This package provides a collection of measures for measuring ecological diversity. Ecological diversity comes in two flavors: alpha diversity measures the diversity within a single site or sample, and beta diversity measures the diversity across two sites or samples. This package overlaps considerably with other R packages such as vegan', gUniFrac', betapart', and fossil'. We also include a wide range of functions that are implemented in software outside the R ecosystem, such as scipy', Mothur', and scikit-bio'. The implementations here are designed to be basic and clear to the reader.