This package contains various functions to be used for simulation education, including simple Monte Carlo simulation functions, queueing simulation functions, variate generation functions capable of producing independent streams and antithetic variates, functions for illustrating random variate generation for various discrete and continuous distributions, and functions to compute time-persistent statistics. Also contains functions for visualizing: event-driven details of a single-server queue model; a Lehmer random number generator; variate generation via acceptance-rejection; and of generating a non-homogeneous Poisson process via thinning. Also contains two queueing data sets (one fabricated, one real-world) to facilitate input modeling. More details on the use of these functions can be found in Lawson and Leemis (2015) <doi:10.1109/WSC.2017.8248124>, in Kudlay, Lawson, and Leemis (2020) <doi:10.1109/WSC48552.2020.9384010>, and in Lawson and Leemis (2021) <doi:10.1109/WSC52266.2021.9715299>.

This package provides the hyphenation algorithm used for TeX'/'LaTeX and similar software, as proposed by Liang (1983, <https://tug.org/docs/liang/>). Mainly contains the function hyphen() to be used for hyphenation/syllable counting of text objects. It was originally developed for and part of the koRpus package, but later released as a separate package so it's lighter to have this particular functionality available for other packages. Support for various languages needs be added on-the-fly or by plugin packages (<https://undocumeantit.github.io/repos/>); this package does not include any language specific data. Due to some restrictions on CRAN, the full package sources are only available from the project homepage. To ask for help, report bugs, request features, or discuss the development of the package, please subscribe to the koRpus-dev mailing list (<http://korpusml.reaktanz.de>).

mitch is an R package for multi-contrast enrichment analysis. At it’s heart, it uses a rank-MANOVA based statistical approach to detect sets of genes that exhibit enrichment in the multidimensional space as compared to the background. The rank-MANOVA concept dates to work by Cox and Mann (https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-13-S16-S12). mitch is useful for pathway analysis of profiling studies with one, two or more contrasts, or in studies with multiple omics profiling, for example proteomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic analysis of the same samples. mitch is perfectly suited for pathway level differential analysis of scRNA-seq data. We have an established routine for pathway enrichment of Infinium Methylation Array data (see vignette). The main strengths of mitch are that it can import datasets easily from many upstream tools and has advanced plotting features to visualise these enrichments.

Analyses of Proportions can be performed on the Anscombe (arcsine-related) transformed data. The ANOPA package can analyze proportions obtained from up to four factors. The factors can be within-subject or between-subject or a mix of within- and between-subject. The main, omnibus analysis can be followed by additive decompositions into interaction effects, main effects, simple effects, contrast effects, etc., mimicking precisely the logic of ANOVA. For that reason, we call this set of tools ANOPA (Analysis of Proportion using Anscombe transform) to highlight its similarities with ANOVA. The ANOPA framework also allows plots of proportions easy to obtain along with confidence intervals. Finally, effect sizes and planning statistical power are easily done under this framework. Only particularity, the ANOPA computes F statistics which have an infinite degree of freedom on the denominator. See Laurencelle and Cousineau (2023) <doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1045436>.

Estimation of Bayesian Global Vector Autoregressions (BGVAR) with different prior setups and the possibility to introduce stochastic volatility. Built-in priors include the Minnesota, the stochastic search variable selection and Normal-Gamma (NG) prior. For a reference see also Crespo Cuaresma, J., Feldkircher, M. and F. Huber (2016) "Forecasting with Global Vector Autoregressive Models: a Bayesian Approach", Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 31(7), pp. 1371-1391 <doi:10.1002/jae.2504>. Post-processing functions allow for doing predictions, structurally identify the model with short-run or sign-restrictions and compute impulse response functions, historical decompositions and forecast error variance decompositions. Plotting functions are also available. The package has a companion paper: Boeck, M., Feldkircher, M. and F. Huber (2022) "BGVAR: Bayesian Global Vector Autoregressions with Shrinkage Priors in R", Journal of Statistical Software, Vol. 104(9), pp. 1-28 <doi:10.18637/jss.v104.i09>.

This software does Multi-Reader, Multi-Case (MRMC) analyses of data from imaging studies where clinicians (readers) evaluate patient images (cases). What does this mean? ... Many imaging studies are designed so that every reader reads every case in all modalities, a fully-crossed study. In this case, the data is cross-correlated, and we consider the readers and cases to be cross-correlated random effects. An MRMC analysis accounts for the variability and correlations from the readers and cases when estimating variances, confidence intervals, and p-values. The functions in this package can treat arbitrary study designs and studies with missing data, not just fully-crossed study designs. An overview of this software, including references presenting details on the methods, can be found here: <https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/science-and-research-medical-devices/imrmc-software-do-multi-reader-multi-case-statistical-analysis-reader-studies>.

Optimal Subset Cardinality Regression (OSCAR) models offer regularized linear regression using the L0-pseudonorm, conventionally known as the number of non-zero coefficients. The package estimates an optimal subset of features using the L0-penalization via cross-validation, bootstrapping and visual diagnostics. Effective Fortran implementations are offered along the package for finding optima for the DC-decomposition, which is used for transforming the discrete L0-regularized optimization problem into a continuous non-convex optimization task. These optimization modules include DBDC ('Double Bundle method for nonsmooth DC optimization as described in Joki et al. (2018) <doi:10.1137/16M1115733>) and LMBM ('Limited Memory Bundle Method for large-scale nonsmooth optimization as in Haarala et al. (2004) <doi:10.1080/10556780410001689225>). The OSCAR models are comprehensively exemplified in Halkola et al. (2023) <doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010333>). Multiple regression model families are supported: Cox, logistic, and Gaussian.

Forms a query to submit for US Treasury yield curve data, posting this query to the US Treasury web site's data feed service. By default the download includes data yield data for 12 products from January 1, 1990, some of which are NA during this span. The caller can pass parameters to limit the query to a certain year or year and month, but the full download is not especially large. The download data from the service is in XML format. The package's main function transforms that XML data into a numeric data frame with treasury product items (constant maturity yields for 12 kinds of bills, notes, and bonds) as columns and dates as row names. The function returns a list which includes an item for this data frame as well as query-related values for reference and the update date from the service.

Perform association tests using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and sequencing association studies. First, GMMAT fits a GLMM with covariate adjustment and random effects to account for population structure and familial or cryptic relatedness. For GWAS, GMMAT performs score tests for each genetic variant as proposed in Chen et al. (2016) <DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.02.012>. For candidate gene studies, GMMAT can also perform Wald tests to get the effect size estimate for each genetic variant. For rare variant analysis from sequencing association studies, GMMAT performs the variant Set Mixed Model Association Tests (SMMAT) as proposed in Chen et al. (2019) <DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.12.012>, including the burden test, the sequence kernel association test (SKAT), SKAT-O and an efficient hybrid test of the burden test and SKAT, based on user-defined variant sets.

This package implements the discrete nonlinear filter (DNF) of Kitagawa (1987) <doi:10.1080/01621459.1987.10478534> to a wide class of stochastic volatility (SV) models with return and volatility jumps following the work of Bégin and Boudreault (2021) <doi:10.1080/10618600.2020.1840995> to obtain likelihood evaluations and maximum likelihood parameter estimates. Offers several built-in SV models and a flexible framework for users to create customized models by specifying drift and diffusion functions along with an arrival distribution for the return and volatility jumps. Allows for the estimation of factor models with stochastic volatility (e.g., heteroskedastic volatility CAPM) by incorporating expected return predictors. Also includes functions to compute filtering and prediction distribution estimates, to simulate data from built-in and custom SV models with jumps, and to forecast future returns and volatility values using Monte Carlo simulation from a given SV model.

Univariate and multivariate temporal and spatial diversity indices, rank abundance curves, and community stability measures. The functions implement measures that are either explicitly temporal and include the option to calculate them over multiple replicates, or spatial and include the option to calculate them over multiple time points. Functions fall into five categories: static diversity indices, temporal diversity indices, spatial diversity indices, rank abundance curves, and community stability measures. The diversity indices are temporal and spatial analogs to traditional diversity indices. Specifically, the package includes functions to calculate community richness, evenness and diversity at a given point in space and time. In addition, it contains functions to calculate species turnover, mean rank shifts, and lags in community similarity between two time points. Details of the methods are available in Hallett et al. (2016) <doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12569> and Avolio et al. (2019) <doi:10.1002/ecs2.2881>.

Fast categorization of items based on external code data identified by regular expressions. A typical use case considers patient with medically coded data, such as codes from the International Classification of Diseases ('ICD') or the Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical ('ATC') classification system. Functions of the package relies on a triad of objects: (1) case data with unit id:s and possible dates of interest; (2) external code data for corresponding units in (1) and with optional dates of interest and; (3) a classification scheme ('classcodes object) with regular expressions to identify and categorize relevant codes from (2). It is easy to introduce new classification schemes ('classcodes objects) or to use default schemes included in the package. Use cases includes patient categorization based on comorbidity indices such as Charlson', Elixhauser', RxRisk V', or the comorbidity-polypharmacy score (CPS), as well as adverse events after hip and knee replacement surgery.

Analyses of frequencies can be performed using an alternative test based on the G statistic. The test has similar type-I error rates and power as the chi-square test. However, it is based on a total statistic that can be decomposed in an additive fashion into interaction effects, main effects, simple effects, contrast effects, etc., mimicking precisely the logic of ANOVA. We call this set of tools ANOFA (Analysis of Frequency data) to highlight its similarities with ANOVA. This framework also renders plots of frequencies along with confidence intervals. Finally, effect sizes and planning statistical power are easily done under this framework. The ANOFA is a tool that assesses the significance of effects instead of the significance of parameters; as such, it is more intuitive to most researchers than alternative approaches based on generalized linear models. See Laurencelle and Cousineau (2023) <doi:10.20982/tqmp.19.2.p173>.

This package provides a software package for using DEXi models. DEXi models are hierarchical qualitative multi-criteria decision models developed according to the method DEX (Decision EXpert, <https://dex.ijs.si/documentation/DEX_Method/DEX_Method.html>), using the program DEXi (<https://kt.ijs.si/MarkoBohanec/dexi.html>) or DEXiWin (<https://dex.ijs.si/dexisuite/dexiwin.html>). A typical workflow with DEXiR consists of: (1) reading a .dxi file, previously made using the DEXi software (function read_dexi()), (2) making a data frame containing input values of one or more decision alternatives, (3) evaluating those alternatives (function evaluate()), (4) analyzing alternatives (selective_explanation(), plus_minus(), compare_alternatives()), (5) drawing charts. DEXiR is restricted to using models produced externally by the DEXi software and does not provide functionality for creating and/or editing DEXi models directly in R'.

Gene-Ranking Analysis of Pathway Expression (GRAPE) is a tool for summarizing the consensus behavior of biological pathways in the form of a template, and for quantifying the extent to which individual samples deviate from the template. GRAPE templates are based only on the relative rankings of the genes within the pathway and can be used for classification of tissue types or disease subtypes. GRAPE can be used to represent gene-expression samples as vectors of pathway scores, where each pathway score indicates the departure from a given collection of reference samples. The resulting pathway- space representation can be used as the feature set for various applications, including survival analysis and drug-response prediction. Users of GRAPE should use the following citation: Klein MI, Stern DF, and Zhao H. GRAPE: A pathway template method to characterize tissue-specific functionality from gene expression profiles. BMC Bioinformatics, 18:317 (June 2017).

An interactive Shiny dashboard for visualizing and exploring key metrics related to HIV/AIDS, including prevalence, incidence, mortality, and treatment coverage. The dashboard is designed to work with a dataset containing specific columns with standardized names. These columns must be present in the input data for the app to function properly: year: Numeric year of the data (e.g. 2010, 2021); sex: Gender classification (e.g. Male, Female); age_group: Age bracket (e.g. 15â 24, 25â 34); hiv_prevalence: Estimated HIV prevalence percentage; hiv_incidence: Number of new HIV cases per year; aids_deaths: Total AIDS-related deaths; plhiv: Estimated number of people living with HIV; art_coverage: Percentage receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART); testing_coverage: HIV testing services coverage; causes: Description of likely HIV transmission cause (e.g. unprotected sex, drug use). The dataset structure must strictly follow this column naming convention for the dashboard to render correctly.

Graphical model is an informative and powerful tool to explore the conditional dependence relationships among variables. The traditional Gaussian graphical model and its extensions either have a Gaussian assumption on the data distribution or assume the data are homogeneous. However, there are data with complex distributions violating these two assumptions. For example, the air pollutant concentration records are non-negative and, hence, non-Gaussian. Moreover, due to climate changes, distributions of these concentration records in different months of a year can be far different, which means it is uncertain whether datasets from different months are homogeneous. Methods with a Gaussian or homogeneous assumption may incorrectly model the conditional dependence relationships among variables. Therefore, we propose a heterogeneous graphical model for non-negative data (HGMND) to simultaneously cluster multiple datasets and estimate the conditional dependence matrix of variables from a non-Gaussian and non-negative exponential family in each cluster.

Gaze data from the Visual World Paradigm requires significant preprocessing prior to plotting and analyzing the data. This package provides functions for preparing visual world eye-tracking data for statistical analysis and plotting. It can prepare data for linear analyses (e.g., ANOVA, Gaussian-family LMER, Gaussian-family GAMM) as well as logistic analyses (e.g., binomial-family LMER and binomial-family GAMM). Additionally, it contains various plotting functions for creating grand average and conditional average plots. See the vignette for samples of the functionality. Currently, the functions in this package are designed for handling data collected with SR Research Eyelink eye trackers using Sample Reports created in SR Research Data Viewer. While we would like to add functionality for data collected with other systems in the future, the current package is considered to be feature-complete; further updates will mainly entail maintenance and the addition of minor functionality.

Assume that a temporal process is composed of contiguous segments with differing slopes and replicated noise-corrupted time series measurements are observed. The unknown mean of the data generating process is modelled as a piecewise linear function of time with an unknown number of change-points. The package infers the joint posterior distribution of the number and position of change-points as well as the unknown mean parameters per time-series by MCMC sampling. A-priori, the proposed model uses an overfitting number of mean parameters but, conditionally on a set of change-points, only a subset of them influences the likelihood. An exponentially decreasing prior distribution on the number of change-points gives rise to a posterior distribution concentrating on sparse representations of the underlying sequence, but also available is the Poisson distribution. See Papastamoulis et al (2017) <arXiv:1709.06111> for a detailed presentation of the method.

This package provides analysis tools for big data where the sample size is very large. It offers a suite of functions for fitting and predicting joint models, which allow for the simultaneous analysis of longitudinal and time-to-event data. This statistical methodology is particularly useful in medical research where there is often interest in understanding the relationship between a longitudinal biomarker and a clinical outcome, such as survival or disease progression. This can be particularly useful in a clinical setting where it is important to be able to predict how a patient's health status may change over time. Overall, this package provides a comprehensive set of tools for joint modeling of BIG data obtained as survival and longitudinal outcomes with both Bayesian and non-Bayesian approaches. Its versatility and flexibility make it a valuable resource for researchers in many different fields, particularly in the medical and health sciences.

This package implements a spatial Bayesian non-parametric factor analysis model with inference in a Bayesian setting using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Spatial correlation is introduced in the columns of the factor loadings matrix using a Bayesian non-parametric prior, the probit stick-breaking process. Areal spatial data is modeled using a conditional autoregressive (CAR) prior and point-referenced spatial data is treated using a Gaussian process. The response variable can be modeled as Gaussian, probit, Tobit, or Binomial (using Polya-Gamma augmentation). Temporal correlation is introduced for the latent factors through a hierarchical structure and can be specified as exponential or first-order autoregressive. Full details of the package can be found in the accompanying vignette. Furthermore, the details of the package can be found in "Bayesian Non-Parametric Factor Analysis for Longitudinal Spatial Surfaces", by Berchuck et al (2019), <doi:10.1214/20-BA1253> in Bayesian Analysis.

Composite Kernel Machine Regression based on Likelihood Ratio Test (CKLRT): in this package, we develop a kernel machine regression framework to model the overall genetic effect of a SNP-set, considering the possible GE interaction. Specifically, we use a composite kernel to specify the overall genetic effect via a nonparametric function and we model additional covariates parametrically within the regression framework. The composite kernel is constructed as a weighted average of two kernels, one corresponding to the genetic main effect and one corresponding to the GE interaction effect. We propose a likelihood ratio test (LRT) and a restricted likelihood ratio test (RLRT) for statistical significance. We derive a Monte Carlo approach for the finite sample distributions of LRT and RLRT statistics. (N. Zhao, H. Zhang, J. Clark, A. Maity, M. Wu. Composite Kernel Machine Regression based on Likelihood Ratio Test with Application for Combined Genetic and Gene-environment Interaction Effect (Submitted).).

In a clinical trial with repeated measures designs, outcomes are often taken from subjects at fixed time-points. The focus of the trial may be to compare the mean outcome in two or more groups at some pre-specified time after enrollment. In the presence of missing data auxiliary assumptions are necessary to perform such comparisons. One commonly employed assumption is the missing at random assumption (MAR). The samon package allows the user to perform a (parameterized) sensitivity analysis of this assumption. In particular it can be used to examine the sensitivity of tests in the difference in outcomes to violations of the MAR assumption. The sensitivity analysis can be performed under two scenarios, a) where the data exhibit a monotone missing data pattern (see the samon() function), and, b) where in addition to a monotone missing data pattern the data exhibit intermittent missing values (see the samonIM() function).

This package implements data-driven identification methods for structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) models as described in Lange et al. (2021) <doi:10.18637/jss.v097.i05>. Based on an existing VAR model object (provided by e.g. VAR() from the vars package), the structural impact matrix is obtained via data-driven identification techniques (i.e. changes in volatility (Rigobon, R. (2003) <doi:10.1162/003465303772815727>), patterns of GARCH (Normadin, M., Phaneuf, L. (2004) <doi:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2003.11.002>), independent component analysis (Matteson, D. S, Tsay, R. S., (2013) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2016.1150851>), least dependent innovations (Herwartz, H., Ploedt, M., (2016) <doi:10.1016/j.jimonfin.2015.11.001>), smooth transition in variances (Luetkepohl, H., Netsunajev, A. (2017) <doi:10.1016/j.jedc.2017.09.001>) or non-Gaussian maximum likelihood (Lanne, M., Meitz, M., Saikkonen, P. (2017) <doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2016.06.002>)).