An R frontend for the WhiteboxTools library, which is an advanced geospatial data analysis platform developed by Prof. John Lindsay at the University of Guelph's Geomorphometry and Hydrogeomatics Research Group. WhiteboxTools can be used to perform common geographical information systems (GIS) analysis operations, such as cost-distance analysis, distance buffering, and raster reclassification. Remote sensing and image processing tasks include image enhancement (e.g. panchromatic sharpening, contrast adjustments), image mosaicing, numerous filtering operations, simple classification (k-means), and common image transformations. WhiteboxTools also contains advanced tooling for spatial hydrological analysis (e.g. flow-accumulation, watershed delineation, stream network analysis, sink removal), terrain analysis (e.g. common terrain indices such as slope, curvatures, wetness index, hillshading; hypsometric analysis; multi-scale topographic position analysis), and LiDAR data processing. Suggested citation: Lindsay (2016) <doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2016.07.003>.

In a typical microarray setting with gene expression data observed under two conditions, the local false discovery rate describes the probability that a gene is not differentially expressed between the two conditions given its corrresponding observed score or p-value level. The resulting curve of p-values versus local false discovery rate offers an insight into the twilight zone between clear differential and clear non-differential gene expression. Package twilight contains two main functions: Function twilight.pval performs a two-condition test on differences in means for a given input matrix or expression set and computes permutation based p-values. Function twilight performs a stochastic downhill search to estimate local false discovery rates and effect size distributions. The package further provides means to filter for permutations that describe the null distribution correctly. Using filtered permutations, the influence of hidden confounders could be diminished.

Implementation of No-Effect-Concentration estimation that uses brms (see Burkner (2017)<doi:10.18637/jss.v080.i01>; Burkner (2018)<doi:10.32614/RJ-2018-017>; Carpenter et al. (2017)<doi:10.18637/jss.v076.i01> to fit concentration(dose)-response data using Bayesian methods for the purpose of estimating ECx values, but more particularly NEC (see Fox (2010)<doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.09.012>), NSEC (see Fisher and Fox (2023)<doi:10.1002/etc.5610>), and N(S)EC (see Fisher et al. 2023<doi:10.1002/ieam.4809>). A full description of this package can be found in Fisher et al. (2024)<doi:10.18637/jss.v110.i05>. This package expands and supersedes an original version implemented in R2jags (see Su and Yajima (2020)<https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=R2jags>; Fisher et al. (2020)<doi:10.5281/ZENODO.3966864>).

Computes confidence intervals for the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) based on varied scenarios. In situations where the proportion of diseased subjects does not correspond to the disease prevalence (e.g. case-control studies), this package provides two types of solutions: 1) five methods for estimating confidence intervals for PPV and NPV via ratio of two binomial proportions including Gart & Nam (1988), Walter (1975), MOVER-J (Laud, 2017), Fieller (1954), and Bootstrap (Efron, 1979); 2) three direct methods that compute the confidence intervals including Pepe (2003), Zhou (2007), and Delta. In prospective studies where the proportion of diseased subjects is an unbiased estimate of the disease prevalence, this package provides several methods for calculating the confidence intervals for PPV and NPV including Clopper-Pearson, Wald, Wilson, Agresti-Coull, and Beta. See the Details and References sections in the corresponding functions.

Illustrate graphically the most common Null Hypothesis Significance Testing procedures. More specifically, this package provides functions to plot Chi-Squared, F, t (one- and two-tailed) and z (one- and two-tailed) tests, by plotting the probability density under the null hypothesis as a function of the different test statistic values. Although highly flexible (color theme, fonts, etc.), only the minimal number of arguments (observed test statistic, degrees of freedom) are necessary for a clear and useful graph to be plotted, with the observed test statistic and the p value, as well as their corresponding value labels. The axes are automatically scaled to present the relevant part and the overall shape of the probability density function. This package is especially intended for education purposes, as it provides a helpful support to help explain the Null Hypothesis Significance Testing process, its use and/or shortcomings.

LOBSTAHS is a multifunction package for screening, annotation, and putative identification of mass spectral features in large, HPLC-MS lipid datasets. In silico data for a wide range of lipids, oxidized lipids, and oxylipins can be generated from user-supplied structural criteria with a database generation function. LOBSTAHS then applies these databases to assign putative compound identities to features in any high-mass accuracy dataset that has been processed using xcms and CAMERA. Users can then apply a series of orthogonal screening criteria based on adduct ion formation patterns, chromatographic retention time, and other properties, to evaluate and assign confidence scores to this list of preliminary assignments. During the screening routine, LOBSTAHS rejects assignments that do not meet the specified criteria, identifies potential isomers and isobars, and assigns a variety of annotation codes to assist the user in evaluating the accuracy of each assignment.

Synapsis is a Bioconductor software package for automated (unbiased and reproducible) analysis of meiotic immunofluorescence datasets. The primary functions of the software can i) identify cells in meiotic prophase that are labelled by a synaptonemal complex axis or central element protein, ii) isolate individual synaptonemal complexes and measure their physical length, iii) quantify foci and co-localise them with synaptonemal complexes, iv) measure interference between synaptonemal complex-associated foci. The software has applications that extend to multiple species and to the analysis of other proteins that label meiotic prophase chromosomes. The software converts meiotic immunofluorescence images into R data frames that are compatible with machine learning methods. Given a set of microscopy images of meiotic spread slides, synapsis crops images around individual single cells, counts colocalising foci on strands on a per cell basis, and measures the distance between foci on any given strand.

Algorithms for computing and generating plots with and without error bars for Bayesian cluster validity index (BCVI) (O. Preedasawakul, and N. Wiroonsri, A Bayesian Cluster Validity Index, Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 202, 108053, 2025. <doi:10.1016/j.csda.2024.108053>) based on several underlying cluster validity indexes (CVIs) including Calinski-Harabasz, Chou-Su-Lai, Davies-Bouldin, Dunn, Pakhira-Bandyopadhyay-Maulik, Point biserial correlation, the score function, Starczewski, and Wiroonsri indices for hard clustering, and Correlation Cluster Validity, the generalized C, HF, KWON, KWON2, Modified Pakhira-Bandyopadhyay-Maulik, Pakhira-Bandyopadhyay-Maulik, Tang, Wiroonsri-Preedasawakul, Wu-Li, and Xie-Beni indices for soft clustering. The package is compatible with K-means, fuzzy C means, EM clustering, and hierarchical clustering (single, average, and complete linkage). Though BCVI is compatible with any underlying existing CVIs, we recommend users to use either WI or WP as the underlying CVI.

The four functions svdcp() ('cp for column partitioned), svdbip() or svdbip2() ('bip for bipartitioned), and svdbips() ('s for a simultaneous optimization of a set of r solutions), correspond to a singular value decomposition (SVD) by blocks notion, by supposing each block depending on relative subspaces, rather than on two whole spaces as usual SVD does. The other functions, based on this notion, are relative to two column partitioned data matrices x and y defining two sets of subsets x_i and y_j of variables and amount to estimate a link between x_i and y_j for the pair (x_i, y_j) relatively to the links associated to all the other pairs. These methods were first presented in: Lafosse R. & Hanafi M.,(1997) <https://eudml.org/doc/106424> and Hanafi M. & Lafosse, R. (2001) <https://eudml.org/doc/106494>.

Fit data to an ellipse, hyperbola, or parabola. Bootstrapping is available when needed. The conic curve can be rotated through an arbitrary angle and the fit will still succeed. Helper functions are provided to convert generator coefficients from one style to another, generate test data sets, rotate conic section parameters, and so on. References include Nikolai Chernov (2014) "Fitting ellipses, circles, and lines by least squares" <https://people.cas.uab.edu/~mosya/cl/>; A. W. Fitzgibbon, M. Pilu, R. B. Fisher (1999) "Direct Least Squares Fitting of Ellipses" IEEE Trans. PAMI, Vol. 21, pages 476-48; N. Chernov, Q. Huang, and H. Ma (2014) "Fitting quadratic curves to data points", British Journal of Mathematics & Computer Science, 4, 33-60; N. Chernov and H. Ma (2011) "Least squares fitting of quadratic curves and surfaces", Computer Vision, Editor S. R. Yoshida, Nova Science Publishers, pp. 285-302.

This package performs survival analysis using general non-linear models. Risk models can be the sum or product of terms. Each term is the product of exponential/linear functions of covariates. Additionally sub-terms can be defined as a sum of exponential, linear threshold, and step functions. Cox Proportional hazards <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional_hazards_model>, Poisson <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_regression>, and Fine-Gray competing risks <https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/research/population-health-methods/competing-risk-analysis> regression are supported. This work was sponsored by NASA Grants 80NSSC19M0161 and 80NSSC23M0129 through a subcontract from the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). The computing for this project was performed on the Beocat Research Cluster at Kansas State University, which is funded in part by NSF grants CNS-1006860, EPS-1006860, EPS-0919443, ACI-1440548, CHE-1726332, and NIH P20GM113109.

This package implements code to identify lexical competitors in a given list of words. We include many of the standard competitor types used in spoken word recognition research, such as functions to find cohorts, neighbors, and rhymes, amongst many others. The package includes documentation for using a variety of lexicon files, including those with form codes made up of multiple letters (i.e., phoneme codes) and also basic orthographies. Importantly, the code makes use of multiple CPU cores and vectorization when possible, making it extremely fast and able to handle large lexicons. Additionally, the package contains documentation for users to easily write new functions, allowing researchers to examine other relationships within a lexicon. Preprint: <https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/8dyru/>. Open access: <doi:10.3758/s13428-021-01667-6>. Citation: Li, Z., Crinnion, A.M. & Magnuson, J.S. (2021). <doi:10.3758/s13428-021-01667-6>.

An implementation of DuMouchel's (1999) <doi:10.1080/00031305.1999.10474456> Bayesian data mining method for the market basket problem. Calculates Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean (EBGM) and posterior quantile scores using the Gamma-Poisson Shrinker (GPS) model to find unusually large cell counts in large, sparse contingency tables. Can be used to find unusually high reporting rates of adverse events associated with products. In general, can be used to mine any database where the co-occurrence of two variables or items is of interest. Also calculates relative and proportional reporting ratios. Builds on the work of the PhViD package, from which much of the code is derived. Some of the added features include stratification to adjust for confounding variables and data squashing to improve computational efficiency. Includes an implementation of the EM algorithm for hyperparameter estimation loosely derived from the mederrRank package.

Optimal hard thresholding of singular values. The procedure adaptively estimates the best singular value threshold under unknown noise characteristics. The threshold chosen by ScreeNOT is optimal (asymptotically, in the sense of minimum Frobenius error) under the the so-called "Spiked model" of a low-rank matrix observed in additive noise. In contrast to previous works, the noise is not assumed to be i.i.d. or white; it can have an essentially arbitrary and unknown correlation structure, across either rows, columns or both. ScreeNOT is proposed to practitioners as a mathematically solid alternative to Cattell's ever-popular but vague Scree Plot heuristic from 1966. If you use this package, please cite our paper: David L. Donoho, Matan Gavish and Elad Romanov (2023). "ScreeNOT: Exact MSE-optimal singular value thresholding in correlated noise." Annals of Statistics, 2023 (To appear). <arXiv:2009.12297>.

Urban water and sanitation survey dataset collected by Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor (WSUP) with technical support from Valid International. These citywide surveys have been collecting data allowing water and sanitation service levels across the entire city to be characterised, while also allowing more detailed data to be collected in areas of the city of particular interest. These surveys are intended to generate useful information for others working in the water and sanitation sector. Current release version includes datasets collected from a survey conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh in March 2017. This survey in Dhaka is one of a series of surveys to be conducted by WSUP in various cities in which they operate including Accra, Ghana; Nakuru, Kenya; Antananarivo, Madagascar; Maputo, Mozambique; and, Lusaka, Zambia. This package will be updated once the surveys in other cities are completed and datasets have been made available.

The DaMiRseq package offers a tidy pipeline of data mining procedures to identify transcriptional biomarkers and exploit them for both binary and multi-class classification purposes. The package accepts any kind of data presented as a table of raw counts and allows including both continous and factorial variables that occur with the experimental setting. A series of functions enable the user to clean up the data by filtering genomic features and samples, to adjust data by identifying and removing the unwanted source of variation (i.e. batches and confounding factors) and to select the best predictors for modeling. Finally, a "stacking" ensemble learning technique is applied to build a robust classification model. Every step includes a checkpoint that the user may exploit to assess the effects of data management by looking at diagnostic plots, such as clustering and heatmaps, RLE boxplots, MDS or correlation plot.

Extensive functions for bivariate copula (bicopula) computations and related operations for bicopula theory. The lower, upper, product, and select other bicopula are implemented along with operations including the diagonal, survival copula, dual of a copula, co-copula, and numerical bicopula density. Level sets, horizontal and vertical sections are supported. Numerical derivatives and inverses of a bicopula are provided through which simulation is implemented. Bicopula composition, convex combination, asymmetry extension, and products also are provided. Support extends to the Kendall Function as well as the Lmoments thereof. Kendall Tau, Spearman Rho and Footrule, Gini Gamma, Blomqvist Beta, Hoeffding Phi, Schweizer- Wolff Sigma, tail dependency, tail order, skewness, and bivariate Lmoments are implemented, and positive/negative quadrant dependency, left (right) increasing (decreasing) are available. Other features include Kullback-Leibler Divergence, Vuong Procedure, spectral measure, and Lcomoments for inference, maximum likelihood, and AIC, BIC, and RMSE for goodness-of-fit.

The experiment selector cross-validated targeted maximum likelihood estimator (ES-CVTMLE) aims to select the experiment that optimizes the bias-variance tradeoff for estimating a causal average treatment effect (ATE) where different experiments may include a randomized controlled trial (RCT) alone or an RCT combined with real-world data. Using cross-validation, the ES-CVTMLE separates the selection of the optimal experiment from the estimation of the ATE for the chosen experiment. The estimated bias term in the selector is a function of the difference in conditional mean outcome under control for the RCT compared to the combined experiment. In order to help include truly unbiased external data in the analysis, the estimated average treatment effect on a negative control outcome may be added to the bias term in the selector. For more details about this method, please see Dang et al. (2022) <arXiv:2210.05802>.

An implementation of ADPclust clustering procedures (Fast Clustering Using Adaptive Density Peak Detection). The work is built and improved upon the idea of Rodriguez and Laio (2014)<DOI:10.1126/science.1242072>. ADPclust clusters data by finding density peaks in a density-distance plot generated from local multivariate Gaussian density estimation. It includes an automatic centroids selection and parameter optimization algorithm, which finds the number of clusters and cluster centroids by comparing average silhouettes on a grid of testing clustering results; It also includes a user interactive algorithm that allows the user to manually selects cluster centroids from a two dimensional "density-distance plot". Here is the research article associated with this package: "Wang, Xiao-Feng, and Yifan Xu (2015)<DOI:10.1177/0962280215609948> Fast clustering using adaptive density peak detection." Statistical methods in medical research". url: http://smm.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/10/15/0962280215609948.abstract.

This package provides basic functionalities to calculate the position of satellites given a known state vector. The package includes implementations of the SGP4 and SDP4 simplified perturbation models to propagate orbital state vectors, as well as utilities to read TLE files and convert coordinates between different frames of reference. Several of the functionalities of the package (including the high-precision numerical orbit propagator) require the coefficients and data included in the asteRiskData package, available in a drat repository. To install this data package, run install.packages("asteRiskData", repos="https://rafael-ayala.github.io/drat/")'. Felix R. Hoots, Ronald L. Roehrich and T.S. Kelso (1988) <https://celestrak.org/NORAD/documentation/spacetrk.pdf>. David Vallado, Paul Crawford, Richard Hujsak and T.S. Kelso (2012) <doi:10.2514/6.2006-6753>. Felix R. Hoots, Paul W. Schumacher Jr. and Robert A. Glover (2014) <doi:10.2514/1.9161>.

This package provides functions to compute fuzzy versions of species occurrence patterns based on presence-absence data (including inverse distance interpolation, trend surface analysis, and prevalence-independent favourability obtained from probability of presence), as well as pair-wise fuzzy similarity (based on fuzzy logic versions of commonly used similarity indices) among those occurrence patterns. Includes also functions for model consensus and comparison (overlap and fuzzy similarity, fuzzy loss, fuzzy gain), and for data preparation, such as obtaining unique abbreviations of species names, defining the background region, cleaning and gridding (thinning) point occurrence data onto raster maps, selecting among (pseudo)absences to address survey bias, converting species lists (long format) to presence-absence tables (wide format), transposing part of a data frame, selecting relevant variables for models, assessing the false discovery rate, or analysing and dealing with multicollinearity. Initially described in Barbosa (2015) <doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12372>.

This package provides functions to calculate seed germination and seedling emergence and growth indexes. The main indexes for germination and seedling emergence, considering the time for seed germinate are: T10, T50 and T90, in Farooq et al. (2005) <10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00031.x>; and MGT, in Labouriau (1983). Considering the germination speed are: Germination Speed Index, in Maguire (1962), Mean Germination Rate, in Labouriau (1983); considering the homogeneity of germination are: Coefficient of Variation of the Germination Time, in Carvalho et al. (2005) <10.1590/S0100-84042005000300018>, and Variance of Germination, in Labouriau (1983); Uncertainty, in Labouriau and Valadares (1976) <ISSN:0001-3765>; and Synchrony, in Primack (1980). The main seedling indexes are Growth, in Sako (2001), Uniformity, in Sako (2001) and Castan et al. (2018) <doi:10.1590/1678-992x-2016-0401>; and Vigour, in Medeiros and Pereira (2018) <doi:10.1590/1983-40632018v4852340>.

General linear modeling with multiple responses (MANCOVA). An overall p-value for each model term is calculated by the 50-50 MANOVA method by Langsrud (2002) <doi:10.1111/1467-9884.00320>, which handles collinear responses. Rotation testing, described by Langsrud (2005) <doi:10.1007/s11222-005-4789-5>, is used to compute adjusted single response p-values according to familywise error rates and false discovery rates (FDR). The approach to FDR is described in the appendix of Moen et al. (2005) <doi:10.1128/AEM.71.4.2086-2094.2005>. Unbalanced designs are handled by Type II sums of squares as argued in Langsrud (2003) <doi:10.1023/A:1023260610025>. Furthermore, the Type II philosophy is extended to continuous design variables as described in Langsrud et al. (2007) <doi:10.1080/02664760701594246>. This means that the method is invariant to scale changes and that common pitfalls are avoided.

Datasets and functions for the book "Modélisation statistique par la pratique avec R", F. Bertrand, E. Claeys and M. Maumy-Bertrand (2019, ISBN:9782100793525, Dunod, Paris). The first chapter of the book is dedicated to an introduction to the R statistical software. The second chapter deals with correlation analysis: Pearson, Spearman and Kendall simple, multiple and partial correlation coefficients. New wrapper functions for permutation tests or bootstrap of matrices of correlation are provided with the package. The third chapter is dedicated to data exploration with factorial analyses (PCA, CA, MCA, MDA) and clustering. The fourth chapter is dedicated to regression analysis: fitting and model diagnostics are detailed. The exercises focus on covariance analysis, logistic regression, Poisson regression, two-way analysis of variance for fixed or random factors. Various example datasets are shipped with the package: for instance on pokemon, world of warcraft, house tasks or food nutrition analyses.