This package provides a single analysis path that includes distance-based ordination, global tests of any effect of the microbiome, and tests of the effects of individual taxa with false-discovery-rate (FDR) control. It accommodates both continuous and discrete covariates as well as interaction terms to be tested either singly or in combination, allows for adjustment of confounding covariates, and uses permutation-based p-values that can control for sample correlations. It can be applied to transformed data, and an omnibus test can combine results from analyses conducted on different transformation scales. It can also be used for testing presence-absence associations based on infinite number of rarefaction replicates, testing mediation effects of the microbiome, analyzing censored time-to-event outcomes, and for compositional analysis by fitting linear models to centered-log-ratio taxa count data.

This package provides functions for creating ensembles of optimal trees for regression, classification (Khan, Z., Gul, A., Perperoglou, A., Miftahuddin, M., Mahmoud, O., Adler, W., & Lausen, B. (2019). (2019) <doi:10.1007/s11634-019-00364-9>) and class membership probability estimation (Khan, Z, Gul, A, Mahmoud, O, Miftahuddin, M, Perperoglou, A, Adler, W & Lausen, B (2016) <doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25226-1_34>) are given. A few trees are selected from an initial set of trees grown by random forest for the ensemble on the basis of their individual and collective performance. Three different methods of tree selection for the case of classification are given. The prediction functions return estimates of the test responses and their class membership probabilities. Unexplained variations, error rates, confusion matrix, Brier scores, etc. are also returned for the test data.

This package provides clean, tidy access to data published by the Office for Budget Responsibility ('OBR'), the UK's independent fiscal watchdog. Covers the Public Finances Databank (outturn for PSNB, PSND, receipts, and expenditure since 1946), the Historical Official Forecasts Database (every OBR forecast since 2010), the Economic and Fiscal Outlook detailed forecast tables (five-year projections from the latest Budget), the monthly profiles for the public finances (the OBR forecast apportioned across the months of the fiscal year), and the Welfare Trends Report (incapacity benefit spending and caseloads). All returned objects carry provenance metadata recording the source URL, publication vintage, retrieval time, and file fingerprint, so analyses can be audited and reproduced. Data is downloaded from the OBR on first use and cached locally for subsequent calls. Data is sourced from the OBR website <https://obr.uk>.

It brings together several aspects of biodiversity data-cleaning in one place. bdc is organized in thematic modules related to different biodiversity dimensions, including 1) Merge datasets: standardization and integration of different datasets; 2) pre-filter: flagging and removal of invalid or non-interpretable information, followed by data amendments; 3) taxonomy: cleaning, parsing, and harmonization of scientific names from several taxonomic groups against taxonomic databases locally stored through the application of exact and partial matching algorithms; 4) space: flagging of erroneous, suspect, and low-precision geographic coordinates; and 5) time: flagging and, whenever possible, correction of inconsistent collection date. In addition, it contains features to visualize, document, and report data quality â which is essential for making data quality assessment transparent and reproducible. The reference for the methodology is Ribeiro and colleagues (2022) <doi:10.1111/2041-210X.13868>.

Support for fuzzy spatial objects, their operations, and fuzzy spatial inference models based on Spatial Plateau Algebra. It employs fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic as foundation to deal with spatial fuzziness. It mainly implements underlying concepts defined in the following research papers: (i) "Spatial Plateau Algebra: An Executable Type System for Fuzzy Spatial Data Types" <doi:10.1109/FUZZ-IEEE.2018.8491565>; (ii) "A Systematic Approach to Creating Fuzzy Region Objects from Real Spatial Data Sets" <doi:10.1109/FUZZ-IEEE.2019.8858878>; (iii) "Spatial Data Types for Heterogeneously Structured Fuzzy Spatial Collections and Compositions" <doi:10.1109/FUZZ48607.2020.9177620>; (iv) "Fuzzy Inference on Fuzzy Spatial Objects (FIFUS) for Spatial Decision Support Systems" <doi:10.1109/FUZZ-IEEE.2017.8015707>; (v) "Evaluating Region Inference Methods by Using Fuzzy Spatial Inference Models" <doi:10.1109/FUZZ-IEEE55066.2022.9882658>.

Graph signals residing on the vertices of a graph have recently gained prominence in research in various fields. Many methodologies have been proposed to analyze graph signals by adapting classical signal processing tools. Recently, several notable graph signal decomposition methods have been proposed, which include graph Fourier decomposition based on graph Fourier transform, graph empirical mode decomposition, and statistical graph empirical mode decomposition. This package efficiently implements multiscale analysis applicable to various fields, and offers an effective tool for visualizing and decomposing graph signals. For the detailed methodology, see Ortega et al. (2018) <doi:10.1109/JPROC.2018.2820126>, Shuman et al. (2013) <doi:10.1109/MSP.2012.2235192>, Tremblay et al. (2014) <https://www.eurasip.org/Proceedings/Eusipco/Eusipco2014/HTML/papers/1569922141.pdf>, and Cho et al. (2024) "Statistical graph empirical mode decomposition by graph denoising and boundary treatment".

Nonparametric efficiency analysis for pollution-generating technologies under the materials-balance principle. Implements the weak-G-disposability technology of Hampf and Rodseth (2015) <doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2015.04.001>, scored by the minimal-emission programme of Rodseth (2025) <doi:10.1007/s11123-025-00768-0> with its directional representation and five-component decomposition, the by-production intersection technology of Murty, Russell and Levkoff (2012) <doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2012.02.005>, the materials-balance cost model of Coelli, Lauwers and Van Huylenbroeck (2007) <doi:10.1007/s11123-007-0052-8> and a weak-disposability reference model, with a pre-estimation audit of every materials-balance account, metafrontier decompositions, bad-output shadow prices, marginal abatement cost curves, a cross-axiom comparison harness, a global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index and subsampling sensitivity intervals. Estimators are solved with lpSolveAPI'.

Tensor Composition Analysis (TCA) allows the deconvolution of two-dimensional data (features by observations) coming from a mixture of heterogeneous sources into a three-dimensional matrix of signals (features by observations by sources). The TCA framework further allows to test the features in the data for different statistical relations with an outcome of interest while modeling source-specific effects; particularly, it allows to look for statistical relations between source-specific signals and an outcome. For example, TCA can deconvolve bulk tissue-level DNA methylation data (methylation sites by individuals) into a three-dimensional tensor of cell-type-specific methylation levels for each individual (i.e. methylation sites by individuals by cell types) and it allows to detect cell-type-specific statistical relations (associations) with phenotypes. For more details see Rahmani et al. (2019) <DOI:10.1038/s41467-019-11052-9>.

This package provides a set of estimators for models and (robust) covariance matrices, and tests for panel data econometrics, including within/fixed effects, random effects, between, first-difference, nested random effects as well as instrumental-variable (IV) and Hausman-Taylor-style models, panel generalized method of moments (GMM) and general FGLS models, mean groups (MG), demeaned MG, and common correlated effects (CCEMG) and pooled (CCEP) estimators with common factors, variable coefficients and limited dependent variables models. Test functions include model specification, serial correlation, cross-sectional dependence, panel unit root and panel Granger (non-)causality. Typical references are general econometrics text books such as Baltagi (2021), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data (<doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53953-5>), Hsiao (2014), Analysis of Panel Data (<doi:10.1017/CBO9781139839327>), and Croissant and Millo (2018), Panel Data Econometrics with R (<doi:10.1002/9781119504641>).

Applies Beta Control Charts to defined values. The Beta Chart presents control limits based on the Beta probability distribution, making it suitable for monitoring fraction data from a Binomial distribution as a replacement for p-Charts. The Beta Chart has been applied in three real studies and compared with control limits from three different schemes. The comparative analysis showed that: (i) the Beta approximation to the Binomial distribution is more appropriate for values confined within the [0, 1] interval; and (ii) the proposed charts are more sensitive to the average run length (ARL) in both in-control and out-of-control process monitoring. Overall, the Beta Charts outperform the Shewhart control charts in monitoring fraction data. For more details, see à ngelo Márcio Oliveira Santâ Anna and Carla Schwengber ten Caten (2012) <doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2012.02.146>.

Computes predicted values and lower/upper limits of normal for pulmonary function tests according to American Thoracic Society ('ATS') and European Respiratory Society ('ERS') reference standards. Supports spirometry (Global Lung Function Initiative GLI 2012, Quanjer et al. (2012) <doi:10.1183/09031936.00080312>; and the race-neutral GLI 2022 / GLI Global equations, Bowerman et al. (2023) <doi:10.1164/rccm.202205-0963OC>), static lung volumes ('GLI 2021, Hall et al. (2021) <doi:10.1183/13993003.00289-2020>), and the carbon monoxide transfer factor / diffusion capacity ('GLI 2017, Stanojevic et al. (2017) <doi:10.1183/13993003.00010-2017>, including the 2020 author correction <doi:10.1183/13993003.50010-2017>). Also assigns interpretive pattern labels (Normal, Non-specific, Obstructed, Restricted, Mixed) from spirometry and lung-volume measurements following the ERS'/'ATS 2022 interpretation algorithm, Stanojevic et al. (2022) <doi:10.1183/13993003.01499-2021>.

This package provides several methods for computing the Quantile Treatment Effect (QTE) and Quantile Treatment Effect on the Treated (QTT). The main cases covered are (i) treatment is randomly assigned, (ii) treatment is as good as randomly assigned after conditioning on covariates (selection on observables) using the methods of Firpo (2007) <doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00738.x>, and (iii) identification is based on a Difference in Differences assumption, with support for several varieties including Athey and Imbens (2006) <doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00668.x>, Callaway and Li (2019) <doi:10.3982/QE935>, and Callaway, Li, and Oka (2018) <doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2018.06.008>. Version 2.0 adds a unified staggered treatment adoption API (built on ptetools') for all DiD-based estimators, as well as a new lagged-outcome unconfoundedness estimator ('lou_qtt').

ANOVA and REML estimation of linear mixed models is implemented, once following Searle et al. (1991, ANOVA for unbalanced data), once making use of the lme4 package. The primary objective of this package is to perform a variance component analysis (VCA) according to CLSI EP05-A3 guideline "Evaluation of Precision of Quantitative Measurement Procedures" (2014). There are plotting methods for visualization of an experimental design, plotting random effects and residuals. For ANOVA type estimation two methods for computing ANOVA mean squares are implemented (SWEEP and quadratic forms). The covariance matrix of variance components can be derived, which is used in estimating confidence intervals. Linear hypotheses of fixed effects and LS means can be computed. LS means can be computed at specific values of covariables and with custom weighting schemes for factor variables. See ?VCA for a more comprehensive description of the features.

Implementation of the Dual Feature Reduction (DFR) approach for the Sparse Group Lasso (SGL) and the Adaptive Sparse Group Lasso (aSGL) (Feser and Evangelou (2024) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2405.17094>). The DFR approach is a feature reduction approach that applies strong screening to reduce the feature space before optimisation, leading to speed-up improvements for fitting SGL (Simon et al. (2013) <doi:10.1080/10618600.2012.681250>) and aSGL (Mendez-Civieta et al. (2020) <doi:10.1007/s11634-020-00413-8> and Poignard (2020) <doi:10.1007/s10463-018-0692-7>) models. DFR is implemented using the Adaptive Three Operator Splitting (ATOS) (Pedregosa and Gidel (2018) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.1804.02339>) algorithm, with linear and logistic SGL models supported, both of which can be fit using k-fold cross-validation. Dense and sparse input matrices are supported.

Maximum likelihood estimation for the semi-parametric joint modeling of competing risks and longitudinal data in the presence of heterogeneous within-subject variability, proposed by Li and colleagues (2023) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.12741>. The proposed method models the within-subject variability of the biomarker and associates it with the risk of the competing risks event. The time-to-event data is modeled using a (cause-specific) Cox proportional hazards regression model with time-fixed covariates. The longitudinal outcome is modeled using a mixed-effects location and scale model. The association is captured by shared random effects. The model is estimated using an Expectation Maximization algorithm. This is the final release of the JMH package. Active development has been moved to the FastJM package, which provides improved functionality and ongoing support. Users are strongly encouraged to transition to FastJM'.

This package provides a comprehensive set of tools for working with order statistics, including functions for simulating order statistics, censored samples (Type I and Type II), and record values from various continuous distributions. Additionally, it offers functions to compute moments (mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis) of order statistics for several continuous distributions. These tools assist researchers and statisticians in understanding and analyzing the properties of order statistics and related data. The methods and algorithms implemented in this package are based on several published works, including Ahsanullah et al (2013, ISBN:9789491216831), Arnold and Balakrishnan (2012, ISBN:1461236444), Harter and Balakrishnan (1996, ISBN:9780849394522), Balakrishnan and Sandhu (1995) <doi:10.1080/00031305.1995.10476150>, Genç (2012) <doi:10.1007/s00362-010-0320-y>, Makouei et al (2021) <doi:10.1016/j.cam.2021.113386> and Nagaraja (2013) <doi:10.1016/j.spl.2013.06.028>.

Network meta-analysis tools based on contrast-based approach using the multivariate meta-analysis and meta-regression models (Noma et al. (2025) <doi:10.1101/2025.09.15.25335823>). Comprehensive analysis tools for network meta-analysis and meta-regression (e.g., synthesis analysis, ranking analysis, and creating league table) are available through simple commands. For inconsistency assessment, the local and global inconsistency tests based on the Higgins design-by-treatment interaction model are available. In addition, the side-splitting methods and Jackson's random inconsistency model can be applied. Standard graphical tools for network meta-analysis, including network plots, ranked forest plots, and transitivity analyses, are also provided. For the synthesis analyses, the Noma-Hamura's improved REML (restricted maximum likelihood)-based methods (Noma et al. (2023) <doi:10.1002/jrsm.1652> <doi:10.1002/jrsm.1651>) are adopted as the default methods.

Calculates effect-size-informed y-axis recommendations for visualizations of independent, repeated-measures, and mixed designs. Summarizes selected error bars, estimates conditional standardized contrasts, and generalizes range-expansion rules using constants from single-factor, two-level studies of Cohen's d. Recommendations beyond that studied setting have not been empirically validated. Provides numerical results and ggplot2 visualizations, including summary plots and preservation of supplied plot layouts. Confidence-interval adjustment options follow the distinctions in Cousineau (2017) <doi:10.5709/acp-0214-z>, including difference adjustment and combined repeated-measures adjustment. Within-subject base intervals use the normalization of Cousineau (2005) <doi:10.20982/tqmp.01.1.p042> with the bias correction of Morey (2008) <doi:10.20982/tqmp.04.2.p061>. Correlation-only intervals and intervals with both adjustments are separate options. These references support confidence-interval construction, not the range-expansion calibration.

Generates generalized covariate field (GCF) variables from spatial covariates observed at projected coordinates, and selects a stable subset of them for geospatial prediction. For each input covariate the method builds spatial-pattern features (local indicator of spatial association, local Geary's c, log local variance, rank quantile entropy, geocomplexity, log scale variance, local variogram exponent, and signed z-score and median absolute deviation outlier strengths over a series of buffer radii) and neighbourhood-distribution features (buffer-wise quantiles of the covariate values surrounding each location), reduces the buffer and quantile sweeps to a compact set of interpretable functional summaries, and selects variables by random forest importance combined with spatial-block stability resampling and group voting. The GCF method is positioned as prediction-oriented feature construction: its output feeds any downstream regression learner. Methods are described in Song (2026) <doi:10.1080/13658816.2026.2729719>.

Computing package for Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) using Alkire-Foster method. Given N individuals, each person has D indicators of deprivation, the package compute MPI value to represent the degree of poverty in a population. The inputs are 1) an N by D matrix, which has the element (i,j) represents whether an individual i is deprived in an indicator j (1 is deprived and 0 is not deprived), and 2) the deprivation threshold. The main output is the MPI value, which has the range between zero and one. MPI value is approaching one if almost all people are deprived in all indicators, and it is approaching zero if almost no people are deprived in any indicator. Please see Alkire S., Chatterjee, M., Conconi, A., Seth, S. and Ana Vaz (2014) <doi:10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii039> for The Alkire-Foster methodology.

This package performs parametric and non-parametric estimation and simulation for multi-state discrete-time semi-Markov processes. For the parametric estimation, several discrete distributions are considered for the sojourn times: Uniform, Geometric, Poisson, Discrete Weibull and Negative Binomial. The non-parametric estimation concerns the sojourn time distributions, where no assumptions are done on the shape of distributions. Moreover, the estimation can be done on the basis of one or several sample paths, with or without censoring at the beginning or/and at the end of the sample paths. The implemented methods are described in Barbu, V.S., Limnios, N. (2008) <doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73173-5>, Barbu, V.S., Limnios, N. (2008) <doi:10.1080/10485250701261913> and Trevezas, S., Limnios, N. (2011) <doi:10.1080/10485252.2011.555543>. Estimation and simulation of discrete-time k-th order Markov chains are also considered.

Paired mass distance (PMD) analysis proposed in Yu, Olkowicz and Pawliszyn (2018) <doi:10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.062> and PMD based reactomics analysis proposed in Yu and Petrick (2020) <doi:10.1038/s42004-020-00403-z> for gas/liquid chromatographyâ mass spectrometry (GC/LC-MS) based non-targeted analysis. PMD analysis including GlobalStd algorithm and structure/reaction directed analysis. GlobalStd algorithm could found independent peaks in m/z-retention time profiles based on retention time hierarchical cluster analysis and frequency analysis of paired mass distances within retention time groups. Structure directed analysis could be used to find potential relationship among those independent peaks in different retention time groups based on frequency of paired mass distances. Reactomics analysis could also be performed to build PMD network, assign sources and make biomarker reaction discovery. GUIs for PMD analysis is also included as shiny applications.

This package performs linear regression with respect to a data-driven convex loss function that is chosen to minimize the asymptotic covariance of the resulting M-estimator. The convex loss function is estimated in 5 steps: (1) form an initial OLS (ordinary least squares) or LAD (least absolute deviation) estimate of the regression coefficients; (2) use the resulting residuals to obtain a kernel estimator of the error density; (3) estimate the score function of the errors by differentiating the logarithm of the kernel density estimate; (4) compute the L2 projection of the estimated score function onto the set of decreasing functions; (5) take a negative antiderivative of the projected score function estimate. Newton's method (with Hessian modification) is then used to minimize the convex empirical risk function. Further details of the method are given in Feng et al. (2024) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2403.16688>.

This package provides a likelihood-based hypothesis testing approach is implemented for assessing causal mediation. Described in Millstein, Chen, and Breton (2016), <DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw135>, it could be used to test for mediation of a known causal association between a DNA variant, the instrumental variable', and a clinical outcome or phenotype by gene expression or DNA methylation, the potential mediator. Another example would be testing mediation of the effect of a drug on a clinical outcome by the molecular target. The hypothesis test generates a p-value or permutation-based FDR value with confidence intervals to quantify uncertainty in the causal inference. The outcome can be represented by either a continuous or binary variable, the potential mediator is continuous, and the instrumental variable can be continuous or binary and is not limited to a single variable but may be a design matrix representing multiple variables.