Fits balanced-panel autoregressive models with conditional heteroscedasticity for temporal risk detection. The main estimator combines autoregressive exogenous mean modeling with GARCH-X variance modeling, subject-specific baseline terms, shared population coefficients, and L1 penalization for high-dimensional covariates. The package returns conditional mean and variance estimates, coefficient summaries, simulations, and exceedance-based risk scores defined as estimated conditional threshold-exceedance probabilities. The implementation builds on the lasso of Tibshirani (1996) <doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x>, generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity of Bollerslev (1986) <doi:10.1016/0304-4076(86)90063-1>, and L1-regularized high-dimensional time-series modeling of Medeiros and Mendes (2016) <doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.10.011>.

This package provides a comprehensive toolkit for astronomical and cosmological computations. Provides functions for angular coordinate conversions (degrees, hours-minutes-seconds, degrees-minutes-seconds, and radians), access to fundamental physical constants, queries to the Gaia Archive TAP (Table Access Protocol) service, cosmological distance calculations, early-universe thermal physics including photon density, Saha equation solutions, and a full thermal-cosmology module covering the Hubble rate in the radiation-dominated era, effective relativistic degrees of freedom, entropy density, equilibrium yields, the Boltzmann relic-abundance ('pebble') equation for WIMP freeze-out, the freeze-out temperature solver, and the Peebles equation for hydrogen recombination. Also includes the Drake equation for estimating the number of communicating extraterrestrial civilisations in the Milky Way.

Calculation of sex- and age-standardized growth metrics using the LMS method (lambda-mu-sigma). The package includes functions for the CDC Growth Charts (cdc_z) and the WHO Charts (who_z). Because CDC recommends using the WHO Charts for children under 24 months and the CDC Charts among older children, there can be large differences at age 2.0 years. For example, a girl weighing 9.9 kg would be at the WHO 10th percentile on the day before her second birthday, but at the CDC 2nd percentile the following day. The gradual_z function reduces the differences among 2- to 5-year-olds by taking a weighted average of the CDC and WHO z-scores.

Generic Machine Learning Inference on heterogeneous treatment effects in randomized experiments as proposed in Chernozhukov, Demirer, Duflo and Fernández-Val (2020) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.1712.04802>. This package's workhorse is the mlr3 framework of Lang et al. (2019) <doi:10.21105/joss.01903>, which enables the specification of a wide variety of machine learners. The main functionality, GenericML(), runs Algorithm 1 in Chernozhukov, Demirer, Duflo and Fernández-Val (2020) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.1712.04802> for a suite of user-specified machine learners. All steps in the algorithm are customizable via setup functions. Methods for printing and plotting are available for objects returned by GenericML(). Parallel computing is supported.

This package provides a unified analytical workflow that bridges conventional binary and multinomial logistic regression with singly-ordered (SONSCA) and doubly-ordered (DONSCA) nonsymmetric correspondence analysis. Log-odds ratios (LORs) from logistic regression are re-expressed as cosine theta estimates and closeness-of-concordance measures (CCMs) -- including Yule's Q, Yule's Y, and r_meta -- on the familiar [-1, +1] scale introduced by Kim and Grochowalski (2019) <doi:10.1007/s00357-018-9277-7>. Bootstrap confidence intervals for cosine theta are provided throughout. The package is intended to help clinical and medical researchers interpret association strength from logistic regression in an intuitive, correlation-like metric, and to connect conventional regression results with geometric correspondence analysis visualisations.

This package provides a suite of functions for performing analyses, based on a multiverse approach, for conditioning data. Specifically, given the appropriate data, the functions are able to perform t-tests, analyses of variance, and mixed models for the provided data and return summary statistics and plots. The function is also able to return for all those tests p-values, confidence intervals, and Bayes factors. The methods are described in Lonsdorf, Gerlicher, Klingelhofer-Jens, & Krypotos (2022) <doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104072>. Since November 2025, this package contains code from the ez R package (Copyright (c) 2016-11-01, Michael A. Lawrence <mike.lwrnc@gmail.com>), originally distributed under the GPL (equal and above 2) license.

High-performance Unicode and Punycode processing for internationalized domain names. The puny_encode() / puny_decode() helpers are a low-level, RFC 3492 compliant Punycode codec for domain labels (the xn-- ASCII-Compatible Encoding of RFC 5890/5891); they perform the raw transform plus letter-digit-hyphen checks and do not apply Unicode IDNA normalization. host_normalize() is the Unicode Technical Standard #46 host-normalization entry point, mapping a host name to a canonical lowercase ASCII comparison form (non-transitional profile, pinned default Unicode version, selectable per call from the set the build ships). Aimed at host normalization and data analysis workflows. Used as the Punycode and IDNA engine by the pslr and rurl packages.

This package provides a toolbox to facilitate the calculation of political system indicators for researchers. This package offers a variety of basic indicators related to electoral systems, party systems, elections, and parliamentary studies, as well as others. Main references are: Loosemore and Hanby (1971) <doi:10.1017/S000712340000925X>; Gallagher (1991) <doi:10.1016/0261-3794(91)90004-C>; Laakso and Taagepera (1979) <doi:10.1177/001041407901200101>; Rae (1968) <doi:10.1177/001041406800100305>; HirschmaÅ (1945) <ISBN:0-520-04082-1>; Kesselman (1966) <doi:10.2307/1953769>; Jones and Mainwaring (2003) <doi:10.1177/13540688030092002>; Rice (1925) <doi:10.2307/2142407>; Pedersen (1979) <doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1979.tb01267.x>; SANTOS (2002) <ISBN:85-225-0395-8>.

Flexible stochastic tree ensemble software. Robust implementations of Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) (Chipman, George, McCulloch (2010) <doi:10.1214/09-AOAS285>) for supervised learning and Bayesian Causal Forests (BCF) (Hahn, Murray, Carvalho (2020) <doi:10.1214/19-BA1195>) for causal inference. Enables model serialization and parallel sampling and provides a low-level interface for custom stochastic forest samplers. Includes the grow-from-root algorithm for accelerated forest sampling (He and Hahn (2021) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2021.1942012>), a log-linear leaf model for forest-based heteroskedasticity (Murray (2020) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2020.1813587>), and the cloglog BART model of Alam and Linero (2025) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2502.00606> for ordinal outcomes.

The NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) represents the largest public repository of microarray data. However, finding data of interest can be challenging using current tools. GEOmetadb is an attempt to make access to the metadata associated with samples, platforms, and datasets much more feasible. This is accomplished by parsing all the NCBI GEO metadata into a SQLite database that can be stored and queried locally. GEOmetadb is simply a thin wrapper around the SQLite database along with associated documentation. Finally, the SQLite database is updated regularly as new data is added to GEO and can be downloaded at will for the most up-to-date metadata. GEOmetadb paper: http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/24/23/2798 .

This R package supports the handling and analysis of imaging mass cytometry and other highly multiplexed imaging data. The main functionality includes reading in single-cell data after image segmentation and measurement, data formatting to perform channel spillover correction and a number of spatial analysis approaches. First, cell-cell interactions are detected via spatial graph construction; these graphs can be visualized with cells representing nodes and interactions representing edges. Furthermore, per cell, its direct neighbours are summarized to allow spatial clustering. Per image/grouping level, interactions between types of cells are counted, averaged and compared against random permutations. In that way, types of cells that interact more (attraction) or less (avoidance) frequently than expected by chance are detected.

Survival analysis is employed to model the time it takes for events to occur. Survival model examines the relationship between survival and one or more predictors, usually termed covariates in the survival-analysis literature. To this end, Cox-proportional (Cox-PH) hazard rate model introduced in a seminal paper by Cox (1972) <doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x>, is a broadly applicable and the most widely used method of survival analysis. This package can be used to estimate the effect of fixed and time-dependent covariates and also to compute the survival probabilities of the lactation of dairy animal. This package has been developed using algorithm of Klein and Moeschberger (2003) <doi:10.1007/b97377>.

Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBV) are state variables with dimensions on time, space, and biological organization that document biodiversity change. Freely available ecosystem remote sensing products (ERSP) are downloaded and integrated with data for national or regional domains to derive indicators for EBV in the class ecosystem structure (Pereira et al., 2013) <doi:10.1126/science.1229931>, including horizontal ecosystem extents, fragmentation, and information-theory indices. To process ERSP, users must provide a polygon or geographic administrative data map. Downloadable ERSP include Global Surface Water (Peckel et al., 2016) <doi:10.1038/nature20584>, Forest Change (Hansen et al., 2013) <doi:10.1126/science.1244693>, and Continuous Tree Cover data (Sexton et al., 2013) <doi:10.1080/17538947.2013.786146>.

This package provides various functions for parameter estimation of one-dimensional stable distributions and their mixtures. It implements a diverse set of estimation methods, including quantile-based approaches, regression methods based on the empirical characteristic function (empirical, kernel, and recursive), and maximum likelihood estimation. For mixture models, it provides stochastic expectationâ maximization (SEM) algorithms and Bayesian estimation methods using sampling and importance sampling to overcome the long burn-in period of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) strategies. The package also includes tools and statistical tests for analyzing whether a dataset follows a stable distribution. Some of the implemented methods are described in Hajjaji, O., Manou-Abi, S. M., and Slaoui, Y. (2024) <doi:10.1080/02664763.2024.2434627>.

Process GPS and accelerometry data to generate walk bouts. A walk bout is a period of activity with accelerometer movement matching the patterns of walking with corresponding GPS measurements that confirm travel. The inputs of the walkboutr package are individual-level accelerometry and GPS data. The outputs of the model are walk bouts with corresponding times, duration, and summary statistics on the sample population, which collapse all personally identifying information. These bouts can be used to measure walking both as an outcome of a change to the built environment or as a predictor of health outcomes such as a cardioprotective behavior. Kang B, Moudon AV, Hurvitz PM, Saelens BE (2017) <doi:10.1016/j.trd.2017.09.026>.

Computes and integrates daily potential evapotranspiration (PET) and a soil water balance model. It allows users to estimate and predict the wet season calendar, including onset, cessation, and duration, based on an agroclimatic approach for a specified period. This functionality helps in managing agricultural water resources more effectively. For detailed methodologies, users can refer to Allen et al. (1998, ISBN:92-5-104219-5); Allen (2005, ISBN:9780784408056); Doorenbos and Pruitt (1975, ISBN:9251002797); Guo et al. (2016) <doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.12.019>; Hargreaves and Samani (1985) <doi:10.13031/2013.26773>; Priestley and Taylor (1972) <https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/apme/18/7/1520-0450_1979_018_0898_tptema_2_0_co_2.xml>.

Fit (generalized) linear regression models in each leaf node of a tree. The tree is constructed using clinical variables only. The linear regression models are constructed using (high-dimensional) omics variables only. The leaf-node-specific regression models are estimated using the penalized likelihood including a standard ridge (L2) penalty and a fusion penalty that links the leaf-node-specific regression models to one another. The intercepts of the leaf nodes reflect the effects of the clinical variables and are left unpenalized. The tree, fitted with the clinical variables only, should be constructed outside of the package with the rpart R package. See Goedhart and others (2024) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2411.02396> for details on the method.

Sankey diagrams are a powerfull and visually attractive way to visualize the flow of conservative substances through a system. They typically consists of a network of nodes, and fluxes between them, where the total balance in each internal node is 0, i.e. input equals output. Sankey diagrams are typically used to display energy systems, material flow accounts etc. Unlike so-called alluvial plots, Sankey diagrams also allow for cyclic flows: flows originating from a single node can, either direct or indirect, contribute to the input of that same node. This package, named after the Greek aphorism Panta Rhei (everything flows), provides functions to create publication-quality diagrams, using data in tables (or spread sheets) and a simple syntax.

OSTA.data is a companion package for the "Orchestrating Spatial Transcriptomics Analysis" (OSTA) with Bioconductor online book. Throughout OSTA, we rely on a set of publicly available datasets that cover different sequencing- and imaging-based platforms, such as Visium, Visium HD, Xenium (10x Genomics) and CosMx (NanoString). In addition, we rely on scRNA-seq (Chromium) data for tasks, e.g., spot deconvolution and label transfer (i.e., supervised clustering). These data been deposited in an Open Storage Framework (OSF) repository, and can be queried and downloaded using functions from the osfr package. For convenience, we have implemented OSTA.data to query and retrieve data from our OSF node, and cache retrieved Zip archives using BiocFileCache'.

Extraction, preparation, visualisation and analysis of TERN AusPlots ecosystem monitoring data. Direct access to plot-based data on vegetation and soils across Australia, including physical sample barcode numbers. Simple function calls extract the data and merge them into species occurrence matrices for downstream analysis, or calculate things like basal area and fractional cover. TERN AusPlots is a national field plot-based ecosystem surveillance monitoring method and dataset for Australia. The data have been collected across a national network of plots and transects by the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN - <https://www.tern.org.au>), an Australian Government NCRIS-enabled project, and its Ecosystem Surveillance platform (<https://www.tern.org.au/tern-land-observatory/ecosystem-surveillance-and-environmental-monitoring/>).

This package provides a collection of functions for top-down exploratory data analysis of spectral data including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), Raman, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and other similar types of spectroscopy. Includes functions for plotting and inspecting spectra, peak alignment, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal components analysis (PCA) and model-based clustering. Robust methods appropriate for this type of high-dimensional data are available. ChemoSpec is designed for structured experiments, such as metabolomics investigations, where the samples fall into treatment and control groups. Graphical output is formatted consistently for publication quality plots. ChemoSpec is intended to be very user friendly and to help you get usable results quickly. A vignette covering typical operations is available.

Latent Class Analysis of phenotypic measurements in pedigrees and model selection based on one of two methods: likelihood-based cross-validation and Bayesian Information Criterion. Computation of individual and triplet child-parents weights in a pedigree is performed using an upward-downward algorithm. The model takes into account the familial dependence defined by the pedigree structure by considering that a class of a child depends on his parents classes via triplet-transition probabilities of the classes. The package handles the case where measurements are available on all subjects and the case where measurements are available only on symptomatic (i.e. affected) subjects. Distributions for discrete (or ordinal) and continuous data are currently implemented. The package can deal with missing data.

This package provides efficient methods to compute co-occurrence matrices, pointwise mutual information (PMI) and singular value decomposition (SVD). In the biomedical and clinical settings, one challenge is the huge size of databases, e.g. when analyzing data of millions of patients over tens of years. To address this, this package provides functions to efficiently compute monthly co-occurrence matrices, which is the computational bottleneck of the analysis, by using the RcppAlgos package and sparse matrices. Furthermore, the functions can be called on SQL databases, enabling the computation of co-occurrence matrices of tens of gigabytes of data, representing millions of patients over tens of years. Partly based on Hong C. (2021) <doi:10.1038/s41746-021-00519-z>.

This package provides a turn-key workflow for LLM-assisted systematic-review screening. The package ranks a corpus of titles and abstracts with an ensemble of open-source large language models served locally by Ollama', then applies the SAFE stopping rule to identify the records a human should screen. Defaults match the four-LLM mean ensemble and the SAFE configuration recommended by Spillias et al. (2026). A companion Shiny app walks the human reviewer through the records above the stopping point. Complementary to the AIscreenR package of Vembye et al. (2025) <doi:10.1037/met0000769>, which targets cloud-hosted GPT models via the OpenAI API; screenllm targets locally-served open-weights ensembles with an integrated stopping rule.