This package provides functions for kriging and point pattern analysis.

SpatialDE is a method to find spatially variable genes (SVG) from spatial transcriptomics data. This package provides wrappers to use the Python SpatialDE library in R, using reticulate and basilisk.

Test and estimates of location, tests of independence, tests of sphericity and several estimates of shape all based on spatial signs, symmetrized signs, ranks and signed ranks. For details, see Oja and Randles (2004) <doi:10.1214/088342304000000558> and Oja (2010) <doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0468-3>.

This package implements a spatial extension of the random forest algorithm (Georganos et al. (2019) <doi:10.1080/10106049.2019.1595177>). Allows for a geographically weighted random forest regression including a function to find the optical bandwidth. (Georganos and Kalogirou (2022) <https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/9/471>).

Spatial forecast verification refers to verifying weather forecasts when the verification set (forecast and observations) is on a spatial field, usually a high-resolution gridded spatial field. Most of the functions here require the forecast and observed fields to be gridded and on the same grid. For a thorough review of most of the methods in this package, please see Gilleland et al. (2009) <doi: 10.1175/2009WAF2222269.1> and for a tutorial on some of the main functions available here, see Gilleland (2022) <doi: 10.5065/4px3-5a05>.

Perform variable selection for the spatial Poisson regression model under the adaptive elastic net penalty. Spatial count data with covariates is the input. We use a spatial Poisson regression model to link the spatial counts and covariates. For maximization of the likelihood under adaptive elastic net penalty, we implemented the penalized quasi-likelihood (PQL) and the approximate penalized loglikelihood (APL) methods. The proposed methods can automatically select important covariates, while adjusting for possible spatial correlations among the responses. More details are available in Xie et al. (2018, <arXiv:1809.06418>). The package also contains the Lyme disease dataset, which consists of the disease case data from 2006 to 2011, and demographic data and land cover data in Virginia. The Lyme disease case data were collected by the Virginia Department of Health. The demographic data (e.g., population density, median income, and average age) are from the 2010 census. Land cover data were obtained from the Multi-Resolution Land Cover Consortium for 2006.

Automatic generation and selection of spatial predictors for spatial regression with Random Forest. Spatial predictors are surrogates of variables driving the spatial structure of a response variable. The package offers two methods to generate spatial predictors from a distance matrix among training cases: 1) Moran's Eigenvector Maps (MEMs; Dray, Legendre, and Peres-Neto 2006 <DOI:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.015>): computed as the eigenvectors of a weighted matrix of distances; 2) RFsp (Hengl et al. <DOI:10.7717/peerj.5518>): columns of the distance matrix used as spatial predictors. Spatial predictors help minimize the spatial autocorrelation of the model residuals and facilitate an honest assessment of the importance scores of the non-spatial predictors. Additionally, functions to reduce multicollinearity, identify relevant variable interactions, tune random forest hyperparameters, assess model transferability via spatial cross-validation, and explore model results via partial dependence curves and interaction surfaces are included in the package. The modelling functions are built around the highly efficient ranger package (Wright and Ziegler 2017 <DOI:10.18637/jss.v077.i01>).

This package provides methods and data for cluster detection and disease mapping.

This package provides a collection of all the estimation functions for spatial cross-sectional models (on lattice/areal data using spatial weights matrices) contained up to now in spdep.

Blind source separation for multivariate spatial data based on simultaneous/joint diagonalization of (robust) local covariance matrices. This package is an implementation of the methods described in Bachoc, Genton, Nordhausen, Ruiz-Gazen and Virta (2020) <doi:10.1093/biomet/asz079>.

This package provides a set of spatial accessibility measures from a set of locations (demand) to another set of locations (supply). It aims, among others, to support research on spatial accessibility to health care facilities. Includes the locations and some characteristics of major public hospitals in Greece.

Utilities to support spatial data manipulation, query, sampling and modelling in ecological applications. Functions include models for species population density, spatial smoothing, multivariate separability, point process model for creating pseudo- absences and sub-sampling, Quadrant-based sampling and analysis, auto-logistic modeling, sampling models, cluster optimization, statistical exploratory tools and raster-based metrics.

Calculate Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) for spatial data. The algorithm is inspired by the tool Heatmap from QGIS'. The method is described by: Hart, T., Zandbergen, P. (2014) <doi:10.1108/PIJPSM-04-2013-0039>, Nelson, T. A., Boots, B. (2008) <doi:10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05548.x>, Chainey, S., Tompson, L., Uhlig, S.(2008) <doi:10.1057/palgrave.sj.8350066>.

Spatial versions of Regression Discontinuity Designs (RDDs) are becoming increasingly popular as tools for causal inference. However, conducting state-of-the-art analyses often involves tedious and time-consuming steps. This package offers comprehensive functionalities for executing all required spatial and econometric tasks in a streamlined manner. Moreover, it equips researchers with tools for performing essential placebo and balancing checks comprehensively. The fact that researchers do not have to rely on APIs of external GIS software ensures replicability and raises the standard for spatial RDDs.

This package provides a spatial population can be generated based on spatially varying regression model under the assumption that observations are collected from a uniform two-dimensional grid consist of (m * m) lattice points with unit distance between any two neighbouring points. For method details see Chao, Liu., Chuanhua, Wei. and Yunan, Su. (2018).<DOI:10.1080/10485252.2018.1499907>. This spatially generated data can be used to test different issues related to the statistical analysis of spatial data. This generated spatial data can be utilized in geographically weighted regression analysis for studying the spatially varying relationships among the variables.

This package contains efficient implementations of Discrete Optimal Transport algorithms for the computation of Kantorovich-Wasserstein distances between pairs of large spatial maps (Bassetti, Gualandi, Veneroni (2020), <doi:10.1137/19M1261195>). All the algorithms are based on an ad-hoc implementation of the Network Simplex algorithm. The package has four main helper functions: compareOneToOne() (to compare two spatial maps), compareOneToMany() (to compare a reference map with a list of other maps), compareAll() (to compute a matrix of distances between a list of maps), and focusArea() (to compute the KWD distance within a focus area). In non-convex maps, the helper functions first build the convex-hull of the input bins and pad the weights with zeros.

Fit latent variable models with the GEV distribution as the data likelihood and the GEV parameters following latent Gaussian processes. The models in this package are built using the template model builder TMB in R, which has the fast ability to integrate out the latent variables using Laplace approximation. This package allows the users to choose in the fit function which GEV parameter(s) is considered as a spatially varying random effect following a Gaussian process, so the users can fit spatial GEV models with different complexities to their dataset without having to write the models in TMB by themselves. This package also offers methods to sample from both fixed and random effects posteriors as well as the posterior predictive distributions at different spatial locations. Methods for fitting this class of models are described in Chen, Ramezan, and Lysy (2024) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2110.07051>.

Inspect interactively the spatially-resolved transcriptomics data from the 10x Genomics Visium platform as well as data from the Maynard, Collado-Torres et al, Nature Neuroscience, 2021 project analyzed by Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD) researchers and collaborators.

Visualization and analysis of Vectra Immunoflourescent data. Options for calculating both the univariate and bivariate Ripley's K are included. Calculations are performed using a permutation-based approach presented by Wilson et al. <doi:10.1101/2021.04.27.21256104>.

SpatialCPie is an R package designed to facilitate cluster evaluation for spatial transcriptomics data by providing intuitive visualizations that display the relationships between clusters in order to guide the user during cluster identification and other downstream applications. The package is built around a shiny "gadget" to allow the exploration of the data with multiple plots in parallel and an interactive UI. The user can easily toggle between different cluster resolutions in order to choose the most appropriate visual cues.

This package provides methods for spatial risk calculations. It offers an efficient approach to determine the sum of all observations within a circle of a certain radius. This might be beneficial for insurers who are required (by a recent European Commission regulation) to determine the maximum value of insured fire risk policies of all buildings that are partly or fully located within a circle of a radius of 200m. See Church (1974) <doi:10.1007/BF01942293> for a description of the problem.

Deconvolution of spatial transcriptomics data based on neural networks and single-cell RNA-seq data. SpatialDDLS implements a workflow to create neural network models able to make accurate estimates of cell composition of spots from spatial transcriptomics data using deep learning and the meaningful information provided by single-cell RNA-seq data. See Torroja and Sanchez-Cabo (2019) <doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00978> and Mañanes et al. (2024) <doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btae072> to get an overview of the method and see some examples of its performance.

This package provides tools to assess the association between two spatial processes. Currently, several methodologies are implemented: A modified t-test to perform hypothesis testing about the independence between the processes, a suitable nonparametric correlation coefficient, the codispersion coefficient, and an F test for assessing the multiple correlation between one spatial process and several others. Functions for image processing and computing the spatial association between images are also provided. Functions contained in the package are intended to accompany Vallejos, R., Osorio, F., Bevilacqua, M. (2020). Spatial Relationships Between Two Georeferenced Variables: With Applications in R. Springer, Cham <doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56681-4>.

Finite element modeling (FEM) uses meshes of triangles to define surfaces. A surface within a triangle may be either linear or quadratic. In the order one case each node in the mesh is associated with a basis function and the basis is called the order one finite element basis. In the order two case each edge mid-point is also associated with a basis function. Functions are provided for smoothing, density function estimation point evaluation and plotting results. Two papers illustrating the finite element data analysis are Sangalli, L.M., Ramsay, J.O., Ramsay, T.O. (2013)<http://www.mox.polimi.it/~sangalli> and Bernardi, M.S, Carey, M., Ramsay, J. O., Sangalli, L. (2018)<http://www.mox.polimi.it/~sangalli>. Modelling spatial anisotropy via regression with partial differential regularization Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 167, 15-30.