This package implements two estimations related to the foundations of info metrics applied to ecological inference. These methodologies assess the lack of disaggregated data and provide an approach to obtaining disaggregated territorial-level data. For more details, see the following references: Fernández-Vázquez, E., Dà az-Dapena, A., Rubiera-Morollón, F. et al. (2020) "Spatial Disaggregation of Social Indicators: An Info-Metrics Approach." <doi:10.1007/s11205-020-02455-z>. Dà az-Dapena, A., Fernández-Vázquez, E., Rubiera-Morollón, F., & Vinuela, A. (2021) "Mapping poverty at the local level in Europe: A consistent spatial disaggregation of the AROPE indicator for France, Spain, Portugal and the United Kingdom." <doi:10.1111/rsp3.12379>.
Package for training interpretable machine learning models. Historically, the most interpretable machine learning models were not very accurate, and the most accurate models were not very interpretable. Microsoft Research has developed an algorithm called the Explainable Boosting Machine (EBM) which has both high accuracy and interpretable characteristics. EBM uses machine learning techniques like bagging and boosting to breathe new life into traditional GAMs (Generalized Additive Models). This makes them as accurate as random forests and gradient boosted trees, and also enhances their intelligibility and editability. Details on the EBM algorithm can be found in the paper by Rich Caruana, Yin Lou, Johannes Gehrke, Paul Koch, Marc Sturm, and Noemie Elhadad (2015, <doi:10.1145/2783258.2788613>).
The Piece-wise exponential (Additive Mixed) Model (PAMM; Bender and others (2018) <doi: 10.1177/1471082X17748083>) is a powerful model class for the analysis of survival (or time-to-event) data, based on Generalized Additive (Mixed) Models (GA(M)Ms). It offers intuitive specification and robust estimation of complex survival models with stratified baseline hazards, random effects, time-varying effects, time-dependent covariates and cumulative effects (Bender and others (2019)), as well as support for left-truncated data as well as competing risks, recurrent events and multi-state settings. pammtools provides tidy workflow for survival analysis with PAMMs, including data simulation, transformation and other functions for data preprocessing and model post-processing as well as visualization.
In the single cell World, which includes flow cytometry, mass cytometry, single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), and others, there is a need to improve data visualisation and to bring analysis capabilities to researchers even from non-technical backgrounds. scDataviz attempts to fit into this space, while also catering for advanced users. Additonally, due to the way that scDataviz is designed, which is based on SingleCellExperiment, it has a plug and play feel, and immediately lends itself as flexibile and compatibile with studies that go beyond scDataviz. Finally, the graphics in scDataviz are generated via the ggplot engine, which means that users can add on features to these with ease.
Variable selection for latent class analysis for model-based clustering of multivariate categorical data. The package implements a general framework for selecting the subset of variables with relevant clustering information and discard those that are redundant and/or not informative. The variable selection method is based on the approach of Fop et al. (2017) <doi:10.1214/17-AOAS1061> and Dean and Raftery (2010) <doi:10.1007/s10463-009-0258-9>. Different algorithms are available to perform the selection: stepwise, swap-stepwise and evolutionary stochastic search. Concomitant covariates used to predict the class membership probabilities can also be included in the latent class analysis model. The selection procedure can be run in parallel on multiple cores machines.
This package provides a toolbox to facilitate the calculation of political system indicators for researchers. This package offers a variety of basic indicators related to electoral systems, party systems, elections, and parliamentary studies, as well as others. Main references are: Loosemore and Hanby (1971) <doi:10.1017/S000712340000925X>; Gallagher (1991) <doi:10.1016/0261-3794(91)90004-C>; Laakso and Taagepera (1979) <doi:10.1177/001041407901200101>; Rae (1968) <doi:10.1177/001041406800100305>; HirschmaÅ (1945) <ISBN:0-520-04082-1>; Kesselman (1966) <doi:10.2307/1953769>; Jones and Mainwaring (2003) <doi:10.1177/13540688030092002>; Rice (1925) <doi:10.2307/2142407>; Pedersen (1979) <doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1979.tb01267.x>; SANTOS (2002) <ISBN:85-225-0395-8>.
This package provides methods for the computation of surface/image texture indices using a geostatistical based approach (Trevisani et al. (2023) <doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.108838>). It provides various functions for the computation of surface texture indices (e.g., omnidirectional roughness and roughness anisotropy), including the ones based on the robust MAD estimator. The kernels included in the software permit also to calculate the surface/image texture indices directly from the input surface (i.e., without de-trending) using increments of order 2. It also provides the new radial roughness index (RRI), representing the improvement of the popular topographic roughness index (TRI). The framework can be easily extended with ad-hoc surface/image texture indices.
A workflow is an object that can bundle together your pre-processing, modeling, and post-processing requests. For example, if you have a recipe and parsnip model, these can be combined into a workflow. The advantages are:
You don’t have to keep track of separate objects in your workspace.
The recipe prepping and model fitting can be executed using a single call to
fit().If you have custom tuning parameter settings, these can be defined using a simpler interface when combined with
tune.In the future, workflows will be able to add post-processing operations, such as modifying the probability cutoff for two-class models.
Survival analysis is employed to model the time it takes for events to occur. Survival model examines the relationship between survival and one or more predictors, usually termed covariates in the survival-analysis literature. To this end, Cox-proportional (Cox-PH) hazard rate model introduced in a seminal paper by Cox (1972) <doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x>, is a broadly applicable and the most widely used method of survival analysis. This package can be used to estimate the effect of fixed and time-dependent covariates and also to compute the survival probabilities of the lactation of dairy animal. This package has been developed using algorithm of Klein and Moeschberger (2003) <doi:10.1007/b97377>.
Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBV) are state variables with dimensions on time, space, and biological organization that document biodiversity change. Freely available ecosystem remote sensing products (ERSP) are downloaded and integrated with data for national or regional domains to derive indicators for EBV in the class ecosystem structure (Pereira et al., 2013) <doi:10.1126/science.1229931>, including horizontal ecosystem extents, fragmentation, and information-theory indices. To process ERSP, users must provide a polygon or geographic administrative data map. Downloadable ERSP include Global Surface Water (Peckel et al., 2016) <doi:10.1038/nature20584>, Forest Change (Hansen et al., 2013) <doi:10.1126/science.1244693>, and Continuous Tree Cover data (Sexton et al., 2013) <doi:10.1080/17538947.2013.786146>.
Process GPS and accelerometry data to generate walk bouts. A walk bout is a period of activity with accelerometer movement matching the patterns of walking with corresponding GPS measurements that confirm travel. The inputs of the walkboutr package are individual-level accelerometry and GPS data. The outputs of the model are walk bouts with corresponding times, duration, and summary statistics on the sample population, which collapse all personally identifying information. These bouts can be used to measure walking both as an outcome of a change to the built environment or as a predictor of health outcomes such as a cardioprotective behavior. Kang B, Moudon AV, Hurvitz PM, Saelens BE (2017) <doi:10.1016/j.trd.2017.09.026>.
The NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) represents the largest public repository of microarray data. However, finding data of interest can be challenging using current tools. GEOmetadb is an attempt to make access to the metadata associated with samples, platforms, and datasets much more feasible. This is accomplished by parsing all the NCBI GEO metadata into a SQLite database that can be stored and queried locally. GEOmetadb is simply a thin wrapper around the SQLite database along with associated documentation. Finally, the SQLite database is updated regularly as new data is added to GEO and can be downloaded at will for the most up-to-date metadata. GEOmetadb paper: http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/24/23/2798 .
This R package supports the handling and analysis of imaging mass cytometry and other highly multiplexed imaging data. The main functionality includes reading in single-cell data after image segmentation and measurement, data formatting to perform channel spillover correction and a number of spatial analysis approaches. First, cell-cell interactions are detected via spatial graph construction; these graphs can be visualized with cells representing nodes and interactions representing edges. Furthermore, per cell, its direct neighbours are summarized to allow spatial clustering. Per image/grouping level, interactions between types of cells are counted, averaged and compared against random permutations. In that way, types of cells that interact more (attraction) or less (avoidance) frequently than expected by chance are detected.
Computes and integrates daily potential evapotranspiration (PET) and a soil water balance model. It allows users to estimate and predict the wet season calendar, including onset, cessation, and duration, based on an agroclimatic approach for a specified period. This functionality helps in managing agricultural water resources more effectively. For detailed methodologies, users can refer to Allen et al. (1998, ISBN:92-5-104219-5); Allen (2005, ISBN:9780784408056); Doorenbos and Pruitt (1975, ISBN:9251002797); Guo et al. (2016) <doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.12.019>; Hargreaves and Samani (1985) <doi:10.13031/2013.26773>; Priestley and Taylor (1972) <https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/apme/18/7/1520-0450_1979_018_0898_tptema_2_0_co_2.xml>.
Computational topology, which enables topological data analysis (TDA), makes pervasive use of abstract mathematical objects called simplicial complexes; see Edelsbrunner and Harer (2010) <doi:10.1090/mbk/069>. Several R packages and other software libraries used through an R interface construct and use data structures that represent simplicial complexes, including mathematical graphs viewed as 1-dimensional complexes. This package provides coercers (converters) between these data structures. Currently supported structures are complete lists of simplices as used by TDA'; the simplex trees of Boissonnat and Maria (2014) <doi:10.1007/s00453-014-9887-3> as implemented in simplextree and in Python GUDHI (by way of reticulate'); and the graph classes of igraph and network', by way of the intergraph package.
This package provides a collection of parametric and nonparametric methods for the analysis of survival data. Parametric families implemented include Gompertz-Makeham, exponential and generalized Pareto models and extended models. The package includes an implementation of the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator for arbitrary truncation and censoring pattern based on Turnbull (1976) <doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1976.tb01597.x>, along with graphical goodness-of-fit diagnostics. Parametric models for positive random variables and peaks over threshold models based on extreme value theory are described in Rootzén and Zholud (2017) <doi:10.1007/s10687-017-0305-5>; Belzile et al. (2021) <doi:10.1098/rsos.202097> and Belzile et al. (2022) <doi:10.1146/annurev-statistics-040120-025426>.
Random forests are a statistical learning method widely used in many areas of scientific research essentially for its ability to learn complex relationships between input and output variables and also its capacity to handle high-dimensional data. However, current random forests approaches are not flexible enough to handle longitudinal data. In this package, we propose a general approach of random forests for high-dimensional longitudinal data. It includes a flexible stochastic model which allows the covariance structure to vary over time. Furthermore, we introduce a new method which takes intra-individual covariance into consideration to build random forests. The method is fully detailled in Capitaine et.al. (2020) <doi:10.1177/0962280220946080> Random forests for high-dimensional longitudinal data.
This package provides visual citations containing the metadata of a scientific paper and a QR code. A visual citation is a banner containing title, authors, journal and year of a publication. This package can create such banners based on BibTeX and BibLaTeX references or call the reference metadata from Crossref'-API. The banners include a QR code pointing to the DOI'. The resulting HTML object or PNG image can be included in a presentation to point the audience to good resources for further reading. Styling is possible via predefined designs or via custom CSS'. This package is not intended as replacement for proper reference manager packages, but a tool to enrich scientific presentation slides and conference posters.
Sankey diagrams are a powerfull and visually attractive way to visualize the flow of conservative substances through a system. They typically consists of a network of nodes, and fluxes between them, where the total balance in each internal node is 0, i.e. input equals output. Sankey diagrams are typically used to display energy systems, material flow accounts etc. Unlike so-called alluvial plots, Sankey diagrams also allow for cyclic flows: flows originating from a single node can, either direct or indirect, contribute to the input of that same node. This package, named after the Greek aphorism Panta Rhei (everything flows), provides functions to create publication-quality diagrams, using data in tables (or spread sheets) and a simple syntax.
Extraction, preparation, visualisation and analysis of TERN AusPlots ecosystem monitoring data. Direct access to plot-based data on vegetation and soils across Australia, including physical sample barcode numbers. Simple function calls extract the data and merge them into species occurrence matrices for downstream analysis, or calculate things like basal area and fractional cover. TERN AusPlots is a national field plot-based ecosystem surveillance monitoring method and dataset for Australia. The data have been collected across a national network of plots and transects by the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN - <https://www.tern.org.au>), an Australian Government NCRIS-enabled project, and its Ecosystem Surveillance platform (<https://www.tern.org.au/tern-land-observatory/ecosystem-surveillance-and-environmental-monitoring/>).
This package provides a collection of functions for top-down exploratory data analysis of spectral data including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), Raman, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and other similar types of spectroscopy. Includes functions for plotting and inspecting spectra, peak alignment, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal components analysis (PCA) and model-based clustering. Robust methods appropriate for this type of high-dimensional data are available. ChemoSpec is designed for structured experiments, such as metabolomics investigations, where the samples fall into treatment and control groups. Graphical output is formatted consistently for publication quality plots. ChemoSpec is intended to be very user friendly and to help you get usable results quickly. A vignette covering typical operations is available.
Latent Class Analysis of phenotypic measurements in pedigrees and model selection based on one of two methods: likelihood-based cross-validation and Bayesian Information Criterion. Computation of individual and triplet child-parents weights in a pedigree is performed using an upward-downward algorithm. The model takes into account the familial dependence defined by the pedigree structure by considering that a class of a child depends on his parents classes via triplet-transition probabilities of the classes. The package handles the case where measurements are available on all subjects and the case where measurements are available only on symptomatic (i.e. affected) subjects. Distributions for discrete (or ordinal) and continuous data are currently implemented. The package can deal with missing data.
This package provides efficient methods to compute co-occurrence matrices, pointwise mutual information (PMI) and singular value decomposition (SVD). In the biomedical and clinical settings, one challenge is the huge size of databases, e.g. when analyzing data of millions of patients over tens of years. To address this, this package provides functions to efficiently compute monthly co-occurrence matrices, which is the computational bottleneck of the analysis, by using the RcppAlgos package and sparse matrices. Furthermore, the functions can be called on SQL databases, enabling the computation of co-occurrence matrices of tens of gigabytes of data, representing millions of patients over tens of years. Partly based on Hong C. (2021) <doi:10.1038/s41746-021-00519-z>.
This package provides a framework that joins topic modeling and sentiment analysis of textual data. The package implements a fast Gibbs sampling estimation of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (Griffiths and Steyvers (2004) <doi:10.1073/pnas.0307752101>) and Joint Sentiment/Topic Model (Lin, He, Everson and Ruger (2012) <doi:10.1109/TKDE.2011.48>). It offers a variety of helpers and visualizations to analyze the result of topic modeling. The framework also allows enriching topic models with dates and externally computed sentiment measures. A flexible aggregation scheme enables the creation of time series of sentiment or topical proportions from the enriched topic models. Moreover, a novel method jointly aggregates topic proportions and sentiment measures to derive time series of topical sentiment.