This package provides functions for the analysis of ant communities, aiming to standardize workflows in myrmecology. The package automates the assignment of species to functional guilds based on trophic strategies, feeding habits, and foraging behavior, using established classification frameworks (Silva et al., 2015 <doi:10.7476/9788574554419>; Silvestre et al., 2003 <isbn:9588151236>; Delabie et al., 2000 <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44961742_Sampling_Ground-Dwelling_Ants_Case_Studies_from_the_World%27s_Rain_Forests>), and also includes a novel classification system implemented within the package, developed from ant species occurring in urban environments. It also includes routines to flag exotic species of Brazil (Vieira, 2025, unpublished master's thesis), identify endemic species (Silva et al., 2025 <doi:10.37885/250920259>), and classify species rarity and rarity forms of the Atlantic Forest (Silva et al., 2024 <doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110640>). The package reduces manual effort and improves reproducibility, supporting research and biodiversity management of Neotropical ant communities.

This package implements the Singularity Regression Kriging ('SRK') model for spatial prediction by integrating covariate singularity feature construction, nonlinear trend estimation via random forest, and geostatistical interpolation of residuals using ordinary kriging. Singularity-based anomaly indices are computed from environmental covariates at multiple spatial scales to capture local multiscale heterogeneity and augment the random forest feature set for trend estimation. The resulting residuals are interpolated using ordinary kriging to generate final spatial predictions with uncertainty quantification. Tools for spatial block cross-validation, parameter sensitivity analysis, and diagnostic visualization are also provided. Methods are based on Ren, Song, Chen, and Yu (2026) <doi:10.1080/15481603.2026.2690341>, with singularity theory from Cheng (2012) <doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.07.007> and Cheng (2017) <doi:10.1016/j.gr.2017.07.011>, random forest methodology from Breiman (2001) <doi:10.1023/A:1010933404324>, and regression kriging framework from Hengl, Heuvelink, and Rossiter (2007) <doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2007.05.001>.

This package provides a shiny'-based platform for sub-national monitoring of global development indicators using large-scale household surveys. The package supports the Demographic and Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, Malaria Indicator Surveys, Integrated Household Budget Surveys, Service Provision Assessment surveys, and Living Standards Measurement Study surveys. It provides workflows for descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive spatial analytics, including a spatial equalizer for survey-shapefile integration, exploratory spatial data analysis, area-level small area estimation, spatial autoregressive and spatial error models, hierarchical multilevel models, spatial inequality metrics, spatial and temporal decomposition, and publication-ready reporting. The implemented methods are described in <doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x>, <doi:10.1007/s11749-018-0599-x>, and the reference identified by <isbn:9781118735787>. The software has been cited in applied geographic and multilevel health studies, including studies of arthritis resource allocation <doi:10.1016/j.jorep.2026.101000> and childhood stunting priorities <doi:10.1016/j.nutos.2026.100660>.

This package provides methods to analyze micro-randomized trials (MRTs) with binary treatment options. Supports four types of analyses: (1) proximal causal excursion effects, including weighted and centered least squares (WCLS) for continuous proximal outcomes by Boruvka et al. (2018) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2017.1305274> and the estimator for marginal excursion effect (EMEE) for binary proximal outcomes by Qian et al. (2021) <doi:10.1093/biomet/asaa070>; (2) distal causal excursion effects (DCEE) for continuous distal outcomes using a two-stage estimator by Qian (2025) <doi:10.1093/biomtc/ujaf134>; (3) mediated causal excursion effects (MCEE) for continuous distal outcomes, estimating natural direct and indirect excursion effects in the presence of time-varying mediators by Qian (2025) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.20027>; and (4) standardized proximal effect size estimation for continuous proximal outcomes, generalizing the approach in Luers et al. (2019) <doi:10.1007/s11121-017-0862-5> to allow adjustment for baseline and time-varying covariates for improved efficiency.

This package provides a unified framework for generating, submitting, and analyzing pairwise comparisons of writing quality using large language models (LLMs). The package supports live and/or batch evaluation workflows across multiple providers ('OpenAI', Anthropic', Google Gemini', Together AI', and locally-hosted Ollama models), includes bias-tested prompt templates and a flexible template registry, and offers tools for constructing forward and reversed comparison sets to analyze consistency and positional bias. The package additionally supports adaptive pairing workflows that iteratively select comparisons based on model uncertainty to improve ranking efficiency. Results can be modeled using frequentist or Bayesian Bradleyâ Terryâ Luce models (Bradley & Terry, 1952 <doi:10.2307/2334029>; see also Caron & Doucet, 2012 <doi:10.1080/10618600.2012.638220>) or Elo rating methods (see Clark et al., 2018 <doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190393>) to derive writing quality scores. For information on pairwise comparisons and comparative judgement, see Thurstone (1927) <doi:10.1037/h0070288> and Heldsinger & Humphry (2010) <doi:10.1007/BF03216919>.

This package performs the permutation test using difference in the restricted mean survival time (RMST) between groups as a summary measure of the survival time distribution. When the sample size is less than 50 per group, it has been shown that there is non-negligible inflation of the type I error rate in the commonly used asymptotic test for the RMST comparison. Generally, permutation tests can be useful in such a situation. However, when we apply the permutation test for the RMST comparison, particularly in small sample situations, there are some cases where the survival function in either group cannot be defined due to censoring in the permutation process. Horiguchi and Uno (2020) <doi:10.1002/sim.8565> have examined six workable solutions to handle this numerical issue. It performs permutation tests with implementation of the six methods outlined in the paper when the numerical issue arises during the permutation process. The result of the asymptotic test is also provided for a reference.

Access Datastream content through <https://product.datastream.com/dswsclient/Docs/Default.aspx>., our historical financial database with over 35 million individual instruments or indicators across all major asset classes, including over 19 million active economic indicators. It features 120 years of data, across 175 countries â the information you need to interpret market trends, economic cycles, and the impact of world events. Data spans bond indices, bonds, commodities, convertibles, credit default swaps, derivatives, economics, energy, equities, equity indices, ESG, estimates, exchange rates, fixed income, funds, fundamentals, interest rates, and investment trusts. Unique content includes I/B/E/S Estimates, Worldscope Fundamentals, point-in-time data, and Reuters Polls. Alongside the content, sit a set of powerful analytical tools for exploring relationships between different asset types, with a library of customizable analytical functions. In-house timeseries can also be uploaded using the package to comingle with Datastream maintained datasets, use with these analytical tools and displayed in Datastreamâ s flexible charting facilities in Microsoft Office.

This package provides a reproducible pipeline to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and extract single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for a human trait or disease. Given aggregated GWAS dataset(s) and a user-defined significance threshold, the package retrieves significant SNPs from the GWAS Catalog using supported trait identifiers, annotates their gene context, and can write a harmonised metadata table in comma-separated values (CSV) format, genomic intervals in the Browser Extensible Data (BED) format, and sequences in the FASTA (text-based sequence) format with user-defined flanking regions for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) guide design. The existing efo_id argument is retained for backward compatibility. The package prepares computational artifacts for downstream workflows; it does not perform biological causality testing, clinical interpretation, therapeutic design, or wet-lab validation. For details on the resources and methods see: Buniello et al. (2019) <doi:10.1093/nar/gky1120>; Sollis et al. (2023) <doi:10.1093/nar/gkac1010>; Jinek et al. (2012) <doi:10.1126/science.1225829>.

This package provides a data clustering package based on admixture ratios (Q matrix) of population structure. The framework is based on iterative Pruning procedure that performs data clustering by splitting a given population into subclusters until meeting the condition of stopping criteria the same as ipPCA, iNJclust, and IPCAPS frameworks. The package also provides a function to retrieve phylogeny tree that construct a neighbor-joining tree based on a similar matrix between clusters. By given multiple Q matrices with varying a number of ancestors (K), the framework define a similar value between clusters i,j as a minimum number K* that makes majority of members of two clusters are in the different clusters. This K* reflexes a minimum number of ancestors we need to splitting cluster i,j into different clusters if we assign K* clusters based on maximum admixture ratio of individuals. The publication of this package is at Chainarong Amornbunchornvej, Pongsakorn Wangkumhang, and Sissades Tongsima (2020) <doi:10.1101/2020.03.21.001206>.

Fits single-species, multi-species, and integrated non-spatial and spatial occupancy models using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Models are fit using Polya-Gamma data augmentation detailed in Polson, Scott, and Windle (2013) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2013.829001>. Spatial models are fit using either Gaussian processes or Nearest Neighbor Gaussian Processes (NNGP) for large spatial datasets. Details on NNGP models are given in Datta, Banerjee, Finley, and Gelfand (2016) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2015.1044091> and Finley, Datta, and Banerjee (2022) <doi:10.18637/jss.v103.i05>. Provides functionality for data integration of multiple single-species occupancy data sets using a joint likelihood framework. Details on data integration are given in Miller, Pacifici, Sanderlin, and Reich (2019) <doi:10.1111/2041-210X.13110>. Details on single-species and multi-species models are found in MacKenzie, Nichols, Lachman, Droege, Royle, and Langtimm (2002) <doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2248:ESORWD]2.0.CO;2> and Dorazio and Royle <doi:10.1198/016214505000000015>, respectively.

An implementation for the multi-task Gaussian processes with common mean framework. Two main algorithms, called Magma and MagmaClust', are available to perform predictions for supervised learning problems, in particular for time series or any functional/continuous data applications. The corresponding articles has been respectively proposed by Arthur Leroy, Pierre Latouche, Benjamin Guedj and Servane Gey (2022) <doi:10.1007/s10994-022-06172-1>, and Arthur Leroy, Pierre Latouche, Benjamin Guedj and Servane Gey (2023) <https://jmlr.org/papers/v24/20-1321.html>. Theses approaches leverage the learning of cluster-specific mean processes, which are common across similar tasks, to provide enhanced prediction performances (even far from data) at a linear computational cost (in the number of tasks). MagmaClust is a generalisation of Magma where the tasks are simultaneously clustered into groups, each being associated to a specific mean process. User-oriented functions in the package are decomposed into training, prediction and plotting functions. Some basic features (classic kernels, training, prediction) of standard Gaussian processes are also implemented.

This package performs one-way tests in independent groups designs including homoscedastic and heteroscedastic tests. These are one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Welch's heteroscedastic F test, Welch's heteroscedastic F test with trimmed means and Winsorized variances, Brown-Forsythe test, Alexander-Govern test, James second order test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Scott-Smith test, Box F test, Johansen F test, Generalized tests equivalent to Parametric Bootstrap and Fiducial tests, Alvandi's F test, Alvandi's generalized p-value, approximate F test, B square test, Cochran test, Weerahandi's generalized F test, modified Brown-Forsythe test, adjusted Welch's heteroscedastic F test, Welch-Aspin test, Permutation F test. The package performs pairwise comparisons and graphical approaches. Also, the package includes Student's t test, Welch's t test and Mann-Whitney U test for two samples. Moreover, it assesses variance homogeneity and normality of data in each group via tests and plots (Dag et al., 2018, <https://journal.r-project.org/archive/2018/RJ-2018-022/RJ-2018-022.pdf>).

The purpose of this library is to compute the optimal charging cost function for a electric vehicle (EV). It is well known that the charging function of a EV is a concave function that can be approximated by a piece-wise linear function, so bigger the state of charge, slower the charging process is. Moreover, the other important function is the one that gives the electricity price. This function is usually step-wise, since depending on the time of the day, the price of the electricity is different. Then, the problem of charging an EV to a certain state of charge is not trivial. This library implements an algorithm to compute the optimal charging cost function, that is, it plots for a given state of charge r (between 0 and 1) the minimum cost we need to pay in order to charge the EV to that state of charge r. The details of the algorithm are described in González-Rodrà guez et at (2023) <https://inria.hal.science/hal-04362876v1>.

This package provides a framework for dynamically combining forecasting models for time series forecasting predictive tasks. It leverages machine learning models from other packages to automatically combine expert advice using metalearning and other state-of-the-art forecasting combination approaches. The predictive methods receive a data matrix as input, representing an embedded time series, and return a predictive ensemble model. The ensemble use generic functions predict() and forecast() to forecast future values of the time series. Moreover, an ensemble can be updated using methods, such as update_weights() or update_base_models()'. A complete description of the methods can be found in: Cerqueira, V., Torgo, L., Pinto, F., and Soares, C. "Arbitrated Ensemble for Time Series Forecasting." to appear at: Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Springer International Publishing, 2017; and Cerqueira, V., Torgo, L., and Soares, C.: "Arbitrated Ensemble for Solar Radiation Forecasting." International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks. Springer, 2017 <doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59153-7_62>.

This package extends sparse matrix and vector classes from the Matrix package by providing:

1. Methods and operators that work natively on CSR formats (compressed sparse row, a.k.a. RsparseMatrix) such as slicing/sub-setting, assignment, rbind(), mathematical operators for CSR and COO such as addition or sqrt(), and methods such as diag();

2. Multi-threaded matrix multiplication and cross-product for many <sparse, dense> types, including the float32 type from float;

3. Coercion methods between pairs of classes which are not present in Matrix, such as from dgCMatrix to ngRMatrix, as well as convenience conversion functions;

4. Utility functions for sparse matrices such as sorting the indices or removing zero-valued entries;

5. Fast transposes that work by outputting in the opposite storage format;

6. Faster replacements for many Matrix methods for all sparse types, such as slicing and elementwise multiplication.

7. Convenience functions for sparse objects, such as mapSparse or a shorter show method.

This package implements policy evaluation primitives from HM Treasury Magenta Book guidance (HM Treasury, 2026): theory of change and log-frame construction, evaluation planning and stakeholder mapping, power and minimum-detectable-effect calculations for randomised designs (including cluster and stepped-wedge designs following Hussey and Hughes (2007) <doi:10.1016/j.cct.2006.05.007> and Hemming et al. (2015) <doi:10.1136/bmj.h391>), Maryland Scientific Methods Scale ratings, structured confidence ratings, light-weight difference-in-differences and interrupted-time-series estimators (Bernal et al. (2017) <doi:10.1093/ije/dyw098>) with cluster-robust standard errors (Cameron and Miller (2015) <doi:10.3368/jhr.50.2.317>), pre-treatment balance checks (Stuart (2010) <doi:10.1214/09-STS313>), and cost-effectiveness analysis (cost per outcome, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, acceptability curves, incremental net benefit, quality-adjusted and disability-adjusted life years). Designed as the evaluation companion to the appraisal package greenbook'. Bundled rubric and reference tables carry vintage metadata for reproducibility. Aligned with the May 2026 republication of the Magenta Book.

geneXtendeR optimizes the functional annotation of ChIP-seq peaks by exploring relative differences in annotating ChIP-seq peak sets to variable-length gene bodies. In contrast to prior techniques, geneXtendeR considers peak annotations beyond just the closest gene, allowing users to see peak summary statistics for the first-closest gene, second-closest gene, ..., n-closest gene whilst ranking the output according to biologically relevant events and iteratively comparing the fidelity of peak-to-gene overlap across a user-defined range of upstream and downstream extensions on the original boundaries of each gene's coordinates. Since different ChIP-seq peak callers produce different differentially enriched peaks with a large variance in peak length distribution and total peak count, annotating peak lists with their nearest genes can often be a noisy process. As such, the goal of geneXtendeR is to robustly link differentially enriched peaks with their respective genes, thereby aiding experimental follow-up and validation in designing primers for a set of prospective gene candidates during qPCR.

Statistical hypothesis testing of pattern heterogeneity via differences in underlying distributions across multiple contingency tables. Five tests are included: the comparative chi-squared test (Song et al. 2014) <doi:10.1093/nar/gku086> (Zhang et al. 2015) <doi:10.1093/nar/gkv358>, the Sharma-Song test (Sharma et al. 2021) <doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab240>, the heterogeneity test, the marginal-change test (Sharma et al. 2020) <doi:10.1145/3388440.3412485>, and the strength test (Sharma et al. 2020) <doi:10.1145/3388440.3412485>. Under the null hypothesis that row and column variables are statistically independent and joint distributions are equal, their test statistics all follow an asymptotically chi-squared distribution. A comprehensive type analysis categorizes the relation among the contingency tables into type null, 0, 1, and 2 (Sharma et al. 2020) <doi:10.1145/3388440.3412485>. They can identify heterogeneous patterns that differ in either the first order (marginal) or the second order (differential departure from independence). Second-order differences reveal more fundamental changes than first-order differences across heterogeneous patterns.

Perform non-bipartite matching and matched randomization. A "bipartite" matching utilizes two separate groups, e.g. smokers being matched to nonsmokers or cases being matched to controls. A "non-bipartite" matching creates mates from one big group, e.g. 100 hospitals being randomized for a two-arm cluster randomized trial or 5000 children who have been exposed to various levels of secondhand smoke and are being paired to form a greater exposure vs. lesser exposure comparison. At the core of a non-bipartite matching is a N x N distance matrix for N potential mates. The distance between two units expresses a measure of similarity or quality as mates (the lower the better). The gendistance() and distancematrix() functions assist in creating this. The nonbimatch() function creates the matching that minimizes the total sum of distances between mates; hence, it is referred to as an "optimal" matching. The assign.grp() function aids in performing a matched randomization. Note bipartite matching can be performed using the prevent option in gendistance()'.

Researchers often use the bootstrap to understand a sample drawn from a population with unknown distribution. The exact bootstrap method is a practical tool for exploring the distribution of small sample size data. For a sample of size n, the exact bootstrap method generates the entire space of n to the power of n resamples and calculates all realizations of the selected statistic. The exactamente package includes functions for implementing two bootstrap methods, the exact bootstrap and the regular bootstrap. The exact_bootstrap() function applies the exact bootstrap method following methodologies outlined in Kisielinska (2013) <doi:10.1007/s00180-012-0350-0>. The regular_bootstrap() function offers a more traditional bootstrap approach, where users can determine the number of resamples. The e_vs_r() function allows users to directly compare results from these bootstrap methods. To augment user experience, exactamente includes the function exactamente_app() which launches an interactive shiny web application. This application facilitates exploration and comparison of the bootstrap methods, providing options for modifying various parameters and visualizing results.

We included functions to assess the performance of risk models. The package contains functions for the various measures that are used in empirical studies, including univariate and multivariate odds ratios (OR) of the predictors, the c-statistic (or area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC)), Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test, reclassification table, net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Also included are functions to create plots, such as risk distributions, ROC curves, calibration plot, discrimination box plot and predictiveness curves. In addition to functions to assess the performance of risk models, the package includes functions to obtain weighted and unweighted risk scores as well as predicted risks using logistic regression analysis. These logistic regression functions are specifically written for models that include genetic variables, but they can also be applied to models that are based on non-genetic risk factors only. Finally, the package includes function to construct a simulated dataset with genotypes, genetic risks, and disease status for a hypothetical population, which is used for the evaluation of genetic risk models.

This package provides a design-first survey research workflow. An instrument, an analysis plan declared before data collection, and a measurement or structural model are held together in one typed, integrity-checked object (the sframe'), so a study's confirmatory tests are fixed before responses arrive rather than chosen afterward. Includes visual instrument design via a browser-based builder or Shiny studio, export to a self-contained static HTML survey, an embeddable Shiny module, SHA-256 integrity-checked serialisation to the .sframe format, multi-page survey rendering with branching logic, response quality checking, scale scoring, psychometric diagnostics, analysis-plan execution, model syntax generation for EFA, CFA, CB-SEM, and PLS-SEM, an interactive response dashboard, codebook generation, and reproducible HTML reporting. Also supports multi-criteria decision analysis (AHP, ANP, DEMATEL, TOPSIS, VIKOR, MOORA, SMART, WASPAS, PROMETHEE II, ELECTRE I), small-sample survey helpers, and text and open-ended response analysis (term and n-gram frequency, keyword in context, co-occurrence and co-occurrence networks, sentiment, document-feature matrices, and topic modelling via LDA or structural topic models).

This package provides functions which facilitate harmonization of data from multiple different datasets. Data harmonization involves taking data sources with differing values, creating coding instructions to create a harmonized set of values, then making those data modifications. psHarmonize will assist with data modification once the harmonization instructions are written. Coding instructions are written by the user to create a "harmonization sheet". This sheet catalogs variable names, domains (e.g. clinical, behavioral, outcomes), provides R code instructions for mapping or conversion of data, specifies the variable name in the harmonized data set, and tracks notes. The package will then harmonize the source datasets according to the harmonization sheet to create a harmonized dataset. Once harmonization is finished, the package also has functions that will create descriptive statistics using RMarkdown'. Data Harmonization guidelines have been described by Fortier I, Raina P, Van den Heuvel ER, et al. (2017) <doi:10.1093/ije/dyw075>. Additional details of our R package have been described by Stephen JJ, Carolan P, Krefman AE, et al. (2024) <doi:10.1016/j.patter.2024.101003>.

Statistical downscaling and bias correction of climate predictions. It includes implementations of commonly used methods such as Analogs, Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, and Bias Correction techniques, as well as interpolation functions for regridding and point-based applications. It facilitates the production of high-resolution and local-scale climate information from coarse-scale predictions, which is essential for impact analyses. The package can be applied in a wide range of sectors and studies, including agriculture, water management, energy, heatwaves, and other climate-sensitive applications. The package was developed within the framework of the European Union Horizon Europe projects Impetus4Change (101081555) and ASPECT (101081460), the Wellcome Trust supported HARMONIZE project (224694/Z/21/Z), and the Spanish national project BOREAS (PID2022-140673OA-I00). Implements the methods described in Ramon et al. (2021) <doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abe491>', Duzenli et al. (2024) <doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu24-19420>', Moreno-Montes et al. (2026) <doi:10.1016/j.cliser.2026.100639>', Duzenli et al. (2026) <doi:10.1038/s41598-026-45067-2>', Duzenli et al. (2026) <doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ae5c22>'.