Applies the change-in-effect estimate method to assess confounding effects in medical and epidemiological research (Greenland & Pearce (2016) <doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122559> ). It starts with a crude model including only the outcome and exposure variables. At each of the subsequent steps, one variable which creates the largest change among the remaining variables is selected. This process is repeated until all variables have been entered into the model (Wang Z. Stata Journal 2007; 7, Number 2, pp. 183â 196). Currently, the chest package has functions for linear regression, logistic regression, negative binomial regression, Cox proportional hazards model and conditional logistic regression.

This package provides functions for identification and transportation of causal effects. Provides a conditional causal effect identification algorithm (IDC) by Shpitser, I. and Pearl, J. (2006) <http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r329-uai.pdf>, an algorithm for transportability from multiple domains with limited experiments by Bareinboim, E. and Pearl, J. (2014) <http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r443.pdf>, and a selection bias recovery algorithm by Bareinboim, E. and Tian, J. (2015) <http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r445.pdf>. All of the previously mentioned algorithms are based on a causal effect identification algorithm by Tian , J. (2002) <http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r309.pdf>.

Accuracy metrics are commonly used to assess the discriminating ability of diagnostic tests or biomarkers. Among them, metrics based on the ROC framework are particularly popular. When classification involves subclasses, the package CompClassMetrics includes functions that can provide the point estimate, confidence interval as well as true values if a parametric setting is known. For more details see Nan and Tian (2025) <doi:10.1177/09622802251343600>, Nan and Tian (2023) <doi:10.1002/sim.9908>, Feng and Tian (2020) <doi:10.1177/0962280220938077> and Wang et al (2016) <doi:10.1002/sim.6843>.

Package encapsulates standard expressions for distances, times, luminosities, and other quantities useful in observational cosmology, including molecular line observations. Currently coded for a flat universe only.

This package implements the Capability-Ecological Developmental Model (CEDM) for longitudinal and multilevel data. The package supports estimation and interpretation of models examining how socioeconomic status (SES), health indicators, and contextual factors jointly relate to academic outcomes. Functionality includes: (1) classification of ecological capability regimes (amplifying, neutral, compensatory); (2) estimation of moderated multilevel models with higher-order interaction terms; (3) causal mediation analysis using doubly robust estimation; (4) random-effects within-between (REWB) decomposition; (5) nonlinear moderation using restricted cubic splines; (6) clustering of longitudinal health trajectories; and (7) sensitivity analysis using the impact threshold for a confounding variable (ITCV) and robustness-to-replacement (RIR) measures. The package is designed for use with general longitudinal multilevel datasets.

Sampling from the Cholesky factorization of a Wishart random variable, sampling from the inverse Wishart distribution, sampling from the Cholesky factorization of an inverse Wishart random variable, sampling from the pseudo Wishart distribution, sampling from the generalized inverse Wishart distribution, computing densities for the Wishart and inverse Wishart distributions, and computing the multivariate gamma and digamma functions. Provides a header file so the C functions can be called directly from other programs.

Use three methods to estimate parameters from a mediation analysis with a binary misclassified mediator. These methods correct for the problem of "label switching" using Youden's J criteria. A detailed description of the analysis methods is available in Webb and Wells (2024), "Effect estimation in the presence of a misclassified binary mediator" <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2407.06970>.

This package provides functions to perform statistical inference of data organized in contingency tables. This package is a companion to the "Statistical Analysis of Contingency Tables" book by Fagerland et al. <ISBN 9781466588172>.

Computes confidence intervals for the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) based on varied scenarios. In situations where the proportion of diseased subjects does not correspond to the disease prevalence (e.g. case-control studies), this package provides two types of solutions: 1) five methods for estimating confidence intervals for PPV and NPV via ratio of two binomial proportions including Gart & Nam (1988), Walter (1975), MOVER-J (Laud, 2017), Fieller (1954), and Bootstrap (Efron, 1979); 2) three direct methods that compute the confidence intervals including Pepe (2003), Zhou (2007), and Delta. In prospective studies where the proportion of diseased subjects is an unbiased estimate of the disease prevalence, this package provides several methods for calculating the confidence intervals for PPV and NPV including Clopper-Pearson, Wald, Wilson, Agresti-Coull, and Beta. See the Details and References sections in the corresponding functions.

This package provides a tool for matching ICD-10 codes to corresponding Clinical Classification Software Refined (CCSR) codes. The main function, CCSRfind(), identifies each CCSR code that applies to an individual given their diagnosis codes. It also provides a summary of CCSR codes that are matched to a dataset. The package contains 3 datasets: DXCCSR (mapping of ICD-10 codes to CCSR codes), Legend (conversion of DXCCSR to CCSRfind-usable format for CCSR codes with less than or equal to 1000 ICD-10 diagnosis codes), and LegendExtend (conversion of DXCCSR to CCSRfind-usable format for CCSR codes with more than 1000 ICD-10 dx codes). The disc() function applies grepl() ('base') to multiple columns and is used in CCSRfind().

This code provides several different functions for cleaning and analyzing continuous glucose monitor data. Currently it works with Dexcom', iPro 2', Diasend', Libre', or Carelink data. The cleandata() function takes a directory of CGM data files and prepares them for analysis. cgmvariables() iterates through a directory of cleaned CGM data files and produces a single spreadsheet with data for each file in either rows or columns. The column format of this spreadsheet is compatible with REDCap data upload. cgmreport() also iterates through a directory of cleaned data, and produces PDFs of individual and aggregate AGP plots. Please visit <https://github.com/childhealthbiostatscore/R-Packages/> to download the new-user guide.

Estimates the per-person conditional standard error of measurement (CSEM) under the persons-by-items single-facet crossed design of Generalizability Theory, following Brennan (1998) <doi:10.1177/014662169802200401>. Implements three estimators of the relative error variance (full, large_a, uncorrelated) and the closed-form absolute error variance, with both analytical and item-resampling bootstrap sampling variances, quadratic smoothing of CSEMs on observed score, D-study extrapolation, and base-graphics plotting.

This package provides tools for fitting continuous-time autoregressive (CAR) and complex CAR (CZAR) models for irregularly sampled time series using an exact Gaussian state-space formulation and Kalman filtering/smoothing. Implements maximum-likelihood estimation with stable parameterizations of characteristic roots, model selection via AIC, residual and spectral diagnostics, forecasting and simulation, and extraction of fitted state estimates. Methods are described in Wang (2013) <doi:10.18637/jss.v053.i05>.

The user first provides design vectors n, a and b as well as null (p0) and alternative (p1) benchmark values for the probability of success. The key function "mv.plots.SM()" calculates mean values of exact upper and lower limits based on four different rank ordering methods. These plots form the basis of selecting a rank ordering. The function "inference()" calculates exact limits from a provided realisation and ordering choice. For more information, see "Exact confidence limits after a group sequential single arm binary trial" by Lloyd, C.J. (2020), Statistics in Medicine, Volume 38, 2389-2399, <doi:10.1002/sim.8909>.

Employs a two-parameter family of distributions for modelling random variables on the (0, 1) interval by applying the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of one parent distribution to the quantile function of another.

Programmatic access to the microdata of the Bolivian population and housing censuses of 1976, 1992, 2001, 2012 and 2024, published by the National Statistics Institute of Bolivia (INE, <https://www.ine.gob.bo/>). Data files in Apache Parquet format are downloaded on demand from a companion data repository, cached locally, and can be filtered by department, province or municipality. Supports dplyr workflows through Apache Arrow and SQL queries through DuckDB'. Includes variable dictionaries for every census year with a thematic taxonomy and contextual metadata (reference population, questionnaire item number and provenance of each variable), derived from the census questionnaires and from the Data Documentation Initiative (DDI) files of the INE ANDA catalogue; functions to harmonise variables across censuses for temporal comparison; and choropleth maps at the department and municipality level. Also includes the 2024 census aggregates for urban blocks and rural communities, with their geometries. Documentation and messages are in Spanish, the language of the source data.

Frequentist statistical inference for cluster randomised trials with multiple outcomes that controls the family-wise error rate and provides nominal coverage of confidence sets. A full description of the methods can be found in Watson et al. (2023) <doi:10.1002/sim.9831>.

An implementation of the probability mass function, cumulative density function, quantile function, random number generator, maximum likelihood estimator, and p-value generator from a conditional hypergeometric distribution: the distribution of how many items are in the overlap of all samples when samples of arbitrary size are each taken without replacement from populations of arbitrary size.

This package implements methods for querying data from CalPASS using its API. CalPASS Plus. MMAP API V1. <https://mmap.calpassplus.org/docs/index.html>.

This package implements a specific form of segmented linear regression with two independent variables. The visualization of that function looks like a quarter segment of a cowbell giving the package its name. The package has been specifically constructed for the case where minimum and maximum value of the dependent and two independent variables are known a prior, which is usually the case when those values are derived from Likert scales.

This function conducts the Cochran-Armitage trend test to a 2 by k contingency table. It will report the test statistic (Z) and p-value.A linear trend in the frequencies will be calculated, because the weights (0,1,2) will be used by default.

This package implements a wide range of dose escalation designs. The focus is on model-based designs, ranging from classical and modern continual reassessment methods (CRMs) based on dose-limiting toxicity endpoints to dual-endpoint designs taking into account a biomarker/efficacy outcome. Bayesian inference is performed via MCMC sampling in JAGS, and it is easy to setup a new design with custom JAGS code. However, it is also possible to implement 3+3 designs for comparison or models with non-Bayesian estimation. The whole package is written in a modular form in the S4 class system, making it very flexible for adaptation to new models, escalation or stopping rules. Further details are presented in Sabanés Bové et al. (2019) <doi:10.18637/jss.v089.i10>.

Clustering methods, which (if asked) can provide step-by-step explanations of the algorithms used, as described in Ezugwu et. al., (2022) <doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2022.104743>; and datasets to test them on, which highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each technique, as presented in the clustering section of scikit-learn (Pedregosa et al., 2011) <https://jmlr.csail.mit.edu/papers/v12/pedregosa11a.html>.

This package provides composable optimization strategies for maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Solvers are first-class functions that combine via sequential chaining, parallel racing, and random restarts. Implements gradient ascent, Newton-Raphson, quasi-Newton (BFGS), and derivative-free methods with support for constrained optimization and tracing. Returns mle objects compatible with algebraic.mle for downstream analysis. Methods based on Nocedal J, Wright SJ (2006) "Numerical Optimization" <doi:10.1007/978-0-387-40065-5>.