The optimal level of significance is calculated based on a decision-theoretic approach. The optimal level is chosen so that the expected loss from hypothesis testing is minimized. A range of statistical tests are covered, including the test for the population mean, population proportion, and a linear restriction in a multiple regression model. The details are covered in Kim and Choi (2020) <doi:10.1111/abac.12172>, and Kim (2021) <doi:10.1080/00031305.2020.1750484>.

Optimal testing under general dependence. The R package implements procedures proposed in Wang, Han, and Tong (2022). The package includes parameter estimation procedures, the computation for the posterior probabilities, and the testing procedure.

We provide two algorithms for monitoring change points with online matrix-valued time series, under the assumption of a two-way factor structure. The algorithms are based on different calculations of the second moment matrices. One is based on stacking the columns of matrix observations, while another is by a more delicate projected approach. A well-known fact is that, in the presence of a change point, a factor model can be rewritten as a model with a larger number of common factors. In turn, this entails that, in the presence of a change point, the number of spiked eigenvalues in the second moment matrix of the data increases. Based on this, we propose two families of procedures - one based on the fluctuations of partial sums, and one based on extreme value theory - to monitor whether the first non-spiked eigenvalue diverges after a point in time in the monitoring horizon, thereby indicating the presence of a change point. This package also provides some simple functions for detecting and removing outliers, imputing missing entries and testing moments. See more details in He et al. (2021)<doi:10.48550/arXiv.2112.13479>.

High-performance implementation of 36 optimal binning algorithms (16 categorical, 20 numerical) for Weight of Evidence ('WoE') transformation, credit scoring, and risk modeling. Includes advanced methods such as Mixed Integer Linear Programming ('MILP'), Genetic Algorithms, Simulated Annealing, and Monotonic Regression. Features automatic method selection based on Information Value ('IV') maximization, strict monotonicity enforcement, and efficient handling of large datasets via Rcpp'. Fully integrated with the tidymodels ecosystem for building robust machine learning pipelines. Based on methods described in Siddiqi (2006) <doi:10.1002/9781119201731> and Navas-Palencia (2020) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2001.08025>.

This package provides tools to analyse, interpret and understand air pollution data. Data are typically regular time series and air quality measurement, meteorological data and dispersion model output can be analysed. The package is described in Carslaw and Ropkins (2012, <doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.09.008>) and subsequent papers.

Implementation of optimistic optimization methods for global optimization of deterministic or stochastic functions. The algorithms feature guarantees of the convergence to a global optimum. They require minimal assumptions on the (only local) smoothness, where the smoothness parameter does not need to be known. They are expected to be useful for the most difficult functions when we have no information on smoothness and the gradients are unknown or do not exist. Due to the weak assumptions, however, they can be mostly effective only in small dimensions, for example, for hyperparameter tuning.

Fast, optimal, and reproducible clustering algorithms for circular, periodic, or framed data. The algorithms introduced here are based on a core algorithm for optimal framed clustering the authors have developed (Debnath & Song 2021) <doi:10.1109/TCBB.2021.3077573>. The runtime of these algorithms is O(K N log^2 N), where K is the number of clusters and N is the number of circular data points. On a desktop computer using a single processor core, millions of data points can be grouped into a few clusters within seconds. One can apply the algorithms to characterize events along circular DNA molecules, circular RNA molecules, and circular genomes of bacteria, chloroplast, and mitochondria. One can also cluster climate data along any given longitude or latitude. Periodic data clustering can be formulated as circular clustering. The algorithms offer a general high-performance solution to circular, periodic, or framed data clustering.

This package provides an Interface to Open Collaboration Services OCS (<https://www.open-collaboration-services.org/>) REST API.

Facilitates the creation of intuitive figures to describe metabolomics data by utilizing Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) hierarchy data, and gathers functional orthology and gene data from the KEGG-REST API.

Interface to make HTTP requests to OpenBlender API services. Go to <https://openblender.io> for more information.

This package provides functions for plotting Australia's coastline and state boundaries.

Shiny Application to visualize Olympic Data. From 1896 to 2016. Even Winter Olympics events are included. Data is from Kaggle at <https://www.kaggle.com/heesoo37/120-years-of-olympic-history-athletes-and-results>.

We proposes a framework that provides real time support for early detection of anomalous series within a large collection of streaming time series data. By definition, anomalies are rare in comparison to a system's typical behaviour. We define an anomaly as an observation that is very unlikely given the forecast distribution. The algorithm first forecasts a boundary for the system's typical behaviour using a representative sample of the typical behaviour of the system. An approach based on extreme value theory is used for this boundary prediction process. Then a sliding window is used to test for anomalous series within the newly arrived collection of series. Feature based representation of time series is used as the input to the model. To cope with concept drift, the forecast boundary for the system's typical behaviour is updated periodically. More details regarding the algorithm can be found in Talagala, P. D., Hyndman, R. J., Smith-Miles, K., et al. (2019) <doi:10.1080/10618600.2019.1617160>.

Estimates optimal classification (Poole 2000) <doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pan.a029814> scores from roll call votes supplied though a rollcall object from package pscl'.

An approach to outlier detection in RNA-seq and related data based on five statistics. OutSeekR implements an outlier test by comparing the distributions of these statistics in observed data with those of simulated null data.

Outcome-dependent sampling (ODS) schemes are cost-effective ways to enhance study efficiency. In ODS designs, one observes the exposure/covariates with a probability that depends on the outcome variable. Popular ODS designs include case-control for binary outcome, case-cohort for time-to-event outcome, and continuous outcome ODS design (Zhou et al. 2002) <doi: 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2002.00413.x>. Because ODS data has biased sampling nature, standard statistical analysis such as linear regression will lead to biases estimates of the population parameters. This package implements four statistical methods related to ODS designs: (1) An empirical likelihood method analyzing the primary continuous outcome with respect to exposure variables in continuous ODS design (Zhou et al., 2002). (2) A partial linear model analyzing the primary outcome in continuous ODS design (Zhou, Qin and Longnecker, 2011) <doi: 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2010.01500.x>. (3) Analyze a secondary outcome in continuous ODS design (Pan et al. 2018) <doi: 10.1002/sim.7672>. (4) An estimated likelihood method analyzing a secondary outcome in case-cohort data (Pan et al. 2017) <doi: 10.1111/biom.12838>.

Apply unsupervised segmentation algorithms included in Orfeo ToolBox software (<https://www.orfeo-toolbox.org/>), such as mean shift or watershed segmentation.

This package performs one-way tests in independent groups designs including homoscedastic and heteroscedastic tests. These are one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Welch's heteroscedastic F test, Welch's heteroscedastic F test with trimmed means and Winsorized variances, Brown-Forsythe test, Alexander-Govern test, James second order test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Scott-Smith test, Box F test, Johansen F test, Generalized tests equivalent to Parametric Bootstrap and Fiducial tests, Alvandi's F test, Alvandi's generalized p-value, approximate F test, B square test, Cochran test, Weerahandi's generalized F test, modified Brown-Forsythe test, adjusted Welch's heteroscedastic F test, Welch-Aspin test, Permutation F test. The package performs pairwise comparisons and graphical approaches. Also, the package includes Student's t test, Welch's t test and Mann-Whitney U test for two samples. Moreover, it assesses variance homogeneity and normality of data in each group via tests and plots (Dag et al., 2018, <https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2018/RJ-2018-022/RJ-2018-022.pdf>).

Provide functions for users or machines to quickly and easily retrieve datasets from the mindat.org API (<https://api.mindat.org/schema/redoc/>).

OpenTelemetry is a collection of tools, APIs', and SDKs used to instrument, generate, collect, and export telemetry data (metrics, logs, and traces) for analysis in order to understand your software's performance and behavior. This package contains the OpenTelemetry SDK', and exporters. Use this package to export traces, metrics, logs from instrumented R code. Use the otel package to instrument your R code for OpenTelemetry'.

Use optimization to estimate weights that balance covariates for binary, multi-category, continuous, and multivariate treatments in the spirit of Zubizarreta (2015) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2015.1023805>. The degree of balance can be specified for each covariate. In addition, sampling weights can be estimated that allow a sample to generalize to a population specified with given target moments of covariates, as in matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC).

Bayesian logistic regression model with optional EXchangeability-NonEXchangeability parameter modelling for flexible borrowing from historical or concurrent data-sources. The safety model can guide dose-escalation decisions for adaptive oncology Phase I dose-escalation trials which involve an arbitrary number of drugs. Please refer to Neuenschwander et al. (2008) <doi:10.1002/sim.3230> and Neuenschwander et al. (2016) <doi:10.1080/19466315.2016.1174149> for details on the methodology.

This package provides routines for finding an Optimal System of Distinct Representatives (OSDR), as defined by D.Gale (1968) <doi:10.1016/S0021-9800(68)80039-0>.

This package provides a regression framework for response variables which are continuous self-rating scales such as the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) used in pain assessment, or the Linear Analog Self-Assessment (LASA) scales in quality of life studies. These scales measure subjects perception of an intangible quantity, and cannot be handled as ratio variables because of their inherent non-linearity. We treat them as ordinal variables, measured on a continuous scale. A function (the g function) connects the scale with an underlying continuous latent variable. The link function is the inverse of the CDF of the assumed underlying distribution of the latent variable. A variety of link functions are currently implemented. Such models are described in Manuguerra et al (2020) <doi:10.18637/jss.v096.i08>.