Numerical integration with Gram polynomials (based on <arXiv:2106.14875> [math.NA] 28 Jun 2021, by Irfan Muhammad [School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, UK]).

Genomic signatures represent unique features within a species DNA, enabling the differentiation of species and offering broad applications across various fields. This package provides essential tools for calculating these specific signatures, streamlining the process for researchers and offering a comprehensive and time-saving solution for genomic analysis.The amino acid contents are identified based on the work published by Sandberg et al. (2003) <doi:10.1016/s0378-1119(03)00581-x> and Xiao et al. (2015) <doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btv042>. The Average Mutual Information Profiles (AMIP) values are calculated based on the work of Bauer et al. (2008) <doi:10.1186/1471-2105-9-48>. The Chaos Game Representation (CGR) plot visualization was done based on the work of Deschavanne et al. (1999) <doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026048> and Jeffrey et al. (1990) <doi:10.1093/nar/18.8.2163>. The GC content is calculated based on the work published by Nakabachi et al. (2006) <doi:10.1126/science.1134196> and Barbu et al. (1956) <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13363015>. The Oligonucleotide Frequency Derived Error Gradient (OFDEG) values are computed based on the work published by Saeed et al. (2009) <doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-S3-S10>. The Relative Synonymous Codon Usage (RSCU) values are calculated based on the work published by Elek (2018) <https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:217:686131>.

Access and analyze multi-band greenspace seasonality data cubes (available for 1,028 major global cities), global Normalized Difference Vegetation Index / land cover data from the European Space Agency WorldCover 10m Dataset, and Sentinel-2-l2a images. Users can download data using bounding boxes, city names, and filter by year or seasonal time window. The package also supports calculating human exposure to greenspace using a population-weighted greenspace exposure model introduced by Chen et al. (2022) <doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32258-4> based on Global Human Settlement Layer population data, and calculating a set of greenspace morphology metrics at patch and landscape levels.

This package implements iterative conditional expectation (ICE) estimators of the plug-in g-formula (Wen, Young, Robins, and Hernán (2020) <doi: 10.1111/biom.13321>). Both singly robust and doubly robust ICE estimators based on parametric models are available. The package can be used to estimate survival curves under sustained treatment strategies (interventions) using longitudinal data with time-varying treatments, time-varying confounders, censoring, and competing events. The interventions can be static or dynamic, and deterministic or stochastic (including threshold interventions). Both prespecified and user-defined interventions are available.

This package provides functions and data are provided that support a course that emphasizes statistical issues of inference and generalizability. The functions are designed to make it straightforward to illustrate the use of cross-validation, the training/test approach, simulation, and model-based estimates of accuracy. Methods considered are Generalized Additive Modeling, Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis, Tree-based methods, and Random Forests.

Shiny application for the analysis of groundwater monitoring data, designed to work with simple time-series data for solute concentration and ground water elevation, but can also plot non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) thickness if required. Also provides the import of a site basemap in GIS shapefile format.

Estimation of generalized linear models with correlated/clustered observations by use of generalized estimating equations (GEE). See e.g. Halekoh and Højsgaard, (2005, <doi:10.18637/jss.v015.i02>), for details. Several types of clustering are supported, including exchangeable variance structures, AR1 structures, M-dependent, user-specified variance structures and more. The model fitting computations are performed using modified code from the geeM package, while the interface and output objects have been written to resemble the geepack package. The package also contains additional tools for working with and inspecting results from the geepack package, e.g. a confint method for geeglm objects from geepack'.

Google offers public access to global search volumes from its search engine through the Google Trends portal. The package downloads these search volumes provided by Google Trends and uses them to measure and analyze the distribution of search scores across countries or within countries. The package allows researchers and analysts to use these search scores to investigate global trends based on patterns within these scores. This offers insights such as degree of internationalization of firms and organizations or dissemination of political, social, or technological trends across the globe or within single countries. An outline of the package's methodological foundations and potential applications is available as a working paper: <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3969013>.

This is a dataset package for GANPA, which implements a network-based gene weighting approach to pathway analysis. This package includes data useful for GANPA, such as a functional association network, pathways, an expression dataset and multi-subunit proteins.

The goal of gsDesign2 is to enable fixed or group sequential design under non-proportional hazards. To enable highly flexible enrollment, time-to-event and time-to-dropout assumptions, gsDesign2 offers piecewise constant enrollment, failure rates, and dropout rates for a stratified population. This package includes three methods for designs: average hazard ratio, weighted logrank tests in Yung and Liu (2019) <doi:10.1111/biom.13196>, and MaxCombo tests. Substantial flexibility on top of what is in the gsDesign package is intended for selecting boundaries.

The purpose is to account for the random displacements (jittering) of true survey household cluster center coordinates in geostatistical analyses of Demographic and Health Surveys program (DHS) data. Adjustment for jittering can be implemented either in the spatial random effect, or in the raster/distance based covariates, or in both. Detailed information about the methods behind the package functionality can be found in our two papers. Umut Altay, John Paige, Andrea Riebler, Geir-Arne Fuglstad (2024) <doi:10.32614/RJ-2024-027>. Umut Altay, John Paige, Andrea Riebler, Geir-Arne Fuglstad (2023) <doi:10.1177/1471082X231219847>.

This package performs Granger causality tests on pairs of time series to determine causal relationships. Uses Vector Autoregressive (VAR) models to test whether one time series helps predict another beyond what the series own past values provide. Returns structured results including p-values, test statistics, and causality conclusions for both directions.

This package performs generalized Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) modeling to predict epidemic curves. The method is described in Peng et al. (2020) <doi:10.1101/2020.02.16.20023465>.

Specification, analysis, simulation, and fitting of generalised linear mixed models. Includes Markov Chain Monte Carlo Maximum likelihood model fitting for a range of models, non-linear fixed effect specifications, a wide range of flexible covariance functions that can be combined arbitrarily, robust and bias-corrected standard error estimation, power calculation, data simulation, and more.

Readable, complete and pretty graphs for correspondence analysis made with FactoMineR'. They can be rendered as interactive HTML plots, showing useful informations at mouse hover. The interest is not mainly visual but statistical: it helps the reader to keep in mind the data contained in the cross-table or Burt table while reading the correspondence analysis, thus preventing over-interpretation. Most graphs are made with ggplot2', which means that you can use the + syntax to manually add as many graphical pieces you want, or change theme elements. 3D graphs are made with plotly'.

This package provides tools to download data from geoBoundaries <https://www.geoboundaries.org/>. Several administration levels available. See Runfola, D. et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLOS ONE 15(4): 1-9. <doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231866>.

This package provides methods for searching through genealogical data and displaying the results. Plotting algorithms assist with data exploration and publication-quality image generation. Includes interactive genealogy visualization tools. Provides parsing and calculation methods for variables in descendant branches of interest. Uses the Grammar of Graphics.

This package provides a comprehensive suite of genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods specifically designed for biobank-scale data, including but not limited to, robust approaches for time-to-event traits (Li et al., 2025 <doi:10.1038/s43588-025-00864-z>) and ordinal categorical traits (Bi et al., 2021 <doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.03.019>). The package also offers general frameworks for GWAS of any trait type (Bi et al., 2020 <doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.003>), while accounting for sample relatedness (Xu et al., 2025 <doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56669-1>) or population structure (Ma et al., 2025 <doi:10.1186/s13059-025-03827-9>). By accurately approximating score statistic distributions using saddlepoint approximation (SPA), these methods can effectively control type I error rates for rare variants and in the presence of unbalanced phenotype distributions. Additionally, the package includes functions for simulating genotype and phenotype data to support research and method development.

Several Goodness-of-Fit (GoF) tests for Copulae are provided. A new hybrid test, Zhang et al. (2016) <doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2016.02.017> is implemented which supports all of the individual tests in the package, e.g. Genest et al. (2009) <doi:10.1016/j.insmatheco.2007.10.005>. Estimation methods for the margins are provided and all the tests support parameter estimation and predefined values. The parameters are estimated by pseudo maximum likelihood but if it fails the estimation switches automatically to inversion of Kendall's tau. For reproducibility of results, the functions support the definition of seeds. Also all the tests support automatized parallelization of the bootstrapping tasks. The package provides an interface to perform new GoF tests by submitting the test statistic.

Efficient algorithms for fitting the regularization path of linear regression, GLM, and Cox regression models with grouped penalties. This includes group selection methods such as group lasso, group MCP, and group SCAD as well as bi-level selection methods such as the group exponential lasso, the composite MCP, and the group bridge. For more information, see Breheny and Huang (2009) <doi:10.4310/sii.2009.v2.n3.a10>, Huang, Breheny, and Ma (2012) <doi:10.1214/12-sts392>, Breheny and Huang (2015) <doi:10.1007/s11222-013-9424-2>, and Breheny (2015) <doi:10.1111/biom.12300>, or visit the package homepage <https://pbreheny.github.io/grpreg/>.

OpenAI Gym is a open-source Python toolkit for developing and comparing reinforcement learning algorithms. This is a wrapper for the OpenAI Gym API, and enables access to an ever-growing variety of environments. For more details on OpenAI Gym, please see here: <https://github.com/openai/gym>. For more details on the OpenAI Gym API specification, please see here: <https://github.com/openai/gym-http-api>.

The web service at <https://www.geonames.org/> provides a number of spatial data queries, including administrative area hierarchies, city locations and some country postal code queries. A (free) username is required and rate limits exist.

This package provides additional display mediums for time series visualisations.

This package contains a function called gds() which accepts three input parameters like lower limits, upper limits and the frequencies of the corresponding classes. The gds() function calculate and return the values of mean ('gmean'), median ('gmedian'), mode ('gmode'), variance ('gvar'), standard deviation ('gstdev'), coefficient of variance ('gcv'), quartiles ('gq1', gq2', gq3'), inter-quartile range ('gIQR'), skewness ('g1'), and kurtosis ('g2') which facilitate effective data analysis. For skewness and kurtosis calculations we use moments.