This package provides a protocol that facilitates the processing and analysis of Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry data using p-value statistics and Critical Interval analysis. It provides a pipeline for analyzing data from HDXExaminer (Sierra Analytics, Trajan Scientific), automating matching and comparison of protein states through Welch's T-test and the Critical Interval statistical framework. Additionally, it simplifies data export, generates PyMol scripts, and ensures calculations meet publication standards. HDXBoxeR assists in various aspects of hydrogen-deuterium exchange data analysis, including reprocessing data, calculating parameters, identifying significant peptides, generating plots, and facilitating comparison between protein states. For details check papers by Hageman and Weis (2019) <doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01325> and Masson et al. (2019) <doi:10.1038/s41592-019-0459-y>. HDXBoxeR citation: Janowska et al. (2024) <doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btae479>.

This package provides a fast generalized edit distance and string alignment computation mainly for linguistic aims. As a generalization to the classic edit distance algorithms, the package allows users to define custom cost for every symbol's insertion, deletion, and substitution. The package also allows character combinations in any length to be seen as a single symbol which is very useful for International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) transcriptions with diacritics. In addition to edit distance result, users can get detailed alignment information such as all possible alignment scenarios between two strings which is useful for testing, illustration or any further usage. Either the distance matrix or its long table form can be obtained and tools to do such conversions are provided. All functions in the package are implemented in C++ and the distance matrix computation is parallelized leveraging the RcppThread package.

This package provides a framework for multipurpose optimal resource allocation in survey sampling, extending the classical optimal allocation principles introduced by Tschuprow (1923) and Neyman (1934) to multidomain and multivariate allocation problems. The primary method mosalloc() allows for the consideration of precision and cost constraints at the subpopulation level while minimizing either a vector of sampling errors or survey costs across a broad range of optimal sample allocation problems. The approach supports both single- and multistage designs. For single-stage stratified random sampling, the mosallocSTRS() function offers a user- friendly interface. Sensitivity analysis is supported through the problem's dual variables, which are naturally obtained via the internal use of the Embedded Conic Solver from the ECOSolveR package. See Willems (2025, <doi:10.25353/ubtr-9200-484c-5c89>) for a detailed description of the theory behind MOSAlloc'.

This package provides a set of tools to facilitate data sonification and handle the musicXML format <https://usermanuals.musicxml.com/MusicXML/Content/XS-MusicXML.htm>. Several classes are defined for basic musical objects such as note pitch, note duration, note, measure and score. Moreover, sonification utilities functions are provided, e.g. to map data into musical attributes such as pitch, loudness or duration. A typical sonification workflow hence looks like: get data; map them to musical attributes; create and write the musicXML score, which can then be further processed using specialized music software (e.g. MuseScore', GuitarPro', etc.). Examples can be found in the blog <https://globxblog.github.io/>, the presentation by Renard and Le Bescond (2022, <https://hal.science/hal-03710340v1>) or the poster by Renard et al. (2023, <https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04388845v1>).

There is variation across AgNPs due to differences in characterization techniques and testing metrics employed in studies. To address this problem, we have developed a systematic evaluation framework called sysAgNPs'. Within this framework, Distribution Entropy (DE) is utilized to measure the uncertainty of feature categories of AgNPs, Proclivity Entropy (PE) assesses the preference of these categories, and Combination Entropy (CE) quantifies the uncertainty of feature combinations of AgNPs. Additionally, a Markov chain model is employed to examine the relationships among the sub-features of AgNPs and to determine a Transition Score (TS) scoring standard that is based on steady-state probabilities. The sysAgNPs framework provides metrics for evaluating AgNPs, which helps to unravel their complexity and facilitates effective comparisons among different AgNPs, thereby advancing the scientific research and application of these AgNPs.

Estimation, simulation, hypothesis testing, AR-order selection, and forecasting for univariate higher-order stochastic volatility SV(p) models. Supports Gaussian, Student-t, and Generalized Error Distribution (GED) innovations, with optional leverage effects. Estimation uses closed-form Winsorized ARMA-SV (W-ARMA-SV) moment-based methods that avoid numerical optimization. Hypothesis testing includes Local Monte Carlo (LMC) and Maximized Monte Carlo (MMC) procedures for leverage effects, heavy tails, and autoregressive order. AR-order selection is also available via information criteria (BIC/AIC) using the Kalman-filter quasi-likelihood and the Hannan-Rissanen ARMA residual variance. Forecasting is based on Kalman filtering and smoothing. See Ahsan and Dufour (2021) <doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2021.03.008>, Ahsan, Dufour, and Rodriguez-Rondon (2025) <doi:10.1111/jtsa.12851>, and Ahsan, Dufour, and Rodriguez-Rondon (2026) <doi:10.34989/swp-2026-8> for details.

This package provides a set of functions which use the Expectation Maximisation (EM) algorithm (Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M., and Rubin, D. B. (1977) <doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x> Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 39(1), 1--22) to take a finite mixture model approach to clustering. The package is designed to cluster multivariate data that have categorical and continuous variables and that possibly contain missing values. The method is described in Hunt, L. and Jorgensen, M. (1999) <doi:10.1111/1467-842X.00071> Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics 41(2), 153--171 and Hunt, L. and Jorgensen, M. (2003) <doi:10.1016/S0167-9473(02)00190-1> Mixture model clustering for mixed data with missing information, Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 41(3-4), 429--440.

Dichotomous responses having two categories can be analyzed with stats::glm() or lme4::glmer() using the family=binomial option. Unfortunately, polytomous responses with three or more unordered categories cannot be analyzed similarly because there is no analogous family=multinomial option. For between-subjects data, nnet::multinom() can address this need, but it cannot handle random factors and therefore cannot handle repeated measures. To address this gap, we transform nominal response data into counts for each categorical alternative. These counts are then analyzed using (mixed) Poisson regression as per Baker (1994) <doi:10.2307/2348134>. Omnibus analyses of variance can be run along with post hoc pairwise comparisons. For users wishing to analyze nominal responses from surveys or experiments, the functions in this package essentially act as though stats::glm() or lme4::glmer() provide a family=multinomial option.

In a typical microarray setting with gene expression data observed under two conditions, the local false discovery rate describes the probability that a gene is not differentially expressed between the two conditions given its corrresponding observed score or p-value level. The resulting curve of p-values versus local false discovery rate offers an insight into the twilight zone between clear differential and clear non-differential gene expression. Package twilight contains two main functions: Function twilight.pval performs a two-condition test on differences in means for a given input matrix or expression set and computes permutation based p-values. Function twilight performs a stochastic downhill search to estimate local false discovery rates and effect size distributions. The package further provides means to filter for permutations that describe the null distribution correctly. Using filtered permutations, the influence of hidden confounders could be diminished.

Simulation of the stochastic 3D structure model for the nanoporous binder-conductive additive phase in battery cathodes introduced in P. Gräfensteiner, M. Osenberg, A. Hilger, N. Bohn, J. R. Binder, I. Manke, V. Schmidt, M. Neumann (2024) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2409.11080>. The model is developed for a binder-conductive additive phase of consisting of carbon black, polyvinylidene difluoride binder and graphite particles. For its stochastic 3D modeling, a three-step procedure based on methods from stochastic geometry is used. First, the graphite particles are described by a Boolean model with ellipsoidal grains. Second, the mixture of carbon black and binder is modeled by an excursion set of a Gaussian random field in the complement of the graphite particles. Third, large pore regions within the mixture of carbon black and binder are described by a Boolean model with spherical grains.

Linear cross-section factor model fitting with least-squares and robust fitting the lmrobdetMM() function from RobStatTM'; related volatility, Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall risk and performance attribution (factor-contributed vs idiosyncratic returns); tabular displays of risk and performance reports; factor model Monte Carlo. The package authors would like to thank Chicago Research on Security Prices,LLC for the cross-section of about 300 CRSP stocks data (in the data.table object stocksCRSP', and S&P GLOBAL MARKET INTELLIGENCE for contributing 14 factor scores (a.k.a "alpha factors".and "factor exposures") fundamental data on the 300 companies in the data.table object factorSPGMI'. The stocksCRSP and factorsSPGMI data are not covered by the GPL-2 license, are not provided as open source of any kind, and they are not to be redistributed in any form.

Natural strata can be used in observational studies to balance the distributions of many covariates across any number of treatment groups and any number of comparisons. These strata have proportional amounts of units within each stratum across the treatments, allowing for simple interpretation and aggregation across strata. Within each stratum, the units are chosen using randomized rounding of a linear program that balances many covariates. For more details, see Brumberg et al. (2022) <doi:10.1111/rssa.12848> and Brumberg et al.(2023) <doi:10.1093/jrsssc/qlad010>. To solve the linear program, the Gurobi commercial optimization software is recommended, but not required. The gurobi R package can be installed by following the instructions at <https://docs.gurobi.com/projects/optimizer/en/current/reference/r/setup.html> after claiming your free academic license at <https://www.gurobi.com/academia/academic-program-and-licenses/>.

This package provides a set of maximum likelihood estimation routines for panel network autocorrelation models. The package contains functionality for fixed and random effects panel network autocorrelation model, in addition to dynamic panel network autocorrelation that contains time lags of the response and networks. Moreover, the package allows for multiple networks to be fitted. For information on the types of models estimated in this package, please see Anselin (1988) <doi:10.1007/978-94-015-7799-1>, Cook et al. (2023) <doi:10.1017/S0003055422000272>, Hays et al. (2010) <doi:10.1016/j.stamet.2009.11.005>, Lee and Yu (2012) <doi:10.1111/j.1468-2354.2012.00724.x>, Millo (2014) <doi:10.1016/j.csda.2013.07.024>, Millo and Piras (2012) <doi:10.18637/jss.v047.i01>, and Wang and Yu (2015) <doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2015.01.021>.

The textrank algorithm is an extension of the Pagerank algorithm for text. The algorithm allows to summarize text by calculating how sentences are related to one another. This is done by looking at overlapping terminology used in sentences in order to set up links between sentences. The resulting sentence network is next plugged into the Pagerank algorithm which identifies the most important sentences in your text and ranks them. In a similar way textrank can also be used to extract keywords. A word network is constructed by looking if words are following one another. On top of that network the Pagerank algorithm is applied to extract relevant words after which relevant words which are following one another are combined to get keywords. More information can be found in the paper from Mihalcea, Rada & Tarau, Paul (2004) <https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W04-3252/>.

This package provides a distribution-independent framework for Bayesian estimation of arbitrary univariate probability models using the Tierney'-'Kadane approximation ('Tierney & Kadane', 1986 <doi:10.1080/01621459.1986.10478240>). Users specify the probability distribution, likelihood, prior distributions, and censoring mechanism, while the package automatically constructs the posterior distribution, computes posterior modes and Hessian matrices, approximates posterior expectations under several Bayesian loss functions, and returns Bayesian parameter estimates, posterior covariance matrices, credible intervals, diagnostic plots, and model comparison statistics. Supports complete, right-, left-, interval-, Type-I, Type-II, progressive Type-II, hybrid, and doubly censored data ('Lawless', 2003 <ISBN:978-0-471-37215-8>; Meeker & Escobar', 1998 <ISBN:978-0-471-14328-4>; Balakrishnan & Aggarwala', 2000 <ISBN:978-0-8176-4129-0>; Kundu & Pradhan', 2009 <doi:10.1198/TECH.2009.0019>), making it a flexible tool for Bayesian reliability, survival, and lifetime data analysis.

This package provides convenience functions for common data modification and analysis tasks in communication research. This includes functions for univariate and bivariate data analysis, index generation and reliability computation, and intercoder reliability tests. All functions follow the style and syntax of the tidyverse, and are construed to perform their computations on multiple variables at once. Functions for univariate and bivariate data analysis comprise summary statistics for continuous and categorical variables, as well as several tests of bivariate association including effect sizes. Functions for data modification comprise index generation and automated reliability analysis of index variables. Functions for intercoder reliability comprise tests of several intercoder reliability estimates, including simple and mean pairwise percent agreement, Krippendorff's Alpha (Krippendorff 2004, ISBN: 9780761915454), and various Kappa coefficients (Brennan & Prediger 1981 <doi: 10.1177/001316448104100307>; Cohen 1960 <doi: 10.1177/001316446002000104>; Fleiss 1971 <doi: 10.1037/h0031619>).

An R frontend for the WhiteboxTools library, which is an advanced geospatial data analysis platform developed by Prof. John Lindsay at the University of Guelph's Geomorphometry and Hydrogeomatics Research Group. WhiteboxTools can be used to perform common geographical information systems (GIS) analysis operations, such as cost-distance analysis, distance buffering, and raster reclassification. Remote sensing and image processing tasks include image enhancement (e.g. panchromatic sharpening, contrast adjustments), image mosaicing, numerous filtering operations, simple classification (k-means), and common image transformations. WhiteboxTools also contains advanced tooling for spatial hydrological analysis (e.g. flow-accumulation, watershed delineation, stream network analysis, sink removal), terrain analysis (e.g. common terrain indices such as slope, curvatures, wetness index, hillshading; hypsometric analysis; multi-scale topographic position analysis), and LiDAR data processing. Suggested citation: Lindsay (2016) <doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2016.07.003>.

LOBSTAHS is a multifunction package for screening, annotation, and putative identification of mass spectral features in large, HPLC-MS lipid datasets. In silico data for a wide range of lipids, oxidized lipids, and oxylipins can be generated from user-supplied structural criteria with a database generation function. LOBSTAHS then applies these databases to assign putative compound identities to features in any high-mass accuracy dataset that has been processed using xcms and CAMERA. Users can then apply a series of orthogonal screening criteria based on adduct ion formation patterns, chromatographic retention time, and other properties, to evaluate and assign confidence scores to this list of preliminary assignments. During the screening routine, LOBSTAHS rejects assignments that do not meet the specified criteria, identifies potential isomers and isobars, and assigns a variety of annotation codes to assist the user in evaluating the accuracy of each assignment.

Synapsis is a Bioconductor software package for automated (unbiased and reproducible) analysis of meiotic immunofluorescence datasets. The primary functions of the software can i) identify cells in meiotic prophase that are labelled by a synaptonemal complex axis or central element protein, ii) isolate individual synaptonemal complexes and measure their physical length, iii) quantify foci and co-localise them with synaptonemal complexes, iv) measure interference between synaptonemal complex-associated foci. The software has applications that extend to multiple species and to the analysis of other proteins that label meiotic prophase chromosomes. The software converts meiotic immunofluorescence images into R data frames that are compatible with machine learning methods. Given a set of microscopy images of meiotic spread slides, synapsis crops images around individual single cells, counts colocalising foci on strands on a per cell basis, and measures the distance between foci on any given strand.

Implementation of No-Effect-Concentration estimation that uses brms (see Burkner (2017)<doi:10.18637/jss.v080.i01>; Burkner (2018)<doi:10.32614/RJ-2018-017>; Carpenter et al. (2017)<doi:10.18637/jss.v076.i01> to fit concentration(dose)-response data using Bayesian methods for the purpose of estimating ECx values, but more particularly NEC (see Fox (2010)<doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.09.012>), NSEC (see Fisher and Fox (2023)<doi:10.1002/etc.5610>), and N(S)EC (see Fisher et al. 2023<doi:10.1002/ieam.4809>). A full description of this package can be found in Fisher et al. (2024)<doi:10.18637/jss.v110.i05>. This package expands and supersedes an original version implemented in R2jags (see Su and Yajima (2020)<https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=R2jags>; Fisher et al. (2020)<doi:10.5281/ZENODO.3966864>).

Computes confidence intervals for the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) based on varied scenarios. In situations where the proportion of diseased subjects does not correspond to the disease prevalence (e.g. case-control studies), this package provides two types of solutions: 1) five methods for estimating confidence intervals for PPV and NPV via ratio of two binomial proportions including Gart & Nam (1988), Walter (1975), MOVER-J (Laud, 2017), Fieller (1954), and Bootstrap (Efron, 1979); 2) three direct methods that compute the confidence intervals including Pepe (2003), Zhou (2007), and Delta. In prospective studies where the proportion of diseased subjects is an unbiased estimate of the disease prevalence, this package provides several methods for calculating the confidence intervals for PPV and NPV including Clopper-Pearson, Wald, Wilson, Agresti-Coull, and Beta. See the Details and References sections in the corresponding functions.

Deep compositional spatial models are standard spatial covariance models coupled with an injective warping function of the spatial domain. The warping function is constructed through a composition of multiple elemental injective functions in a deep-learning framework. The package implements two cases for the univariate setting; first, when these warping functions are known up to some weights that need to be estimated, and, second, when the weights in each layer are random. In the multivariate setting only the former case is available. Estimation and inference is done using `tensorflow`, which makes use of graphics processing units. For more details see Zammit-Mangion et al. (2022) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2021.1887741>, Vu et al. (2022) <doi:10.5705/ss.202020.0156>, Vu et al. (2023) <doi:10.1016/j.spasta.2023.100742>, and Shao et al. (2025) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2505.12548>.

This package implements bivariate and Multivariate Quantile-on-Quantile Granger causality tests building on the Quantile-on-Quantile regression framework of Sim and Zhou (2015) <doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2015.01.013> and the quantile Granger causality test of Troster (2018) <doi:10.1080/07474938.2016.1172400>. The bivariate test estimates the local-linear slope in the quantile regression of y_t on lagged x_t with lagged y_t as control, using Gaussian kernel weights, and tests it against zero by paired bootstrap. The multivariate (conditional) test additionally conditions on a set of moderators Z and optional x times Z interaction terms, in the spirit of Sinha, Ghosh, Hussain, Nguyen and Das (2023) <doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2023.107021>. A Sup-Wald summary across the quantile grid is also provided. Heatmaps and 3D surfaces default to the MATLAB Parula colour map.

Illustrate graphically the most common Null Hypothesis Significance Testing procedures. More specifically, this package provides functions to plot Chi-Squared, F, t (one- and two-tailed) and z (one- and two-tailed) tests, by plotting the probability density under the null hypothesis as a function of the different test statistic values. Although highly flexible (color theme, fonts, etc.), only the minimal number of arguments (observed test statistic, degrees of freedom) are necessary for a clear and useful graph to be plotted, with the observed test statistic and the p value, as well as their corresponding value labels. The axes are automatically scaled to present the relevant part and the overall shape of the probability density function. This package is especially intended for education purposes, as it provides a helpful support to help explain the Null Hypothesis Significance Testing process, its use and/or shortcomings.