a highly configurable and simple syntax. Features include HTML tables, time series, bar and pie charts, and maps supported by various JavaScript libraries. Allows seamless transitions between interactive and static graphics without changing the core syntax. Originally developed to standardize the publication of official statistics at the National University of Colombia <https://unal.edu.co>. Spanish: Proporciona una herramienta de propósito general rápida y consistente para organizar microdatos y generar visualizaciones interactivas y estáticas. Ofrece una biblioteca de funciones gráficas con una sintaxis simple y altamente configurable. Permite transiciones fluidas entre gráficos interactivos y estáticos sin cambiar la sintaxis base. Desarrollado originalmente para estandarizar la publicación de estadà sticas oficiales en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia <https://unal.edu.co>.

This package performs Bayesian nonparametric density estimation using Martingale posterior distributions including the Copula Resampling (CopRe) algorithm. Also included are a Gibbs sampler for the marginal Gibbs-type mixture model and an extension to include full uncertainty quantification via a predictive sequence resampling (SeqRe) algorithm. The CopRe and SeqRe samplers generate random nonparametric distributions as output, leading to complete nonparametric inference on posterior summaries. Routines for calculating arbitrary functionals from the sampled distributions are included as well as an important algorithm for finding the number and location of modes, which can then be used to estimate the clusters in the data using, for example, k-means. Implements work developed in Moya B., Walker S. G. (2022). <doi:10.48550/arxiv.2206.08418>, Fong, E., Holmes, C., Walker, S. G. (2021) <doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.15671>, and Escobar M. D., West, M. (1995) <doi:10.1080/01621459.1995.10476550>.

Analysis of elliptical tubes with applications in biological modeling. The package is based on the references: Taheri, M., Pizer, S. M., & Schulz, J. (2024) "The Mean Shape under the Relative Curvature Condition." Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics <doi:10.1080/10618600.2025.2535600> and arXiv <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2404.01043>. Mohsen Taheri Shalmani (2024) "Shape Statistics via Skeletal Structures", PhD Thesis, University of Stavanger, Norway <doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.34500.23685>. Key features include constructing discrete elliptical tubes, calculating transformations, validating structures under the Relative Curvature Condition (RCC), computing means, and generating simulations. Supports intrinsic and non-intrinsic mean calculations and transformations, size estimation, plotting, and random sample generation based on a reference tube. The intrinsic approach relies on the interior path of the original non-convex space, incorporating the RCC, while the non-intrinsic approach uses a basic robotic arm transformation that disregards the RCC.

Patients Mental Health (MH) status, Substance Use (SU) status, and concurrent MH/SU status in the American/Canadian Healthcare Administrative Databases can be identified. The detection is based on given parameters of interest by clinicians including the list of plausible ICD MH/SU codes (3/4/5 characters), the required number of visits of hospital for MH/SU , the required number of visits of service physicians for MH/SU, and the maximum time span within MH visits, within SU visits, and, between MH and SU visits. Methods are described in: Khan S <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29044442/>, Keen C, et al. (2021) <doi:10.1111/add.15580>, Lavergne MR, et al. (2022) <doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07759-z>, Casillas, S M, et al. (2022) <doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100464>, CIHI (2022) <https://www.cihi.ca/en>, CDC (2024) <https://www.cdc.gov>, WHO (2019) <https://icd.who.int/en>.

This package provides generalized L-moments estimation methods for the generalized extreme value ('GEV') distribution. Implements both stationary GEV and non-stationary GEV11 models where location and scale parameters vary with time. Includes various penalty functions (Martins-Stedinger, Park, Cannon, Coles-Dixon) for shape parameter regularization. Also provides model averaging estimation ('ma.gev') that combines MLE and L-moment methods with multiple weighting schemes for robust high quantile estimation. The GLME methodology is described in Shin et al. (2025a) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2512.20385>. The non-stationary L-moment method is based on Shin et al. (2025b) <doi:10.1007/s42952-025-00325-3>. The model averaging method is described in Shin et al. (2026) <doi:10.1007/s00477-025-03167-x>. See also Hosking (1990) <doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1990.tb01775.x> for L-moments theory and Martins and Stedinger (2000) <doi:10.1029/1999WR900330> for penalized likelihood methods.

Companion package of Carrion-i-Silvestre & Sansó (2026): "Testing for Constant Unconditional Variance in Heavy-Tailed Time Series". It implements the Modified Iterative Cumulative Sum of Squares Algorithm, which is an extension of the Iterative Cumulative Sum of Squares (ICSS) Algorithm of Inclan and Tiao (1994), and it checks for changes in the unconditional variance of a time series controlling for the tail index of the underlying distribution. The fourth order moment is estimated non-parametrically to avoid the size problems when the innovations are non-Gaussian (see, Sansó et al., 2004). Critical values and p-values are generated using a Generalized Extreme Value distribution approach. References Carrion-i-Silvestre J.J & Sansó A (2026) <doi:10.1080/03610918.2026.2615207>. Inclan C & Tiao G.C (1994) <doi:10.1080/01621459.1994.10476824>, Sansó A & Aragó V & Carrion-i-Silvestre J.L (2004) <https://dspace.uib.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11201/152078/524035.pdf>.

This package creates geographic map tiles from geospatial map files or non-geographic map tiles from simple image files. This package provides a tile generator function for creating map tile sets for use with packages such as leaflet'. In addition to generating map tiles based on a common raster layer source, it also handles the non-geographic edge case, producing map tiles from arbitrary images. These map tiles, which have a non-geographic, simple coordinate reference system (CRS), can also be used with leaflet when applying the simple CRS option. Map tiles can be created from an input file with any of the following extensions: tif, grd and nc for spatial maps and png, jpg and bmp for basic images. This package requires Python and the gdal library for Python'. Windows users are recommended to install OSGeo4W (<https://trac.osgeo.org/osgeo4w/>) as an easy way to obtain the required gdal support for Python'.

The genetic algorithm can be used directly to find the similarity of users and more effectively to increase the efficiency of the collaborative filtering method. By identifying the nearest neighbors to the active user, before the genetic algorithm, and by identifying suitable starting points, an effective method for user-based collaborative filtering method has been developed. This package uses an optimization algorithm (continuous genetic algorithm) to directly find the optimal similarities between active users (users for whom current recommendations are made) and others. First, by determining the nearest neighbor and their number, the number of genes in a chromosome is determined. Each gene represents the neighbor's similarity to the active user. By estimating the starting points of the genetic algorithm, it quickly converges to the optimal solutions. The positive point is the independence of the genetic algorithm on the number of data that for big data is an effective help in solving the problem.

This package provides tools to conduct Bayesian multivariate network meta-analysis providing - the single correlation coefficient model by Efthimiou et al. (2015) <doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxu030>; - per-outcome consistency checks using the node-splitting method (Dias et al., 2010) <doi:10.1002/sim.3767>; - per-outcome treatment hierarchies using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA), the probability of best value, or median (or mean) ranks (Salanti et al., 2011) <doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.03.016>; - across-outcomes benefit-risk assessment using the ViÅ¡eKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno ReÅ¡enje (VIKOR) method (Opricovic & Tzeng, 2004) <doi:10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00020-1>; - convergence checks using trace plots, density plots, or the R-hat statistic; - forest plots of treatment estimates and consistency checks, scatter plots of per-outcome rankings, Hasse diagrams (Carlsen & Bruggemann, 2014) <doi:10.1002/cem.2569> to visualize the partial order of the treatments across all outcomes.

This package provides a simulation-based tool made to help researchers to become familiar with multilevel variations, and to build up sampling designs for their study. This tool has two main objectives: First, it provides an educational tool useful for students, teachers and researchers who want to learn to use mixed-effects models. Users can experience how the mixed-effects model framework can be used to understand distinct biological phenomena by interactively exploring simulated multilevel data. Second, it offers research opportunities to those who are already familiar with mixed-effects models, as it enables the generation of data sets that users may download and use for a range of simulation-based statistical analyses such as power and sensitivity analysis of multilevel and multivariate data [Allegue, H., Araya-Ajoy, Y.G., Dingemanse, N.J., Dochtermann N.A., Garamszegi, L.Z., Nakagawa, S., Reale, D., Schielzeth, H. and Westneat, D.F. (2016) <doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12659>].

Fit multiclass Classification version of Bayesian Adaptive Smoothing Splines (CBASS) to data using reversible jump MCMC. The multiclass classification problem consists of a response variable that takes on unordered categorical values with at least three levels, and a set of inputs for each response variable. The CBASS model consists of a latent multivariate probit formulation, and the means of the latent Gaussian random variables are specified using adaptive regression splines. The MCMC alternates updates of the latent Gaussian variables and the spline parameters. All the spline parameters (variables, signs, knots, number of interactions), including the number of basis functions used to model each latent mean, are inferred. Functions are provided to process inputs, initialize the chain, run the chain, and make predictions. Predictions are made on a probabilistic basis, where, for a given input, the probabilities of each categorical value are produced. See Marrs and Francom (2023) "Multiclass classification using Bayesian multivariate adaptive regression splines" Under review.