Visualizes two-dimensional geoelectric resistivity measurement profiles in three dimensions.

Projections are common dimensionality reduction methods, which represent high-dimensional data in a two-dimensional space. However, when restricting the output space to two dimensions, which results in a two dimensional scatter plot (projection) of the data, low dimensional similarities do not represent high dimensional distances coercively [Thrun, 2018] <DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-20540-9>. This could lead to a misleading interpretation of the underlying structures [Thrun, 2018]. By means of the 3D topographic map the generalized Umatrix is able to depict errors of these two-dimensional scatter plots. The package is derived from the book of Thrun, M.C.: "Projection Based Clustering through Self-Organization and Swarm Intelligence" (2018) <DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-20540-9> and the main algorithm called simplified self-organizing map for dimensionality reduction methods is published in <DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101093>.

This code provides a method to fit the hidden compact representation model as well as to identify the causal direction on discrete data. We implement an effective solution to recover the above hidden compact representation under the likelihood framework. Please see the Causal Discovery from Discrete Data using Hidden Compact Representation from NIPS 2018 by Ruichu Cai, Jie Qiao, Kun Zhang, Zhenjie Zhang and Zhifeng Hao (2018) <https://nips.cc/Conferences/2018/Schedule?showEvent=11274> for a description of some of our methods.

Higher order likelihood inference is a promising approach for analyzing small sample size data. The holi package provides web applications for higher order likelihood inference. It currently supports linear, logistic, and Poisson generalized linear models through the rstar_glm() function, based on Pierce and Bellio (2017) <doi:10.1111/insr.12232> and likelihoodAsy'. The package offers two main features: LA_rstar(), which launches an interactive shiny application allowing users to fit models with rstar_glm() through their web browser, and sim_rstar_glm_pgsql(), which streamlines the process of launching a web-based shiny simulation application that saves results to a user-created PostgreSQL database.

This package provides a novel decision tree algorithm in the hypothesis testing framework. The algorithm examines the distribution difference between two child nodes over all possible binary partitions. The test statistic of the hypothesis testing is equivalent to the generalized energy distance, which enables the algorithm to be more powerful in detecting the complex structure, not only the mean difference. It is applicable for numeric, nominal, ordinal explanatory variables and the response in general metric space of strong negative type. The algorithm has superior performance compared to other tree models in type I error, power, prediction accuracy, and complexity.

Estimates the parameters of infiltration and water retention models using the curve-fitting methods as shown in Omuto and Gumbe (2009) <doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2008.08.011>. The models considered are those that are commonly used in soil science. Version 2 of the package has new models for water retention characteristic curves.

Perform forensic handwriting analysis of two scanned handwritten documents. This package implements the statistical method described by Madeline Johnson and Danica Ommen (2021) <doi:10.1002/sam.11566>. Similarity measures and a random forest produce a score-based likelihood ratio that quantifies the strength of the evidence in favor of the documents being written by the same writer or different writers.

Most common exact, asymptotic and resample based tests are provided for testing the homogeneity of variances of k normal distributions under normality. These tests are Barlett, Bhandary & Dai, Brown & Forsythe, Chang et al., Gokpinar & Gokpinar, Levene, Liu and Xu, Gokpinar. Also, a data generation function from multiple normal distribution is provided using any multiple normal parameters. Bartlett, M. S. (1937) <doi:10.1098/rspa.1937.0109> Bhandary, M., & Dai, H. (2008) <doi:10.1080/03610910802431011> Brown, M. B., & Forsythe, A. B. (1974).<doi:10.1080/01621459.1974.10482955> Chang, C. H., Pal, N., & Lin, J. J. (2017) <doi:10.1080/03610918.2016.1202277> Gokpinar E. & Gokpinar F. (2017) <doi:10.1080/03610918.2014.955110> Liu, X., & Xu, X. (2010) <doi:10.1016/j.spl.2010.05.017> Levene, H. (1960) <https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1573950400526848896> Gökpınar, E. (2020) <doi:10.1080/03610918.2020.1800037>.

The Hybrid design is a combination of model-assisted design (e.g., the modified Toxicity Probability Interval design) with dose-toxicity model-based design for phase I dose-finding studies. The hybrid design controls the overdosing toxicity well and leads to a recommended dose closer to the true maximum tolerated dose (MTD) due to its ability to calibrate for an intermediate dose. More details can be found in Liao et al. 2022 <doi:10.1002/ijc.34203>.

This package provides easy access to Brazilian public health data from multiple sources including VIGITEL (Surveillance of Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey), PNS (National Health Survey), PNAD Continua (Continuous National Household Sample Survey), POF (Household Budget Survey with food security and consumption data), Censo Demografico (population denominators via SIDRA API), SIM (Mortality Information System), SINASC (Live Birth Information System), SIH (Hospital Information System), SIA (Outpatient Information System), SINAN (Notifiable Diseases Surveillance), CNES (National Health Facility Registry), SI-PNI (National Immunization Program - aggregated 1994-2019 via FTP, individual-level microdata 2020+ via OpenDataSUS API), SISAB (Primary Care Health Information System - coverage indicators via REST API), ANS ('Agencia Nacional de Saude Suplementar - supplementary health beneficiaries, consumer complaints, and financial statements), ANVISA ('Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria - product registrations, pharmacovigilance', hemovigilance', technovigilance', and controlled substance sales via SNGPC'), and other health information systems. Data is downloaded from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and IBGE repositories. Data is returned in tidy format following tidyverse conventions.

Tests for a treatment effect using surrogate marker information accounting for heterogeneity in the utility of the surrogate. Details are described in Parast et al (2022) <arXiv:2209.08315>.

The presence of outliers in a dataset can substantially bias the results of statistical analyses. To correct for outliers, micro edits are manually performed on all records. A set of constraints and decision rules is typically used to aid the editing process. However, straightforward decision rules might overlook anomalies arising from disruption of linear relationships. Computationally efficient methods are provided to identify historical, tail, and relational anomalies at the data-entry level (Sartore et al., 2024; <doi:10.6339/24-JDS1136>). A score statistic is developed for each anomaly type, using a distribution-free approach motivated by the Bienaymé-Chebyshev's inequality, and fuzzy logic is used to detect cellwise outliers resulting from different types of anomalies. Each data entry is individually scored and individual scores are combined into a final score to determine anomalous entries. In contrast to fuzzy logic, Bayesian bootstrap and a Bayesian test based on empirical likelihoods are also provided as studied by Sartore et al. (2024; <doi:10.3390/stats7040073>). These algorithms allow for a more nuanced approach to outlier detection, as it can identify outliers at data-entry level which are not obviously distinct from the rest of the data. --- This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service. The findings and conclusions in this publication are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent any official USDA, or US Government determination or policy.

Calculate expected relative risk and proportion protected assuming normally distributed log10 transformed antibody dose for a several component vaccine. Uses Hill models for each component which are combined under Bliss independence. See Saul and Fay, 2007 <DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0000850>.

HTTP Request protocols. Implements the GET, POST and multipart POST request.

Offers a convenient way to compute parameters in the framework of the theory of vocational choice introduced by J.L. Holland, (1997). A comprehensive summary to this theory of vocational choice is given in Holland, J.L. (1997). Making vocational choices. A theory of vocational personalities and work environments. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment.

Nonparametric cumulative-incidence based estimation of the ratios of sub-hazard ratios to cause-specific hazard ratios using the approach from Ng et al. (2020).

Hadamard matrix based statistical designs are of immense importance as the resultant designs carry various desirable characterizing properties. Constructing Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs (PBIBds) using Kronecker product of incidence matrices of Balanced Incomplete Block (BIB) and Partially Balanced Incomplete Block (PBIB) designs is much evident from literature. Here, we have constructed Incomplete Block Designs (IBDs) based on Hadamard matrices and Kronecker product of Hadamard matrices.

Pfafstetter Hydrological Codes as cited in Verdin and Verdin (1999) <doi: 10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00011-6> are decoded for upstream or downstream queries.

This package provides tools to calculate Mean Corpuscular Volume, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin, and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration, which are essential for assessing red blood cell health and diagnosing blood disorders.

Fitting hidden Markov models using automatic differentiation and Laplace approximation, allowing for fast inference and flexible covariate effects (including random effects and smoothing splines) on model parameters. The package is described by Michelot (2025) <doi:10.18637/jss.v114.i05>.

Implemented here are procedures for fitting hierarchical generalized linear models (HGLM). It can be used for linear mixed models and generalized linear mixed models with random effects for a variety of links and a variety of distributions for both the outcomes and the random effects. Fixed effects can also be fitted in the dispersion part of the mean model. As statistical models, HGLMs were initially developed by Lee and Nelder (1996) <https://www.jstor.org/stable/2346105?seq=1>. We provide an implementation (Ronnegard, Alam and Shen 2010) <https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2010-2/RJournal_2010-2_Roennegaard~et~al.pdf> following Lee, Nelder and Pawitan (2006) <ISBN: 9781420011340> with algorithms extended for spatial modeling (Alam, Ronnegard and Shen 2015) <https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2015/RJ-2015-017/RJ-2015-017.pdf>.

The HURRECON model estimates wind speed, wind direction, enhanced Fujita scale wind damage, and duration of EF0 to EF5 winds as a function of hurricane location and maximum sustained wind speed. Results may be generated for a single site or an entire region. Hurricane track and intensity data may be imported directly from the US National Hurricane Center's HURDAT2 database. For details on the original version of the model written in Borland Pascal, see: Boose, Chamberlin, and Foster (2001) <doi:10.1890/0012-9615(2001)071[0027:LARIOH]2.0.CO;2> and Boose, Serrano, and Foster (2004) <doi:10.1890/02-4057>.

Self-reported health, happiness, attitudes, and other statuses or perceptions are often the subject of biases that may come from different sources. For example, the evaluation of an individualâ s own health may depend on previous medical diagnoses, functional status, and symptoms and signs of illness; as on well as life-style behaviors, including contextual social, gender, age-specific, linguistic and other cultural factors (Jylha 2009 <doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.013>; Oksuzyan et al. 2019 <doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.03.002>). The hopit package offers versatile functions for analyzing different self-reported ordinal variables, and for helping to estimate their biases. Specifically, the package provides the function to fit a generalized ordered probit model that regresses original self-reported status measures on two sets of independent variables (King et al. 2004 <doi:10.1017/S0003055403000881>; Jurges 2007 <doi:10.1002/hec.1134>; Oksuzyan et al. 2019 <doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.03.002>). The first set of variables (e.g., health variables) included in the regression are individual statuses and characteristics that are directly related to the self-reported variable. In the case of self-reported health, these could be chronic conditions, mobility level, difficulties with daily activities, performance on grip strength tests, anthropometric measures, and lifestyle behaviors. The second set of independent variables (threshold variables) is used to model cut-points between adjacent self-reported response categories as functions of individual characteristics, such as gender, age group, education, and country (Oksuzyan et al. 2019 <doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.03.002>). The model helps to adjust for specific socio-demographic and cultural differences in how the continuous latent health is projected onto the ordinal self-rated measure. The fitted model can be used to calculate an individual predicted latent status variable, a latent index, and standardized latent coefficients; and makes it possible to reclassify a categorical status measure that has been adjusted for inter-individual differences in reporting behavior.

The classical Markowitz's mean-variance portfolio formulation ignores heavy tails and skewness. High-order portfolios use higher order moments to better characterize the return distribution. Different formulations and fast algorithms are proposed for high-order portfolios based on the mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis. The package is based on the papers: R. Zhou and D. P. Palomar (2021). "Solving High-Order Portfolios via Successive Convex Approximation Algorithms." <arXiv:2008.00863>. X. Wang, R. Zhou, J. Ying, and D. P. Palomar (2022). "Efficient and Scalable High-Order Portfolios Design via Parametric Skew-t Distribution." <arXiv:2206.02412>.