The goal of midr is to provide a model-agnostic method for interpreting and explaining black-box predictive models by creating a globally interpretable surrogate model. The package implements Maximum Interpretation Decomposition (MID), a functional decomposition technique that finds an optimal additive approximation of the original model. This approximation is achieved by minimizing the squared error between the predictions of the black-box model and the surrogate model. The theoretical foundations of MID are described in Iwasawa & Matsumori (2025) [Forthcoming], and the package itself is detailed in Asashiba et al. (2025) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.08338>.

Load, validate, and manipulate Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium ('CDISC') Analysis Data Model ('ADaM') dataset metadata stored as YAML files. Metadata files are validated against a JSON schema. Provides functions to inspect and modify columns, parameters, and row-level operations within and across ADaM domains. Designed for use with the mighty framework.

This package implements three bias-correction techniques from Battaglia et al. (2025 <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2402.15585>) to improve inference in regression models with covariates generated by AI or machine learning.

An ensemble classifier for multiclass classification. This is a novel classifier that natively works as an ensemble. It projects data on a large number of matrices, and uses very simple classifiers on each of these projections. The results are then combined, ideally via Dempster-Shafer Calculus.

This package provides passenger demand data for the São Paulo metro system, covering 2012 to 2026. Datasets include monthly passenger entries and transported counts by line, average weekday passengers transported by station, daily station entries, and spatial geometries for metro and commuter train lines and stations. The bundled datasets are a fixed snapshot, so analyses stay reproducible and examples run offline. More recent data is published to GitHub releases as the upstream sources are updated, and read_metro_demand() downloads, caches, and reads it, optionally pinned to a dated monthly batch.

This package provides tools for motif analysis in multi-level networks. Multi-level networks combine multiple networks in one, e.g. social-ecological networks. Motifs are small configurations of nodes and edges (subgraphs) occurring in networks. motifr can visualize multi-level networks, count multi-level network motifs and compare motif occurrences to baseline models. It also identifies contributions of existing or potential edges to motifs to find critical or missing edges. The package is in many parts an R wrapper for the excellent SESMotifAnalyser Python package written by Tim Seppelt.

Implementations of various robust and flexible model-based clustering methods for data sets with missing values at random (Tong and Tortora, 2025, <doi:10.18637/jss.v115.i03>). Two main models are: Multivariate Contaminated Normal Mixture (MCNM, Tong and Tortora, 2022, <doi:10.1007/s11634-021-00476-1>) and Multivariate Generalized Hyperbolic Mixture (MGHM, Wei et al., 2019, <doi:10.1016/j.csda.2018.08.016>). Mixtures via some special or limiting cases of the multivariate generalized hyperbolic distribution are also included: Normal-Inverse Gaussian, Symmetric Normal-Inverse Gaussian, Skew-Cauchy, Cauchy, Skew-t, Student's t, Normal, Symmetric Generalized Hyperbolic, Hyperbolic Univariate Marginals, Hyperbolic, and Symmetric Hyperbolic. Funding: This work was partially supported by the National Science foundation NSF Grant NO. 2209974.

Exports two functions implementing multi-way clustering using the method suggested by Cameron, Gelbach, & Miller (2011) and cluster (or block) bootstrapping for estimating variance-covariance matrices. Normal one and two-way clustering matches the results of other common statistical packages. Missing values are handled transparently and rudimentary parallelization support is provided.

This package contains a suite of functions for health economic evaluations with missing outcome data. The package can fit different types of statistical models under a fully Bayesian approach using the software JAGS (which should be installed locally and which is loaded in missingHE via the R package R2jags'). Three classes of models can be fitted under a variety of missing data assumptions: selection models, pattern mixture models and hurdle models. In addition to model fitting, missingHE provides a set of specialised functions to assess model convergence and fit, and to summarise the statistical and economic results using different types of measures and graphs. The methods implemented are described in Mason (2018) <doi:10.1002/hec.3793>, Molenberghs (2000) <doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0300-6_18> and Gabrio (2019) <doi:10.1002/sim.8045>.

Miscellaneous functions for (1) data handling (e.g., grand-mean and group-mean centering, coding variables and reverse coding items, scale and cluster scores, reading and writing Excel and SPSS files), (2) descriptive statistics (e.g., frequency table, cross tabulation, effect size measures), (3) missing data (e.g., descriptive statistics for missing data, missing data pattern, Little's test of Missing Completely at Random, and auxiliary variable analysis), (4) multilevel data (e.g., multilevel descriptive statistics, within-group and between-group correlation matrix, multilevel confirmatory factor analysis, level-specific fit indices, cross-level measurement equivalence evaluation, multilevel composite reliability, and multilevel R-squared measures), (5) item analysis (e.g., confirmatory factor analysis, coefficient alpha and omega, between-group and longitudinal measurement equivalence evaluation), (6) statistical analysis (e.g., bootstrap confidence intervals, collinearity and residual diagnostics, dominance analysis, between- and within-subject analysis of variance, latent class analysis, t-test, z-test, sample size determination), and (7) functions to interact with Blimp and Mplus'.

We introduce a generalized factor model designed to jointly analyze high-dimensional multi-modality data from multiple studies by extracting study-shared and specified factors. Our factor models account for heterogeneous noises and overdispersion among modality variables with augmented covariates. We propose an efficient and speedy variational estimation procedure for estimating model parameters, along with a novel criterion for selecting the optimal number of factors. More details can be referred to Liu et al. (2025) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2507.09889>.

This package provides a suite of utility functions providing functionality commonly needed for production level projects such as logging, error handling, cache management and date-time parsing. Functions for date-time parsing and formatting require that time zones be specified explicitly, avoiding a common source of error when working with environmental time series.

Density evaluation and random number generation for the Matrix-Normal Inverse-Wishart (MNIW) distribution, as well as the the Matrix-Normal, Matrix-T, Wishart, and Inverse-Wishart distributions. Core calculations are implemented in a portable (header-only) C++ library, with matrix manipulations using the Eigen library for linear algebra. Also provided is a Gibbs sampler for Bayesian inference on a random-effects model with multivariate normal observations.

MHCnuggets (<https://github.com/KarchinLab/mhcnuggets>) is a Python tool to predict MHC class I and MHC class II epitopes. This package allows one to call MHCnuggets from R.

Machine learning algorithms have been used for performing single missing data imputation and most recently, multiple imputations. However, this is the first attempt for using automated machine learning algorithms for performing both single and multiple imputation. Automated machine learning is a procedure for fine-tuning the model automatic, performing a random search for a model that results in less error, without overfitting the data. The main idea is to allow the model to set its own parameters for imputing each variable separately instead of setting fixed predefined parameters to impute all variables of the dataset. Using automated machine learning, the package fine-tunes an Elastic Net (default) or Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, Deep Learning, Extreme Gradient Boosting, or Stacked Ensemble machine learning model (from one or a combination of other supported algorithms) for imputing the missing observations. This procedure has been implemented for the first time by this package and is expected to outperform other packages for imputing missing data that do not fine-tune their models. The multiple imputation is implemented via bootstrapping without letting the duplicated observations to harm the cross-validation procedure, which is the way imputed variables are evaluated. Most notably, the package implements automated procedure for handling imputing imbalanced data (class rarity problem), which happens when a factor variable has a level that is far more prevalent than the other(s). This is known to result in biased predictions, hence, biased imputation of missing data. However, the autobalancing procedure ensures that instead of focusing on maximizing accuracy (classification error) in imputing factor variables, a fairer procedure and imputation method is practiced.

Response Surface Designs (RSDs) involving factors not all at same levels are called Mixed Level RSDs (or Asymmetric RSDs). In many practical situations, RSDs with asymmetric levels will be more suitable as it explores more regions in the design space. (J.S. Mehta and M.N. Das (1968) <doi:10.2307/1267046>. "Asymmetric rotatable designs and orthogonal transformations").This package contains function named ATORDs_I() for generating asymmetric third order rotatable designs (ATORDs) based on third order designs given by Das and Narasimham (1962). Function ATORDs_II() generates asymmetric third order rotatable designs developed using t-design of unequal set sizes, which are smaller in size as compared to design generated by function ATORDs_I(). In general, third order rotatable designs can be classified into two classes viz., designs that are suitable for sequential experimentation and designs for non-sequential experimentation. The sequential experimentation approach involves conducting the trials step by step whereas, in the non-sequential experimentation approach, the entire runs are executed in one go (M. N. Das and V. Narasimham (1962) <doi:10.1214/AOMS/1177704374>. "Construction of Rotatable Designs through Balanced Incomplete Block Designs"). ATORDs_I() and ATORDs_II() functions generate non-sequential asymmetric third order designs. Function named SeqTORD() generates symmetric sequential third order design in blocks and also gives G-efficiency of the given design. Function named Asymseq() generates asymmetric sequential third order designs in blocks (M. Hemavathi, Eldho Varghese, Shashi Shekhar and Seema Jaggi (2020) <doi:10.1080/02664763.2020.1864817>. "Sequential asymmetric third order rotatable designs (SATORDs)"). In response surface design, situations may arise in which some of the factors are qualitative in nature (Jyoti Divecha and Bharat Tarapara (2017) <doi:10.1080/08982112.2016.1217338>. "Small, balanced, efficient, optimal, and near rotatable response surface designs for factorial experiments asymmetrical in some quantitative, qualitative factors"). The Function named QualRSD() generates second order design with qualitative factors along with their D-efficiency and G-efficiency. The function named RotatabilityQ() calculates a measure of rotatability (measure Q, 0 <= Q <= 1) given by Draper and Pukelshiem(1990) for given a design based on a second order model, (Norman R. Draper and Friedrich Pukelsheim(1990) <doi:10.1080/00401706.1990.10484635>. "Another look at rotatability").

Native R implementation of many-facet ordered-response measurement models with arbitrary facet counts, rating-scale and partial-credit parameterizations, a bounded generalized partial-credit extension, and both marginal and joint maximum likelihood estimation. The package provides a fit / diagnose / report pipeline covering anchoring, linking, bias and differential-functioning screening, and publication-oriented reporting summaries, with reproducibility manifests for replay. See Andrich (1978) <doi:10.1007/BF02293814>, Masters (1982) <doi:10.1007/BF02296272>, and Muraki (1992) <doi:10.1177/014662169201600206> for the underlying ordered-response models.

Specification and estimation of multinomial logit models. Large datasets and complex models are supported, with an intuitive syntax. Multinomial Logit Models, Mixed models, random coefficients and Hybrid Choice are all supported. For more information, see Molloy et al. (2021) <https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/477416>.

Interaction between a genetic variant (e.g., a single nucleotide polymorphism) and an environmental variable (e.g., physical activity) can have a shared effect on multiple phenotypes (e.g., blood lipids). We implement a two-step method to test for an overall interaction effect on multiple phenotypes. In first step, the method tests for an overall marginal genetic association between the genetic variant and the multivariate phenotype. The genetic variants which show an evidence of marginal overall genetic effect in the first step are prioritized while testing for an overall gene-environment interaction effect in the second step. Methodology is available from: A Majumdar, KS Burch, T Haldar, S Sankararaman, B Pasaniuc, WJ Gauderman, JS Witte (2020) <doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa1083>.

This package creates an object that stores a matrix ensemble, matrices that share the same common properties, where rows and columns can be annotated. Matrices must have the same dimension and dimnames. Operators to manipulate these objects are provided as well as mechanisms to apply functions to these objects.

This package provides multivariate goodness-of-fit testing with a common interface for several test statistics. Null models may be simple or include parameter estimation, with p-values obtained by parametric bootstrap simulation. The function gof_test_adjusted_pvalue() combines several tests and computes a p-value adjusted for simultaneous inference. The function gof_power() estimates test power. The functions hybrid_test() and hybrid_power() use Monte Carlo samples under the null together with two-sample procedures. The function run.studies() supports systematic power comparisons of user-supplied and included methods across case studies. See the included vignettes for method details and references.

Researchers often have expectations about the relations between means of different groups or standardized regression coefficients; using informative hypothesis testing to incorporate these expectations into the analysis through order constraints increases statistical power Vanbrabant and Rosseel (2020) <doi:10.4324/9780429273872-14>. Another valuable tool, the Bayes factor, can evaluate evidence for multiple hypotheses without concerns about multiple testing, and can be used in Bayesian updating Hoijtink, Mulder, van Lissa & Gu (2019) <doi:10.1037/met0000201>. The bain R package enables informative hypothesis testing using the Bayes factor. The mmibain package provides shiny web applications based on bain'. The RepliCrisis() function launches a shiny card game to simulate the evaluation of replication studies while the mmibain() function launches a shiny application to fit Bayesian informative hypotheses evaluation models from bain'.

Programmatic interface to several NASA Earth Observation OPeNDAP servers (Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol) (<https://www.opendap.org/>). Allows for easy downloads of MODIS subsets, as well as other Earth Observation datacubes, in a time-saving and efficient way : by sampling it at the very downloading phase (spatially, temporally and dimensionally).

Engaging the private sector in contraceptive method supply is critical for equitable, sustainable, and accessible healthcare systems. This package implements Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate public and private contraceptive supply shares over time at national and subnational levels, using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. Penalized splines are used to track supply shares over time, and spatial correlation structures link national and subnational estimates in data- sparse settings. For more details see Comiskey (2025) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2510.25153>.