This package provides spatial datasets ready to use for ecological modelling and raster companion data for prediction: Neanderthal presence during the Last Interglacial (Benito et al. 2017 <doi:10.1111/jbi.12845>); Plant diversity metrics for the World's Ecoregions (Maestre et al. 2021 <doi:10.1111/nph.17398>); tree richness across the Americas (Benito et al. 2013 <doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12022>); plant communities from the Sierra Nevada (Spain) with future climate scenarios (Benito et al. 2013 <doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12022>); butterfly-plant interaction data from Sierra Nevada (Spain) (Benito et al. 2011 <doi:10.1007/s10584-010-0015-3>); plant species occurrences in Andalusia (Spain) (Benito et al. 2014 <doi:10.1111/ddi.12148>); presence of the plant Linaria nigricans and greenhouses (Benito et al. 2009 <doi:10.1007/s10531-009-9604-8>); global NDVI and environmental predictors, and European oak species occurrences. All datasets include pre-processed environmental predictors ready for statistical modelling.