Computes predicted values and lower/upper limits of normal for pulmonary function tests according to American Thoracic Society ('ATS') and European Respiratory Society ('ERS') reference standards. Supports spirometry (Global Lung Function Initiative GLI 2012, Quanjer et al. (2012) <doi:10.1183/09031936.00080312>; and the race-neutral GLI 2022 / GLI Global equations, Bowerman et al. (2023) <doi:10.1164/rccm.202205-0963OC>), static lung volumes ('GLI 2021, Hall et al. (2021) <doi:10.1183/13993003.00289-2020>), and the carbon monoxide transfer factor / diffusion capacity ('GLI 2017, Stanojevic et al. (2017) <doi:10.1183/13993003.00010-2017>, including the 2020 author correction <doi:10.1183/13993003.50010-2017>). Also assigns interpretive pattern labels (Normal, Non-specific, Obstructed, Restricted, Mixed) from spirometry and lung-volume measurements following the ERS'/'ATS 2022 interpretation algorithm, Stanojevic et al. (2022) <doi:10.1183/13993003.01499-2021>.

This package provides several methods for computing the Quantile Treatment Effect (QTE) and Quantile Treatment Effect on the Treated (QTT). The main cases covered are (i) treatment is randomly assigned, (ii) treatment is as good as randomly assigned after conditioning on covariates (selection on observables) using the methods of Firpo (2007) <doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00738.x>, and (iii) identification is based on a Difference in Differences assumption, with support for several varieties including Athey and Imbens (2006) <doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00668.x>, Callaway and Li (2019) <doi:10.3982/QE935>, and Callaway, Li, and Oka (2018) <doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2018.06.008>. Version 2.0 adds a unified staggered treatment adoption API (built on ptetools') for all DiD-based estimators, as well as a new lagged-outcome unconfoundedness estimator ('lou_qtt').

ANOVA and REML estimation of linear mixed models is implemented, once following Searle et al. (1991, ANOVA for unbalanced data), once making use of the lme4 package. The primary objective of this package is to perform a variance component analysis (VCA) according to CLSI EP05-A3 guideline "Evaluation of Precision of Quantitative Measurement Procedures" (2014). There are plotting methods for visualization of an experimental design, plotting random effects and residuals. For ANOVA type estimation two methods for computing ANOVA mean squares are implemented (SWEEP and quadratic forms). The covariance matrix of variance components can be derived, which is used in estimating confidence intervals. Linear hypotheses of fixed effects and LS means can be computed. LS means can be computed at specific values of covariables and with custom weighting schemes for factor variables. See ?VCA for a more comprehensive description of the features.

Implementation of the Dual Feature Reduction (DFR) approach for the Sparse Group Lasso (SGL) and the Adaptive Sparse Group Lasso (aSGL) (Feser and Evangelou (2024) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2405.17094>). The DFR approach is a feature reduction approach that applies strong screening to reduce the feature space before optimisation, leading to speed-up improvements for fitting SGL (Simon et al. (2013) <doi:10.1080/10618600.2012.681250>) and aSGL (Mendez-Civieta et al. (2020) <doi:10.1007/s11634-020-00413-8> and Poignard (2020) <doi:10.1007/s10463-018-0692-7>) models. DFR is implemented using the Adaptive Three Operator Splitting (ATOS) (Pedregosa and Gidel (2018) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.1804.02339>) algorithm, with linear and logistic SGL models supported, both of which can be fit using k-fold cross-validation. Dense and sparse input matrices are supported.

Maximum likelihood estimation for the semi-parametric joint modeling of competing risks and longitudinal data in the presence of heterogeneous within-subject variability, proposed by Li and colleagues (2023) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.12741>. The proposed method models the within-subject variability of the biomarker and associates it with the risk of the competing risks event. The time-to-event data is modeled using a (cause-specific) Cox proportional hazards regression model with time-fixed covariates. The longitudinal outcome is modeled using a mixed-effects location and scale model. The association is captured by shared random effects. The model is estimated using an Expectation Maximization algorithm. This is the final release of the JMH package. Active development has been moved to the FastJM package, which provides improved functionality and ongoing support. Users are strongly encouraged to transition to FastJM'.

This package provides a comprehensive set of tools for working with order statistics, including functions for simulating order statistics, censored samples (Type I and Type II), and record values from various continuous distributions. Additionally, it offers functions to compute moments (mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis) of order statistics for several continuous distributions. These tools assist researchers and statisticians in understanding and analyzing the properties of order statistics and related data. The methods and algorithms implemented in this package are based on several published works, including Ahsanullah et al (2013, ISBN:9789491216831), Arnold and Balakrishnan (2012, ISBN:1461236444), Harter and Balakrishnan (1996, ISBN:9780849394522), Balakrishnan and Sandhu (1995) <doi:10.1080/00031305.1995.10476150>, Genç (2012) <doi:10.1007/s00362-010-0320-y>, Makouei et al (2021) <doi:10.1016/j.cam.2021.113386> and Nagaraja (2013) <doi:10.1016/j.spl.2013.06.028>.

Network meta-analysis tools based on contrast-based approach using the multivariate meta-analysis and meta-regression models (Noma et al. (2025) <doi:10.1101/2025.09.15.25335823>). Comprehensive analysis tools for network meta-analysis and meta-regression (e.g., synthesis analysis, ranking analysis, and creating league table) are available through simple commands. For inconsistency assessment, the local and global inconsistency tests based on the Higgins design-by-treatment interaction model are available. In addition, the side-splitting methods and Jackson's random inconsistency model can be applied. Standard graphical tools for network meta-analysis, including network plots, ranked forest plots, and transitivity analyses, are also provided. For the synthesis analyses, the Noma-Hamura's improved REML (restricted maximum likelihood)-based methods (Noma et al. (2023) <doi:10.1002/jrsm.1652> <doi:10.1002/jrsm.1651>) are adopted as the default methods.

Generates generalized covariate field (GCF) variables from spatial covariates observed at projected coordinates, and selects a stable subset of them for geospatial prediction. For each input covariate the method builds spatial-pattern features (local indicator of spatial association, local Geary's c, log local variance, rank quantile entropy, geocomplexity, log scale variance, local variogram exponent, and signed z-score and median absolute deviation outlier strengths over a series of buffer radii) and neighbourhood-distribution features (buffer-wise quantiles of the covariate values surrounding each location), reduces the buffer and quantile sweeps to a compact set of interpretable functional summaries, and selects variables by random forest importance combined with spatial-block stability resampling and group voting. The GCF method is positioned as prediction-oriented feature construction: its output feeds any downstream regression learner. Methods are described in Song (2026) <doi:10.1080/13658816.2026.2729719>.

Computing package for Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) using Alkire-Foster method. Given N individuals, each person has D indicators of deprivation, the package compute MPI value to represent the degree of poverty in a population. The inputs are 1) an N by D matrix, which has the element (i,j) represents whether an individual i is deprived in an indicator j (1 is deprived and 0 is not deprived), and 2) the deprivation threshold. The main output is the MPI value, which has the range between zero and one. MPI value is approaching one if almost all people are deprived in all indicators, and it is approaching zero if almost no people are deprived in any indicator. Please see Alkire S., Chatterjee, M., Conconi, A., Seth, S. and Ana Vaz (2014) <doi:10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii039> for The Alkire-Foster methodology.

This package performs parametric and non-parametric estimation and simulation for multi-state discrete-time semi-Markov processes. For the parametric estimation, several discrete distributions are considered for the sojourn times: Uniform, Geometric, Poisson, Discrete Weibull and Negative Binomial. The non-parametric estimation concerns the sojourn time distributions, where no assumptions are done on the shape of distributions. Moreover, the estimation can be done on the basis of one or several sample paths, with or without censoring at the beginning or/and at the end of the sample paths. The implemented methods are described in Barbu, V.S., Limnios, N. (2008) <doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73173-5>, Barbu, V.S., Limnios, N. (2008) <doi:10.1080/10485250701261913> and Trevezas, S., Limnios, N. (2011) <doi:10.1080/10485252.2011.555543>. Estimation and simulation of discrete-time k-th order Markov chains are also considered.

Paired mass distance (PMD) analysis proposed in Yu, Olkowicz and Pawliszyn (2018) <doi:10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.062> and PMD based reactomics analysis proposed in Yu and Petrick (2020) <doi:10.1038/s42004-020-00403-z> for gas/liquid chromatographyâ mass spectrometry (GC/LC-MS) based non-targeted analysis. PMD analysis including GlobalStd algorithm and structure/reaction directed analysis. GlobalStd algorithm could found independent peaks in m/z-retention time profiles based on retention time hierarchical cluster analysis and frequency analysis of paired mass distances within retention time groups. Structure directed analysis could be used to find potential relationship among those independent peaks in different retention time groups based on frequency of paired mass distances. Reactomics analysis could also be performed to build PMD network, assign sources and make biomarker reaction discovery. GUIs for PMD analysis is also included as shiny applications.

This package performs linear regression with respect to a data-driven convex loss function that is chosen to minimize the asymptotic covariance of the resulting M-estimator. The convex loss function is estimated in 5 steps: (1) form an initial OLS (ordinary least squares) or LAD (least absolute deviation) estimate of the regression coefficients; (2) use the resulting residuals to obtain a kernel estimator of the error density; (3) estimate the score function of the errors by differentiating the logarithm of the kernel density estimate; (4) compute the L2 projection of the estimated score function onto the set of decreasing functions; (5) take a negative antiderivative of the projected score function estimate. Newton's method (with Hessian modification) is then used to minimize the convex empirical risk function. Further details of the method are given in Feng et al. (2024) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2403.16688>.

This package provides a likelihood-based hypothesis testing approach is implemented for assessing causal mediation. Described in Millstein, Chen, and Breton (2016), <DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw135>, it could be used to test for mediation of a known causal association between a DNA variant, the instrumental variable', and a clinical outcome or phenotype by gene expression or DNA methylation, the potential mediator. Another example would be testing mediation of the effect of a drug on a clinical outcome by the molecular target. The hypothesis test generates a p-value or permutation-based FDR value with confidence intervals to quantify uncertainty in the causal inference. The outcome can be represented by either a continuous or binary variable, the potential mediator is continuous, and the instrumental variable can be continuous or binary and is not limited to a single variable but may be a design matrix representing multiple variables.

This package provides tools for the processing, segmentation, and analysis of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS and MLS) forest point-cloud data. The package provides fast voxel-based processing, classification of point clouds into forest floor, understory, canopy, and woody components, and algorithms for single-tree analysis and structural characterization. Methods are designed to handle large and dense point-cloud datasets efficiently, supporting applications in forest structure assessment, connectivity analysis, and fire-risk evaluation. Input data are provided as .xyz', .txt', .las', or .laz point-cloud files. The circle-fitting routines used for diameter estimation are adapted, in base R, from the conicfit package (GPL-3) by Jose Gama, based on the original algorithms and code by Nikolai Chernov. For methodological details, see Ferrara and Arrizza (2025) <https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14243/533471> and Ferrara et al. (2018) <doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.04.008>.

Collective matrix factorization (CMF) finds joint low-rank representations for a collection of matrices with shared row or column entities. This code learns a variational Bayesian approximation for CMF, supporting multiple likelihood potentials and missing data, while identifying both factors shared by multiple matrices and factors private for each matrix. For further details on the method see Klami et al. (2014) <arXiv:1312.5921>. The package can also be used to learn Bayesian canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and group factor analysis (GFA) models, both of which are special cases of CMF. This is likely to be useful for people looking for CCA and GFA solutions supporting missing data and non-Gaussian likelihoods. See Klami et al. (2013) <https://research.cs.aalto.fi/pml/online-papers/klami13a.pdf> and Virtanen et al. (2012) <http://proceedings.mlr.press/v22/virtanen12.html> for details on Bayesian CCA and GFA, respectively.

General P-splines are non-uniform B-splines penalized by a general difference penalty, proposed by Li and Cao (2022) <arXiv:2201.06808>. Constructible on arbitrary knots, they extend the standard P-splines of Eilers and Marx (1996) <doi:10.1214/ss/1038425655>. They are also related to the O-splines of O'Sullivan (1986) <doi:10.1214/ss/1177013525> via a sandwich formula that links a general difference penalty to a derivative penalty. The package includes routines for setting up and handling difference and derivative penalties. It also fits P-splines and O-splines to (x, y) data (optionally weighted) for a grid of smoothing parameter values in the automatic search intervals of Li and Cao (2023) <doi:10.1007/s11222-022-10178-z>. It aims to facilitate other packages to implement P-splines or O-splines as a smoothing tool in their model estimation framework.

Fetch Australian Clean Energy Regulator data on carbon credits, safeguard mechanism facilities, renewable energy certificates, and greenhouse gas reporting. Provides tidy access to the Australian Carbon Credit Unit ('ACCU') Scheme project register, Safeguard Mechanism baselines and covered emissions, Large-scale Renewable Energy Target ('LRET') power station accreditations, Small-scale Renewable Energy Scheme ('SRES') installation data, the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting ('NGER') scheme, and Quarterly Carbon Market Reports <https://cer.gov.au/markets/reports-and-data>. Includes a post-Chubb ACCU integrity layer (Chubb 2022 Independent Review), Safeguard reform handling (declining industry baselines from July 2023), National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting scope discipline (Scope 1 / Scope 2 market vs location / Climate Active), reconciliation against the Quarterly Carbon Market Report, and reproducibility helpers (snapshot pinning, SHA-256 cache integrity, session manifest, optional Zenodo deposit). Data is published by the Clean Energy Regulator under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.

This package implements the doubly robust distribution balancing weighting proposed by Katsumata (2024) <doi:10.1017/psrm.2024.23>, which improves the augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW) by estimating propensity scores with estimating equations suitable for the pre-specified parameter of interest (e.g., the average treatment effects or the average treatment effects on the treated) and estimating outcome models with the estimated inverse probability weights. It also implements the covariate balancing propensity score proposed by Imai and Ratkovic (2014) <doi:10.1111/rssb.12027> and the entropy balancing weighting proposed by Hainmueller (2012) <doi:10.1093/pan/mpr025>, both of which use covariate balancing conditions in propensity score estimation. The point estimate of the parameter of interest and its uncertainty as well as coefficients for propensity score estimation and outcome regression are produced using the M-estimation. The same functions can be used to estimate average outcomes in missing outcome cases.

Index of Multiple Deprivation for UK nations at various geographical levels. In England, deprivation data is for Lower Layer Super Output Areas, Middle Layer Super Output Areas, Wards, and Local Authorities based on data from <https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2019>. In Wales, deprivation data is for Lower Layer Super Output Areas, Middle Layer Super Output Areas, Wards, and Local Authorities based on data from <https://gov.wales/welsh-index-multiple-deprivation-full-index-update-ranks-2019>. In Scotland, deprivation data is for Data Zones, Intermediate Zones, and Council Areas based on data from <https://simd.scot>. In Northern Ireland, deprivation data is for Super Output Areas and Local Government Districts based on data from <https://www.nisra.gov.uk/statistics/deprivation/northern-ireland-multiple-deprivation-measure-2017-nimdm2017>. The IMD package also provides the composite UK index developed by <https://github.com/mysociety/composite_uk_imd>.

Accumulated Local Effects (ALE) were initially developed as a model-agnostic approach for global explanations of the results of black-box machine learning algorithms. ALE has a key advantage over other approaches like partial dependency plots (PDP) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP): its values represent a clean functional decomposition of the model. As such, ALE values are not affected by the presence or absence of interactions among variables in a mode. Moreover, its computation is relatively rapid. This package reimplements the algorithms for calculating ALE data and develops highly interpretable visualizations for plotting these ALE values. It also extends the original ALE concept to add bootstrap-based confidence intervals and ALE-based statistics that can be used for statistical inference. For more details, see Okoli, Chitu. 2023. â Statistical Inference Using Machine Learning and Classical Techniques Based on Accumulated Local Effects (ALE).â arXiv. <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2310.09877>.

Nonparametric efficiency measurement by data envelopment analysis. Provides radial (Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes and Banker-Charnes-Cooper) technical efficiency under constant, variable, non-increasing and non-decreasing returns to scale, the slacks-based measure of Tone (2001), the additive model of Charnes and others (1985), and the directional distance function of Chambers, Chung and Fare (1996), all through one interface and one result object. Efficiency estimates are accompanied by peers, slacks, returns-to-scale classification, scale efficiency and the optimal multipliers, and by bias-corrected estimates and confidence intervals from the smoothed homogeneous bootstrap of Simar and Wilson (1998). Where prices are known, cost, revenue and Nerlovian profit efficiency separate the technical component from the allocative one; where they are not, cross-efficiency with the secondary goals of Doyle and Green (1994) ranks units that a self-appraisal leaves tied. This package succeeds the archived DEA package of Diaz-Martinez and Fernandez-Menendez (2008).

There is no ophthalmic researcher who has not had headaches from the handling of visual acuity entries. Different notations, untidy entries. This shall now be a matter of the past. Eye makes it as easy as pie to work with VA data - easy cleaning, easy conversion between Snellen, logMAR, ETDRS letters, and qualitative visual acuity shall never pester you again. The eye package automates the pesky task to count number of patients and eyes, and can help to clean data with easy re-coding for right and left eyes. It also contains functions to help reshaping eye side specific variables between wide and long format. Visual acuity conversion is based on Schulze-Bonsel et al. (2006) <doi:10.1167/iovs.05-0981>, Gregori et al. (2010) <doi:10.1097/iae.0b013e3181d87e04>, Beck et al. (2003) <doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(02)01825-1> and Bach (2007) <https://michaelbach.de/sci/acuity.html>.

This package provides statistical methods for auditing as implemented in JASP for Audit (Derks et al., 2021 <doi:10.21105/joss.02733>). First, the package makes it easy for an auditor to plan a statistical sample, select the sample from the population, and evaluate the misstatement in the sample compliant with international auditing standards. Second, the package provides statistical methods for auditing data, including tests of digit distributions and repeated values. Finally, the package includes methods for auditing algorithms on the aspect of fairness and bias. Next to classical statistical methodology, the package implements Bayesian equivalents of these methods whose statistical underpinnings are described in Derks et al. (2021) <doi:10.1111/ijau.12240>, Derks et al. (2024) <doi:10.2308/AJPT-2021-086>, Derks et al. (2022) <doi:10.31234/osf.io/8nf3e> Derks et al. (2024) <doi:10.31234/osf.io/tgq5z>, and Derks et al. (2025) <doi:10.31234/osf.io/b8tu2>.

Univariate and multivariate SQC tools that completes and increases the SQC techniques available in R. Apart from integrating different R packages devoted to SQC ('qcc','MSQC'), provides nonparametric tools that are highly useful when Gaussian assumption is not met. This package computes standard univariate control charts for individual measurements, X-bar', S', R', p', np', c', u', EWMA and CUSUM'. In addition, it includes functions to perform multivariate control charts such as Hotelling T2', MEWMA and MCUSUM'. As representative feature, multivariate nonparametric alternatives based on data depth are implemented in this package: r', Q and S control charts. In addition, Phase I and II control charts for functional data are included. This package also allows the estimation of the most complete set of capability indices from first to fourth generation, covering the nonparametric alternatives, and performing the corresponding capability analysis graphical outputs, including the process capability plots. See Flores et al. (2021) <doi:10.32614/RJ-2021-034>.