Energy-Vorticity theory (EVT) is the fundamental theory to describe processes in the atmosphere by combining conserved quantities from hydrodynamics and thermodynamics. The package meteoEVT provides functions to calculate many energetic and vortical quantities, like potential vorticity, Bernoulli function and dynamic state index (DSI) [e.g. Weber and Nevir, 2008, <doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2007.00272.x>], for given gridded data, like ERA5 reanalyses. These quantities can be studied directly or can be used for many applications in meteorology, e.g., the objective identification of atmospheric fronts. For this purpose, separate function are provided that allow the detection of fronts based on the thermic front parameter [Hewson, 1998, <doi:10.1017/S1350482798000553>], the F diagnostic [Parfitt et al., 2017, <doi:10.1002/2017GL073662>] and the DSI [Mack et al., 2022, <arXiv:2208.11438>].

This is a C/C++ based package for advanced data transformation and statistical computing in R that is extremely fast, class-agnostic, robust and programmer friendly. Core functionality includes a rich set of S3 generic grouped and weighted statistical functions for vectors, matrices and data frames, which provide efficient low-level vectorizations, OpenMP multithreading, and skip missing values by default. These are integrated with fast grouping and ordering algorithms (also callable from C), and efficient data manipulation functions. The package also provides a flexible and rigorous approach to time series and panel data in R. It further includes fast functions for common statistical procedures, detailed (grouped, weighted) summary statistics, powerful tools to work with nested data, fast data object conversions, functions for memory efficient R programming, and helpers to effectively deal with variable labels, attributes, and missing data.

This package provides a recently proposed Bayesian BIN model disentangles the underlying processes that enable forecasters and forecasting methods to improve, decomposing forecasting accuracy into three components: bias, partial information, and noise. By describing the differences between two groups of forecasters, the model allows the user to carry out useful inference, such as calculating the posterior probabilities of the treatment reducing bias, diminishing noise, or increasing information. It also provides insight into how much tamping down bias and noise in judgment or enhancing the efficient extraction of valid information from the environment improves forecasting accuracy. This package provides easy access to the BIN model. For further information refer to the paper Ville A. Satopää, Marat Salikhov, Philip E. Tetlock, and Barbara Mellers (2021) "Bias, Information, Noise: The BIN Model of Forecasting" <doi:10.1287/mnsc.2020.3882>.

Calculates conditional exact tests (Fisher's exact test, Blaker's exact test, or exact McNemar's test) and unconditional exact tests (including score-based tests on differences in proportions, ratios of proportions, and odds ratios, and Boshcloo's test) with appropriate matching confidence intervals, and provides power and sample size calculations. Gives melded confidence intervals for the binomial case (Fay, et al, 2015, <DOI:10.1111/biom.12231>). Gives boundary-optimized rejection region test (Gabriel, et al, 2018, <DOI:10.1002/sim.7579>), an unconditional exact test for the situation where the controls are all expected to fail. Gives confidence intervals compatible with exact McNemar's or sign tests (Fay and Lumbard, 2021, <DOI:10.1002/sim.8829>). For review of these kinds of exact tests see Fay and Hunsberger (2021, <DOI:10.1214/21-SS131>).

Regression methods to quantify the relation between two measurement methods are provided by this package. In particular it addresses regression problems with errors in both variables and without repeated measurements. It implements the Clinical Laboratory Standard International (CLSI) recommendations (see J. A. Budd et al. (2018, <https://clsi.org/standards/products/method-evaluation/documents/ep09/>) for analytical method comparison and bias estimation using patient samples. Furthermore, algorithms for Theil-Sen and equivariant Passing-Bablok estimators are implemented, see F. Dufey (2020, <doi:10.1515/ijb-2019-0157>) and J. Raymaekers and F. Dufey (2022, <arXiv:2202:08060>). Further the robust M-Deming and MM-Deming (experimental) are available, see G. Pioda (2021, <arXiv:2105:04628>). A comprehensive overview over the implemented methods and references can be found in the manual pages mcrPioda-package and mcreg'.

The OLStrajr package provides comprehensive functions for ordinary least squares (OLS) trajectory analysis and case-by-case OLS regression as outlined in Carrig, Wirth, and Curran (2004) <doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM1101_9> and Rogosa and Saner (1995) <doi:10.3102/10769986020002149>. It encompasses two primary functions, OLStraj() and cbc_lm(). The OLStraj() function simplifies the estimation of individual growth curves over time via OLS regression, with options for visualizing both group-level and individual-level growth trajectories and support for linear and quadratic models. The cbc_lm() function facilitates case-by-case OLS estimates and provides unbiased mean population intercept and slope estimators by averaging OLS intercepts and slopes across cases. It further offers standard error calculations across bootstrap replicates and computation of 95% confidence intervals based on empirical distributions from the resampling processes.

These functions provide a convenient interface for downloading data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics <https://www.bls.gov>. The functions in this package utilize flat files produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which contain full series history. These files include employment, unemployment, wages, prices, industry and occupational data at a national, state, and sub-state level, depending on the series. Individual functions are included for those programs which have data available at the state level. The core functions provide direct access to the Current Employment Statistics (CES) <https://www.bls.gov/ces/>, Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) <https://www.bls.gov/lau/>, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) <https://www.bls.gov/oes/> and Alternative Measures of Labor Underutilization (SALT) <https://www.bls.gov/lau/stalt.htm> data produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

We use the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) for parameter estimation in high-dimensional, single-modality mediation models. To improve the sensitivity and specificity of estimated mediation effects, we offer the sure independence screening (SIS) function for dimension reduction. The available penalty options include Lasso, Elastic Net, Pathway Lasso, and Network-constrained Penalty. The methods employed in the package are based on Boyd, S., Parikh, N., Chu, E., Peleato, B., & Eckstein, J. (2011). <doi:10.1561/2200000016>, Fan, J., & Lv, J. (2008) <doi:10.1111/j.1467-9868.2008.00674.x>, Li, C., & Li, H. (2008) <doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn081>, Tibshirani, R. (1996) <doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x>, Zhao, Y., & Luo, X. (2022) <doi:10.4310/21-sii673>, and Zou, H., & Hastie, T. (2005) <doi:10.1111/j.1467-9868.2005.00503.x>.

The core of the package is cvr2.ipflasso(), an extension of glmnet to be used when the (large) set of available predictors is partitioned into several modalities which potentially differ with respect to their information content in terms of prediction. For example, in biomedical applications patient outcome such as survival time or response to therapy may have to be predicted based on, say, mRNA data, miRNA data, methylation data, CNV data, clinical data, etc. The clinical predictors are on average often much more important for outcome prediction than the mRNA data. The ipflasso method takes this problem into account by using different penalty parameters for predictors from different modalities. The ratio between the different penalty parameters can be chosen from a set of optional candidates by cross-validation or alternatively generated from the input data.

This package provides a simple package facilitating ML based analysis for physics education research (PER) purposes. The implemented machine learning technique is random forest optimized by item response theory (IRT) for feature selection and genetic algorithm (GA) for hyperparameter tuning. The data analyzed here has been made available in the CRAN repository through the spheredata package. The SPHERE stands for Students Performance in Physics Education Research (PER). The students are the eleventh graders learning physics at the high school curriculum. We follow the stream of multidimensional students assessment as probed by some research based assessments in PER. The goal is to predict the students performance at the end of the learning process. Three learning domains are measured including conceptual understanding, scientific ability, and scientific attitude. Furthermore, demographic backgrounds and potential variables predicting students performance on physics are also demonstrated.

Set of sequence analysis tools for manipulating, describing and rendering categorical sequences, and more generally mining sequence data in the field of social sciences. Although this sequence analysis package is primarily intended for state or event sequences that describe time use or life courses such as family formation histories or professional careers, its features also apply to many other kinds of categorical sequence data. It accepts many different sequence representations as input and provides tools for converting sequences from one format to another. It offers several functions for describing and rendering sequences, for computing distances between sequences with different metrics (among which optimal matching), original dissimilarity-based analysis tools, and functions for extracting the most frequent event subsequences and identifying the most discriminating ones among them. A user's guide can be found on the TraMineR web page.

This package implements weighted double score matching (WDSM) for estimating population-level causal effects from complex survey data. Combines propensity scores and prognostic scores with survey design weights for matching, survey-weighted imputation within match sets, and Hajek normalization to target the population average treatment effect (PATE) and the population average treatment effect on the treated (PATT). Supports both retrospective (treatment-dependent) and prospective (treatment-independent) sampling designs. Uses propensity probabilities and arm-specific prognostic scores for matching, with a complete quadratic bias correction in each arm's double score. Provides linearization-based multinomial replication variance estimates and centered normal Wald confidence intervals, retaining the original matching reuse coefficients without re-matching. Supplied scores can be held fixed for inference conditional on those scores. This weight-only interface does not encode survey strata, clusters, or design-specific replicate weights.

Audits published or draft plant breeding tables for internal arithmetic consistency. Analysis of variance tables, precision statistics and genetic variability parameters are jointly over-determined by exact algebraic identities; BKVerify recomputes every derivable quantity using rounding-interval arithmetic and reports a value as inconsistent only when no combination of values inside the reported rounding intervals can satisfy the identity. The package deliberately restricts itself to relationships that hold irrespective of which variance-component definition an author adopted, so that flagged results reflect arithmetic inconsistency rather than methodological disagreement. Implemented checks cover analysis of variance internal structure, coefficient of variation, standard error of mean and critical difference, the genetic advance identity of Johnson, Robinson and Comstock (1955) <doi:10.2134/agronj1955.00021962004700070009x>, the relation between genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation and broad-sense heritability, and admissibility of reported correlation matrices.

Fit flexible and fully parametric hazard regression models to survival data with single event type or multiple competing causes via logistic and multinomial regression. Our formulation allows for arbitrary functional forms of time and its interactions with other predictors for time-dependent hazards and hazard ratios. From the fitted hazard model, we provide functions to readily calculate and plot cumulative incidence and survival curves for a given covariate profile. This approach accommodates any log-linear hazard function of prognostic time, treatment, and covariates, and readily allows for non-proportionality. We also provide a plot method for visualizing incidence density via population time plots. Based on the case-base sampling approach of Hanley and Miettinen (2009) <DOI:10.2202/1557-4679.1125>, Saarela and Arjas (2015) <DOI:10.1111/sjos.12125>, and Saarela (2015) <DOI:10.1007/s10985-015-9352-x>.

This package provides a standardized framework to support the selection and evaluation of parametric survival models for time-to-event data. Includes tools for visualizing survival data, checking proportional hazards assumptions (Grambsch and Therneau, 1994, <doi:10.1093/biomet/81.3.515>), comparing parametric (Ishak and colleagues, 2013, <doi:10.1007/s40273-013-0064-3>), spline (Royston and Parmar, 2002, <doi:10.1002/sim.1203>) and cure models, examining hazard functions, and evaluating model extrapolation. Methods are consistent with recommendations in the NICE Decision Support Unit Technical Support Documents (14 and 21 <https://sheffield.ac.uk/nice-dsu/tsds/survival-analysis>). Results are structured to facilitate integration into decision-analytic models, and reports can be generated with rmarkdown'. The package builds on existing tools including flexsurv (Jackson, 2016, <doi:10.18637/jss.v070.i08>)) and flexsurvcure for estimating cure models.

Numerous time series admit autoregressive moving average (ARMA) representations, in which the errors are uncorrelated but not necessarily independent. These models are called weak ARMA by opposition to the standard ARMA models, also called strong ARMA models, in which the error terms are supposed to be independent and identically distributed (iid). This package allows the study of nonlinear time series models through weak ARMA representations. It determines identification, estimation and validation for ARMA models and for AR and MA models in particular. Functions can also be used in the strong case. This package also works on white noises by omitting arguments p', q', ar and ma'. See Francq, C. and Zakoïan, J. (1998) <doi:10.1016/S0378-3758(97)00139-0> and Boubacar Maïnassara, Y. and Saussereau, B. (2018) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2017.1380030> for more details.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) methods are typically unable to quantify the expression levels of all genes in a cell, creating a need for the computational prediction of missing values (dropout imputation). Most existing dropout imputation methods are limited in the sense that they exclusively use the scRNA-seq dataset at hand and do not exploit external gene-gene relationship information. The ADImpute package proposes two methods to address this issue:

1. a gene regulatory network-based approach using gene-gene relationships learnt from external data;

2. a baseline approach corresponding to a sample-wide average.

ADImpute implements these novel methods and also combines them with existing imputation methods like DrImpute and SAVER. ADImpute can learn the best performing method per gene and combine the results from different methods into an ensemble.

This package allows one to estimate the output of a computer program, as a function of the input parameters, without actually running it. The computer program is assumed to be a Gaussian process, whose parameters are estimated using Bayesian techniques that give a PDF of expected program output. This PDF is conditional on a training set of runs, each consisting of a point in parameter space and the model output at that point. The emphasis is on complex codes that take weeks or months to run, and that have a large number of undetermined input parameters; many climate prediction models fall into this class. The emulator essentially determines Bayesian posterior estimates of the PDF of the output of a model, conditioned on results from previous runs and a user-specified prior linear model. The package includes functionality to evaluate quadratic forms efficiently.

MapScape integrates clonal prevalence, clonal hierarchy, anatomic and mutational information to provide interactive visualization of spatial clonal evolution. There are four inputs to MapScape: (i) the clonal phylogeny, (ii) clonal prevalences, (iii) an image reference, which may be a medical image or drawing and (iv) pixel locations for each sample on the referenced image. Optionally, MapScape can accept a data table of mutations for each clone and their variant allele frequencies in each sample. The output of MapScape consists of a cropped anatomical image surrounded by two representations of each tumour sample. The first, a cellular aggregate, visually displays the prevalence of each clone. The second shows a skeleton of the clonal phylogeny while highlighting only those clones present in the sample. Together, these representations enable the analyst to visualize the distribution of clones throughout anatomic space.

SCAN is a microarray normalization method to facilitate personalized-medicine workflows. Rather than processing microarray samples as groups, which can introduce biases and present logistical challenges, SCAN normalizes each sample individually by modeling and removing probe- and array-specific background noise using only data from within each array. SCAN can be applied to one-channel (e.g., Affymetrix) or two-channel (e.g., Agilent) microarrays. The Universal exPression Codes (UPC) method is an extension of SCAN that estimates whether a given gene/transcript is active above background levels in a given sample. The UPC method can be applied to one-channel or two-channel microarrays as well as to RNA-Seq read counts. Because UPC values are represented on the same scale and have an identical interpretation for each platform, they can be used for cross-platform data integration.

This package provides tools for detecting cellwise outliers and robust methods to analyze data which may contain them. Contains the implementation of the algorithms described in Rousseeuw and Van den Bossche (2018) <doi:10.1080/00401706.2017.1340909> (open access) Hubert et al. (2019) <doi:10.1080/00401706.2018.1562989> (open access), Raymaekers and Rousseeuw (2021) <doi:10.1080/00401706.2019.1677270> (open access), Raymaekers and Rousseeuw (2021) <doi:10.1007/s10994-021-05960-5> (open access), Raymaekers and Rousseeuw (2021) <doi:10.52933/jdssv.v1i3.18> (open access), Raymaekers and Rousseeuw (2022) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2023.2267777> (open access) Rousseeuw (2022) <doi:10.1016/j.ecosta.2023.01.007> (open access). Examples can be found in the vignettes: "DDC_examples", "MacroPCA_examples", "wrap_examples", "transfo_examples", "DI_examples", "cellMCD_examples" , "Correspondence_analysis_examples", and "cellwise_weights_examples".

Enhancing T cell receptor (TCR) sequence analysis, ClusTCR2', based on ClusTCR python program, leverages Hamming distance to compare the complement-determining region three (CDR3) sequences for sequence similarity, variable gene (V gene) and length. The second step employs the Markov Cluster Algorithm to identify clusters within an undirected graph, providing a summary of amino acid motifs and matrix for generating network plots. Tailored for single-cell RNA-seq data with integrated TCR-seq information, ClusTCR2 is integrated into the Single Cell TCR and Expression Grouped Ontologies (STEGO) R application or STEGO.R'. See the two publications for more details. Sebastiaan Valkiers, Max Van Houcke, Kris Laukens, Pieter Meysman (2021) <doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab446>, Kerry A. Mullan, My Ha, Sebastiaan Valkiers, Nicky de Vrij, Benson Ogunjimi, Kris Laukens, Pieter Meysman (2023) <doi:10.1101/2023.09.27.559702>.

The new (dQTG.seq1 and dQTG.seq2) and existing (SmoothLOD, G', deltaSNP and ED) bulked segregant analysis methods are used to identify various types of quantitative trait loci for complex traits via extreme phenotype individuals in bi-parental segregation populations (F2, backcross, doubled haploid and recombinant inbred line). The numbers of marker alleles in extreme low and high pools are used in existing methods to identify trait-related genes, while the numbers of marker alleles and genotypes in extreme low and high pools are used in the new methods to construct a new statistic Gw for identifying trait-related genes. dQTG-seq2 is feasible to identify extremely over-dominant and small-effect genes in F2. Li P, Li G, Zhang YW, Zuo JF, Liu JY, Zhang YM (2022, <doi: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100319>).

This package provides a two-stage procedure for the denoising and clustering of stack of noisy images acquired over time. Clustering only assumes that the data contain an unknown but small number of dynamic features. The method first denoises the signals using local spatial and full temporal information. The clustering step uses the previous output to aggregate voxels based on the knowledge of their spatial neighborhood. Both steps use a single keytool based on the statistical comparison of the difference of two signals with the null signal. No assumption is therefore required on the shape of the signals. The data are assumed to be normally distributed (or at least follow a symmetric distribution) with a known constant variance. Working pixelwise, the method can be time-consuming depending on the size of the data-array but harnesses the power of multicore cpus.