This package provides a weighting approach that employs kernels to make one group have a similar distribution to another group on covariates. This method matches not only means or marginal distributions but also higher-order transformations implied by the choice of kernel. kbal is applicable to both treatment effect estimation and survey reweighting problems. Based on Hazlett, C. (2020) "Kernel Balancing: A flexible non-parametric weighting procedure for estimating causal effects." Statistica Sinica. <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299013953_Kernel_Balancing_A_flexible_non-parametric_weighting_procedure_for_estimating_causal_effects>.

This package provides a spatial smoothing algorithm based on convolutions of finite rectangular kernels that provides sharp resolution in the presence of high levels of noise.

Estimate agreement of a group of raters with a gold standard rating on a nominal scale. For a single gold standard rater the average pairwise agreement of raters with this gold standard is provided. For a group of (gold standard) raters the approach of S. Vanbelle, A. Albert (2009) <doi:10.1007/s11336-009-9116-1> is implemented. Bias and standard error are estimated via delete-1 jackknife.

Make computer vision tasks approachable in R by leveraging Large Language Models. Providing fine-tuned prompts, boilerplate functions, and input/output helpers for common computer vision workflows, such as classifying and describing images. Functions are designed to take images as input and return structured data, helping users build practical applications with minimal code.

This package provides an implementation of a kernel-embedding of probability test for elliptical distribution. This is an asymptotic test for elliptical distribution under general alternatives, and the location and shape parameters are assumed to be unknown. Some side-products are posted, including the transformation between rectangular and polar coordinates and two product-type kernel functions. See Tang and Li (2024) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2306.10594> for details.

This package contains kernel smoothing tools designed for use by historical dialectologists and philologists for exploring spatial and temporal patterns in noisy historical language data, such as that obtained from historical texts. The main way in which these might differ from other implementations of kernel smoothing is that they assume that the function (linguistic variable) being explored has the form of the relative frequency of a series of discrete possibilities (linguistic variants). This package also offers a way of exploring distributions in 2-dimensional space and in time with separate kernels, and tools for identifying appropriate bandwidths for these.

Statistical methods that quantify the conditions necessary to alter inferences, also known as sensitivity analysis, are becoming increasingly important to a variety of quantitative sciences. A series of recent works, including Frank (2000) <doi:10.1177/0049124100029002001> and Frank et al. (2013) <doi:10.3102/0162373713493129> extend previous sensitivity analyses by considering the characteristics of omitted variables or unobserved cases that would change an inference if such variables or cases were observed. These analyses generate statements such as "an omitted variable would have to be correlated at xx with the predictor of interest (e.g., the treatment) and outcome to invalidate an inference of a treatment effect". Or "one would have to replace pp percent of the observed data with nor which the treatment had no effect to invalidate the inference". We implement these recent developments of sensitivity analysis and provide modules to calculate these two robustness indices and generate such statements in R. In particular, the functions konfound(), pkonfound() and mkonfound() allow users to calculate the robustness of inferences for a user's own model, a single published study and multiple studies respectively.

Uses Bessel functions to calculate the fundamental and complementary analytic solutions to the Kelvin differential equation.

This package implements the Lilliefors-corrected Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for use in goodness-of-fit tests, suitable when population parameters are unknown and must be estimated by sample statistics. P-values are estimated by simulation. Can be used with a variety of continuous distributions, including normal, lognormal, univariate mixtures of normals, uniform, loguniform, exponential, gamma, and Weibull distributions. Functions to generate random numbers and calculate density, distribution, and quantile functions are provided for use with the log uniform and mixture distributions.

Kernel functions for diverse types of data (including, but not restricted to: nonnegative and real vectors, real matrices, categorical and ordinal variables, sets, strings), plus other utilities like kernel similarity, kernel Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and features importance for Support Vector Machines (SVMs), which expand other R packages like kernlab'.

This package provides the function to calculate the kernel-lasso expansion, Z-score, and max-min-scale standardization.It can increase the dimension of existed dataset and remove abundant features by lasso. Z Dai, L Jiayi, T Gong, C Wang (2021) <doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1955/1/012047>.

Software for k-means clustering of partially observed data from Chi, Chi, and Baraniuk (2016) <doi:10.1080/00031305.2015.1086685>.

The computational complexity of the implemented algorithm for Kendall's correlation is O(n log(n)), which is faster than the base R implementation with a computational complexity of O(n^2). For small vectors (i.e., less than 100 observations), the time difference is negligible. However, for larger vectors, the speed difference can be substantial and the numerical difference is minimal. The references are Knight (1966) <doi:10.2307/2282833>, Abrevaya (1999) <doi:10.1016/S0165-1765(98)00255-9>, Christensen (2005) <doi:10.1007/BF02736122> and Emara (2024) <https://learningcpp.org/>. This implementation is described in Vargas Sepulveda (2025) <doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0326090>.

It uses species accumulation curves and diverse estimators to assess, at the same time, the levels of survey coverage in multiple geographic cells of a size defined by the user or polygons. It also enables the geographical depiction of observed species richness, survey effort and completeness values including a background with administrative areas.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging ('fMRI') data from the Kirby21 reproducibility study <doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.047>.

Access business registration data from the Dutch Chamber of Commerce (Kamer van Koophandel, KvK) through their official API <https://developers.kvk.nl/>. Search for companies by name, location, or registration number. Retrieve detailed business profiles, establishment information, and company name histories. Built on httr2 for robust API interaction with automatic pagination, error handling, and usage tracking.

This package provides arrays with flexible control over dimension dropping when subscripting.

Fast implementation of Nadaraya-Watson kernel regression for either univariate or multivariate responses, with one or more bandwidths. K-fold cross-validation is also performed.

K Quantiles Medoids (KQM) clustering applies quantiles to divide data of each dimension into K mean intervals. Combining quantiles of all the dimensions of the data and fully permuting quantiles on each dimension is the strategy to determine a pool of candidate initial cluster centers. To find the best initial cluster centers from the pool of candidate initial cluster centers, two methods based on quantile strategy and PAM strategy respectively are proposed. During a clustering process, medoids of clusters are used to update cluster centers in each iteration. Comparison between KQM and the method of randomly selecting initial cluster centers shows that KQM is almost always getting clustering results with smaller total sum squares of distances.

Given constraints for right censored data, we use a recursive computational algorithm to calculate the the "constrained" Kaplan-Meier estimator. The constraint is assumed given in linear estimating equations or mean functions. We also illustrate how this leads to the empirical likelihood ratio test with right censored data and accelerated failure time model with given coefficients. EM algorithm from emplik package is used to get the initial value. The properties and performance of the EM algorithm is discussed in Mai Zhou and Yifan Yang (2015)<doi: 10.1007/s00180-015-0567-9> and Mai Zhou and Yifan Yang (2017) <doi: 10.1002/wics.1400>. More applications could be found in Mai Zhou (2015) <doi: 10.1201/b18598>.

Most importantly, calculates Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD), Turing's perspective estimator and their confidence intervals.

Data on houses in and around Seattle WA are included. Basic characteristics are given along with sale prices.

Decrypts passwords stored in the Gnome Keyring, macOS Keychain and strings encrypted with the Windows Data Protection API.

This package provides methods for inference about/under complex relationships using peak height data from DNA mixtures: the most basic example would be testing whether a contributor to a mixture is the father of a child of known genotype. This provides most of the functionality of the KinMix package, but with some loss of efficiency and restriction on problem size, as the latter uses RHugin as the Bayes net engine, while this package uses gRain'. The package implements the methods introduced in Green, P. J. and Mortera, J. (2017) <doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.02.001> and Green, P. J. and Mortera, J. (2021) <doi:10.1111/rssc.12498>.