Predictive scores must be updated with care, because actions taken on the basis of existing risk scores causes bias in risk estimates from the updated score. A holdout set is a straightforward way to manage this problem: a proportion of the population is held-out from computation of the previous risk score. This package provides tools to estimate a size for this holdout set and associated errors. Comprehensive vignettes are included. Please see: Haidar-Wehbe S, Emerson SR, Aslett LJM, Liley J (2022) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2202.06374> (to appear in Annals of Applied Statistics) for details of methods.

Fit a variety of models to two-way tables with ordered categories. Most of the models are appropriate to apply to tables of that have correlated ordered response categories. There is a particular interest in rater data and models for rescore tables. Some utility functions (e.g., Cohen's kappa and weighted kappa) support more general work on rater agreement. Because the names of the models are very similar, the functions that implement them are organized by last name of the primary author of the article or book that suggested the model, with the name of the function beginning with that author's name and an underscore. This may make some models more difficult to locate if one doesn't have the original sources. The vignettes and tests can help to locate models of interest. For more dertaiils see the following references: Agresti, A. (1983) <doi:10.1016/0167-7152(83)90051-2> "A Simple Diagonals-Parameter Symmetry And Quasi-Symmetry Model", Agrestim A. (1983) <doi:10.2307/2531022> "Testing Marginal Homogeneity for Ordinal Categorical Variables", Agresti, A. (1988) <doi:10.2307/2531866> "A Model For Agreement Between Ratings On An Ordinal Scale", Agresti, A. (1989) <doi:10.1016/0167-7152(89)90104-1> "An Agreement Model With Kappa As Parameter", Agresti, A. (2010 ISBN:978-0470082898) "Analysis Of Ordinal Categorical Data", Bhapkar, V. P. (1966) <doi:10.1080/01621459.1966.10502021> "A Note On The Equivalence Of Two Test Criteria For Hypotheses In Categorical Data", Bhapkar, V. P. (1979) <doi:10.2307/2530344> "On Tests Of Marginal Symmetry And Quasi-Symmetry In Two And Three-Dimensional Contingency Tables", Bowker, A. H. (1948) <doi:10.2307/2280710> "A Test For Symmetry In Contingency Tables", Clayton, D. G. (1974) <doi:10.2307/2335638> "Some Odds Ratio Statistics For The Analysis Of Ordered Categorical Data", Cliff, N. (1993) <doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.3.494> "Dominance Statistics: Ordinal Analyses To Answer Ordinal Questions", Cliff, N. (1996 ISBN:978-0805813333) "Ordinal Methods For Behavioral Data Analysis", Goodman, L. A. (1979) <doi:10.1080/01621459.1979.10481650> "Simple Models For The Analysis Of Association In Cross-Classifications Having Ordered Categories", Goodman, L. A. (1979) <doi:10.2307/2335159> "Multiplicative Models For Square Contingency Tables With Ordered Categories", Ireland, C. T., Ku, H. H., & Kullback, S. (1969) <doi:10.2307/2286071> "Symmetry And Marginal Homogeneity Of An r à r Contingency Table", Ishi-kuntz, M. (1994 ISBN:978-0803943766) "Ordinal Log-linear Models", McCullah, P. (1977) <doi:10.2307/2345320> "A Logistic Model For Paired Comparisons With Ordered Categorical Data", McCullagh, P. (1978) <doi:10.2307/2335224> A Class Of Parametric Models For The Analysis Of Square Contingency Tables With Ordered Categories", McCullagh, P. (1980) <doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1980.tb01109.x> "Regression Models For Ordinal Data", Penn State: Eberly College of Science (undated) <https://online.stat.psu.edu/stat504/lesson/11> "Stat 504: Analysis of Discrete Data, 11. Advanced Topics I", Schuster, C. (2001) <doi:10.3102/10769986026003331> "Kappa As A Parameter Of A Symmetry Model For Rater Agreement", Shoukri, M. M. (2004 ISBN:978-1584883210). "Measures Of Interobserver Agreement", Stuart, A. (1953) <doi:10.2307/2333101> "The Estimation Of And Comparison Of Strengths Of Association In Contingency Tables", Stuart, A. (1955) <doi:10.2307/2333387> "A Test For Homogeneity Of The Marginal Distributions In A Two-Way Classification", von Eye, A., & Mun, E. Y. (2005 ISBN:978-0805849677) "Analyzing Rater Agreement: Manifest Variable Methods".

This package provides a tool for visualizing numerical data (e.g., gene expression, protein abundance) on predefined anatomical maps of human/mouse organs and subcellular organelles. It supports customization of color schemes, filtering by organ systems (for organisms) or organelle types, and generation of optional bar charts for quantitative comparison. The package integrates coordinate data for organs and organelles to plot anatomical/subcellular contours, mapping data values to specific structures for intuitive visualization of biological data distribution.The underlying method was described in the preprint by Zhou et al. (2022) <doi:10.1101/2022.09.07.506938>.

An object is called "outlier" if it remarkably deviates from the other objects in a data set. Outlier detection is the process to find outliers by using the methods that are based on distance measures, clustering and spatial methods (Ben-Gal, 2005 <ISBN 0-387-24435-2>). It is one of the intensively studied research topics for identification of novelties, frauds, anomalies, deviations or exceptions in addition to its use for outlier removing in data processing. This package provides the implementations of some novel approaches to detect the outliers based on typicality degrees that are obtained with the soft partitioning clustering algorithms such as Fuzzy C-means and its variants.

This package provides details such as Morphine Equivalent Dose (MED), brand name and opioid content which are calculated of all oral opioids authorized for sale by Health Canada and the FDA based on their Drug Identification Number (DIN) or National Drug Code (NDC). MEDs are calculated based on recommendations by Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) and Von Korff et al (2008) and information obtained from Health Canada's Drug Product Database's monthly data dump or FDA Daily database for Canadian and US databases respectively. Please note in no way should output from this package be a substitute for medical advise. All medications should only be consumed on prescription from a licensed healthcare provider.

The Open Bodem Index (OBI) is a method to evaluate the quality of soils of agricultural fields in The Netherlands and the sustainability of the current agricultural practices. The OBI score is based on four main criteria: chemical, physical, biological and management, which consist of more than 21 indicators. By providing results of a soil analysis and management info the OBIC package can be use to calculate he scores, indicators and derivatives that are used by the OBI. More information about the Open Bodem Index can be found at <https://openbodemindex.nl/>.

Helper functions for Org files (<https://orgmode.org/>): a generic function toOrg for transforming R objects into Org markup (most useful for data frames; there are also methods for Dates/POSIXt) and a function to read Org tables into data frames.

This package provides functions to design and simulate optimal two-stage randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with ordered categorical outcomes, supporting rank-based tests and group-sequential decision rules. Methods build on classical and modern rank tests and two-stage/Group-Sequential designs, e.g., Park (2025) <doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318211>. Please see the package reference manual and vignettes for details.

Computes the pdf, cdf, quantile function, hazard function and generating random numbers for Odd log-logistic family (OLL-G). This family have been developed by different authors in the recent years. See Alizadeh (2019) <doi:10.31801/cfsuasmas.542988> for example.

Raman and (FT)IR spectral analysis tool for plastic particles and other environmental samples (Cowger et al. 2021, <doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00123>). With read_any(), Open Specy provides a single function for reading individual, batch, or map spectral data files like .asp, .csv, .jdx, .spc, .spa, .0, and .zip. process_spec() simplifies processing spectra, including smoothing, baseline correction, range restriction and flattening, intensity conversions, wavenumber alignment, and min-max normalization. Spectra can be identified in batch using an onboard reference library (Cowger et al. 2020, <doi:10.1177/0003702820929064>) using match_spec(). A Shiny app is available via run_app() or online at <https://www.openanalysis.org/openspecy/>.

Generating and validating One-time Password based on Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HOTP) and Time Based One-time Password (TOTP) according to RFC 4226 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4226> and RFC 6238 <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6238>.

Helper functions for coding object-oriented programming with a focus on R6. Includes functions for assertions and testing, looping, and re-usable design patterns including Abstract and Decorator classes.

This package provides an interface to OpenCL, allowing R to leverage computing power of GPUs and other HPC accelerator devices.

Bayesian reconstruction of disease outbreaks using epidemiological and genetic information. Jombart T, Cori A, Didelot X, Cauchemez S, Fraser C and Ferguson N. 2014. <doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003457>. Campbell, F, Cori A, Ferguson N, Jombart T. 2019. <doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006930>.

Estimates win ratio or Mann-Whitney parameter for two group comparisons using ordered composite endpoints with right censoring as described in Follmann, Fay, Hamasaki, and Evans (2020)<doi:10.1002/sim.7890>.

The classical and extended occupancy distributions occur in cases where balls are randomly allocated to bins. The PDF, CDF, quantile functions, generation of random variates, and calculating the first four central moments of the distributions are implemented as described in Oâ Neill (2019) <doi:10.1080/00031305.2019.1699445>.

This package provides tools to process raster data and apply Otsu-based thresholding for burned area mapping and other image segmentation tasks. Implements the method described by Otsu (1979) <doi:10.1109/TSMC.1979.4310076>, a data-driven technique that determines an optimal threshold by maximizing the inter-class variance of pixel intensities. It includes validation functions to assess segmentation accuracy against reference data using standard accuracy metrics such as precision, recall, and F1-score.

After develop a ODK <https://opendatakit.org/> frame, we can link the frame to Google Sheets <https://www.google.com/sheets/about/> and collect data through Android <https://www.android.com/>. This data uploaded to a Google sheets'. odk2spss() function help to convert the odk frame into SPSS <https://www.ibm.com/analytics/us/en/technology/spss/> frame. Also able to add downloaded Google sheets data or read data from Google sheets by using ODK frame submission_url'.

This package provides rectangular elements that can be dragged and resized over plots in shiny apps. This may be useful in applications where users need to mark regions on the plot for further input or processing.

In bulk epigenome/transcriptome experiments, molecular expression is measured in a tissue, which is a mixture of multiple types of cells. This package tests association of a disease/phenotype with a molecular marker for each cell type. The proportion of cell types in each sample needs to be given as input. The package is applicable to epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) and differential gene expression analysis. Takeuchi and Kato (submitted) "omicwas: cell-type-specific epigenome-wide and transcriptome association study".

Crawler for OJS pages and scraper for meta-data from articles. You can crawl OJS archives, issues, articles, galleys, and search results. You can scrape articles metadata from their head tag in html, or from Open Archives Initiative ('OAI') records. Most of these functions rely on OJS routing conventions (<https://docs.pkp.sfu.ca/dev/documentation/en/architecture-routes>).

This package provides a collection of functions to construct sets of orthogonal polynomials and their recurrence relations. Additional functions are provided to calculate the derivative, integral, value and roots of lists of polynomial objects.

Uses the outputs of a logistic regression model, from caret <https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=caret>, to build an odds plot. This allows for the rapid visualisation of odds plot ratios and works best with the outputs of CARET's GLM model class, by returning the final trained model.

OD-means is a hierarchical adaptive k-means algorithm based on origin-destination pairs. In the first layer of the hierarchy, the clusters are separated automatically based on the variation of the within-cluster distance of each cluster until convergence. The second layer of the hierarchy corresponds to the sub clustering process of small clusters based on the distance between the origin and destination of each cluster.