This package performs iterative extrapolation of species haplotype accumulation curves using a nonparametric stochastic (Monte Carlo) optimization method for assessment of specimen sampling completeness based on the approach of Phillips et al. (2015) <doi:10.1515/dna-2015-0008>, Phillips et al. (2019) <doi:10.1002/ece3.4757> and Phillips et al. (2020) <doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.243>. HACSim outputs a number of useful summary statistics of sampling coverage ("Measures of Sampling Closeness"), including an estimate of the likely required sample size (along with desired level confidence intervals) necessary to recover a given number/proportion of observed unique species haplotypes. Any genomic marker can be targeted to assess likely required specimen sample sizes for genetic diversity assessment. The method is particularly well-suited to assess sampling sufficiency for DNA barcoding initiatives. Users can also simulate their own DNA sequences according to various models of nucleotide substitution. A Shiny app is also available.

Incorporates Approximate Bayesian Computation to get a posterior distribution and to select a model optimal parameter for an observation point. Additionally, the meta-sampling heuristic algorithm is realized for parameter estimation, which requires no model runs and is dimension-independent. A sampling scheme is also presented that allows model runs and uses the meta-sampling for point generation. A predictor is realized as the meta-sampling for the model output. All the algorithms leverage a machine learning method utilizing the maxima weighted Isolation Kernel approach, or MaxWiK'. The method involves transforming raw data to a Hilbert space (mapping) and measuring the similarity between simulated points and the maxima weighted Isolation Kernel mapping corresponding to the observation point. Comprehensive details of the methodology can be found in the papers Iurii Nagornov (2024) <doi:10.1007/978-3-031-66431-1_16> and Iurii Nagornov (2023) <doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29168-5_18>.

Pathway Analysis is statistically linking observations on the molecular level to biological processes or pathways on the systems(i.e., organism, organ, tissue, cell) level. Traditionally, pathway analysis methods regard pathways as collections of single genes and treat all genes in a pathway as equally informative. However, this can lead to identifying spurious pathways as statistically significant since components are often shared amongst pathways. SIGORA seeks to avoid this pitfall by focusing on genes or gene pairs that are (as a combination) specific to a single pathway. In relying on such pathway gene-pair signatures (Pathway-GPS), SIGORA inherently uses the status of other genes in the experimental context to identify the most relevant pathways. The current version allows for pathway analysis of human and mouse datasets. In addition, it contains pre-computed Pathway-GPS data for pathways in the KEGG and Reactome pathway repositories and mechanisms for extracting GPS for user-supplied repositories.

Reus is a god game by Abbey Games in which you take control of nature through the hands of mighty giants. You possess all imaginable powers over nature! There is only one thing on the planet that you do not control: mankind, with all their virtues and and all their vices. You can shape their world, but not their will. It’s your responsibility to maintain a balance in which man is not overpowered by nature, and nature does not fall to man’s greed.

• Unique god game gameplay with several ancient giants at your command.

• An interesting 2D art style from a perspective rarely found in god games.

• Dynamic and immersive audio effects.

• A powerful soundtrack that fits the theme.

• Intricate gameplay, where humanity depends on your power while challenging it at the same time.

• "Let your giants decide the fate of humanity."

We presented the Genotype-imputed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GIGSEA), a novel method that uses GWAS-and-eQTL-imputed trait-associated differential gene expression to interrogate gene set enrichment for the trait-associated SNPs. By incorporating eQTL from large gene expression studies, e.g. GTEx, GIGSEA appropriately addresses such challenges for SNP enrichment as gene size, gene boundary, SNP distal regulation, and multiple-marker regulation. The weighted linear regression model, taking as weights both imputation accuracy and model completeness, was used to perform the enrichment test, properly adjusting the bias due to redundancy in different gene sets. The permutation test, furthermore, is used to evaluate the significance of enrichment, whose efficiency can be largely elevated by expressing the computational intensive part in terms of large matrix operation. We have shown the appropriate type I error rates for GIGSEA (<5%), and the preliminary results also demonstrate its good performance to uncover the real signal.

The GenSVM classifier is a generalized multiclass support vector machine (SVM). This classifier aims to find decision boundaries that separate the classes with as wide a margin as possible. In GenSVM, the loss function is very flexible in the way that misclassifications are penalized. This allows the user to tune the classifier to the dataset at hand and potentially obtain higher classification accuracy than alternative multiclass SVMs. Moreover, this flexibility means that GenSVM has a number of other multiclass SVMs as special cases. One of the other advantages of GenSVM is that it is trained in the primal space, allowing the use of warm starts during optimization. This means that for common tasks such as cross validation or repeated model fitting, GenSVM can be trained very quickly. Based on: G.J.J. van den Burg and P.J.F. Groenen (2018) <https://www.jmlr.org/papers/v17/14-526.html>.

This package provides a high performance interface to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, GBIF'. In contrast to rgbif', which can access small subsets of GBIF data through web-based queries to a central server, gbifdb provides enhanced performance for R users performing large-scale analyses on servers and cloud computing providers, providing full support for arbitrary SQL or dplyr operations on the complete GBIF data tables (now over 1 billion records, and over a terabyte in size). gbifdb accesses a copy of the GBIF data in parquet format, which is already readily available in commercial computing clouds such as the Amazon Open Data portal and the Microsoft Planetary Computer, or can be accessed directly without downloading, or downloaded to any server with suitable bandwidth and storage space. The high-performance techniques for local and remote access are described in <https://duckdb.org/why_duckdb> and <https://arrow.apache.org/docs/r/articles/fs.html> respectively.

Offers a general framework of multivariate mixed-effects models for the joint analysis of multiple correlated outcomes with clustered data structures and potential missingness proposed by Wang et al. (2018) <doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxy022>. The missingness of outcome values may depend on the values themselves (missing not at random and non-ignorable), or may depend on only the covariates (missing at random and ignorable), or both. This package provides functions for two models: 1) mvMISE_b() allows correlated outcome-specific random intercepts with a factor-analytic structure, and 2) mvMISE_e() allows the correlated outcome-specific error terms with a graphical lasso penalty on the error precision matrix. Both functions are motivated by the multivariate data analysis on data with clustered structures from labelling-based quantitative proteomic studies. These models and functions can also be applied to univariate and multivariate analyses of clustered data with balanced or unbalanced design and no missingness.

Computes the Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM), its Portsmouth modification (P-POSSUM), and the colorectal (CR-POSSUM), vascular (V-POSSUM) and ruptured aortic aneurysm (RAAA-POSSUM) variants, risk-adjustment systems used in surgical audit. Functions map physiological and operative variables to their component scores and return the predicted probabilities of morbidity and mortality from the published logistic equations. The coefficients follow Copeland and others (1991) <doi:10.1002/bjs.1800780327> for POSSUM, Prytherch and others (1998) <doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.1998.00840.x> for P-POSSUM, Tekkis and others (2004) <doi:10.1002/bjs.4430> for the colorectal variant (CR-POSSUM), and Neary and others (2003) <doi:10.1002/bjs.4041> for the vascular variant (V-POSSUM). The package is intended for audit and research; it is not a validated medical device and must not be used as the sole basis for clinical decisions.

This package provides a method to purify a cell type or cell population of interest from heterogeneous datasets. scGate package automatizes marker-based purification of specific cell populations, without requiring training data or reference gene expression profiles. scGate takes as input a gene expression matrix stored in a Seurat object and a GM, consisting of a set of marker genes that define the cell population of interest. It evaluates the strength of signature marker expression in each cell using the rank-based method UCell, and then performs kNN smoothing by calculating the mean UCell score across neighboring cells. kNN-smoothing aims at compensating for the large degree of sparsity in scRNAseq data. Finally, a universal threshold over kNN-smoothed signature scores is applied in binary decision trees generated from the user-provided gating model, to annotate cells as either “pure” or “impure”, with respect to the cell population of interest.

This package implements scalable joint models for large-scale competing risks time-to-event data with one or multiple longitudinal biomarkers using the efficient algorithms developed by Li et al. (2022) <doi:10.1155/2022/1362913> and <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.12741>. The time-to-event process is modeled using a cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model with time-fixed covariates, while longitudinal biomarkers are modeled using linear mixed-effects models. The association between the longitudinal and survival processes is captured through shared random effects. The package enables analysis of large-scale biomedical data to model biomarker trajectories, estimate their effects on event risks, and perform dynamic prediction of future events based on patients longitudinal histories. Functions for simulating survival and longitudinal data for multiple biomarkers are included, along with built-in example datasets. The package also supports modeling a single biomarker with heterogeneous within-subject variability via functionality adapted from the JMH package.

This package performs multivariate meta-analysis for high-dimensional data to integrate and collectively analyse individual-level data from multiple studies, as well as to combine summary estimates. This approach accounts for correlation between outcomes, incorporates within- and between-study variability, handles missing values, and uses shrinkage estimation to accommodate high dimensionality. The MetaHD R package provides access to our multivariate meta-analysis approach, along with a comprehensive suite of existing meta-analysis methods, including fixed-effects and random-effects models, Fisher's method, Stouffer's method, the weighted Z method, Lancaster's method, the weighted Fisher's method, and vote-counting approach. Visualisation tools are provided for interpreting and comparing results across methods, including Venn diagrams, UpSet plots, and ROC curves, heatmaps of pooled effect sizes and correlations among outcomes. A detailed vignette with example datasets and code for data preparation and analysis is available at <https://alyshadelivera.github.io/MetaHD_vignette/>.

This package provides a general framework to perform statistical inference of each gene pair and global inference of whole-scale gene pairs in gene networks using the well known Gaussian graphical model (GGM) in a time-efficient manner. We focus on the high-dimensional settings where p (the number of genes) is allowed to be far larger than n (the number of subjects). Four main approaches are supported in this package: (1) the bivariate nodewise scaled Lasso (Ren et al (2015) <doi:10.1214/14-AOS1286>) (2) the de-sparsified nodewise scaled Lasso (Jankova and van de Geer (2017) <doi:10.1007/s11749-016-0503-5>) (3) the de-sparsified graphical Lasso (Jankova and van de Geer (2015) <doi:10.1214/15-EJS1031>) (4) the GGM estimation with false discovery rate control (FDR) using scaled Lasso or Lasso (Liu (2013) <doi:10.1214/13-AOS1169>). Windows users should install Rtools before the installation of this package.

RNA sequencing analysis methods are often derived by relying on hypothetical parametric models for read counts that are not likely to be precisely satisfied in practice. Methods are often tested by analyzing data that have been simulated according to the assumed model. This testing strategy can result in an overly optimistic view of the performance of an RNA-seq analysis method. We develop a data-based simulation algorithm for RNA-seq data. The vector of read counts simulated for a given experimental unit has a joint distribution that closely matches the distribution of a source RNA-seq dataset provided by the user. Users control the proportion of genes simulated to be differentially expressed (DE) and can provide a vector of weights to control the distribution of effect sizes. The algorithm requires a matrix of RNA-seq read counts with large sample sizes in at least two treatment groups. Many datasets are available that fit this standard.

Estimate the correlation between two irregular time series that are not necessarily sampled on identical time points. This program is also applicable to the situation of two evenly spaced time series that are not on the same time grid. BINCOR is based on a novel estimation approach proposed by Mudelsee (2010, 2014) to estimate the correlation between two climate time series with different timescales. The idea is that autocorrelation (AR1 process) allows to correlate values obtained on different time points. BINCOR contains four functions: bin_cor() (the main function to build the binned time series), plot_ts() (to plot and compare the irregular and binned time series, cor_ts() (to estimate the correlation between the binned time series) and ccf_ts() (to estimate the cross-correlation between the binned time series). A description of the method and package is provided in Polanco-Martà nez et al. (2019), <doi:10.32614/RJ-2019-035>.

Declares, retrieves, verifies, tracks and actively manages external data dependencies too large or too fast-moving to ship inside a package. Resources are identified by package, name and version, pinned to a Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-256) checksum, and resolved through an explicit policy so that the same installed package always resolves the same bytes. A registry served from a remote host may be signed with Ed25519 and verified against a key the declaring package ships, so the declaration and the key that vouches for it arrive by different routes. Hashing follows National Institute of Standards and Technology (2015) "Secure Hash Standard" <doi:10.6028/NIST.FIPS.180-4>; signing follows Bernstein, Duif, Lange, Schwabe and Yang (2012) "High-Speed High-Security Signatures" <doi:10.1007/s13389-012-0027-1> and Josefsson and Liusvaara (2017) "Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)" <doi:10.17487/RFC8032>. Designed for reproducible offline use and graceful behaviour during package checks.

This package provides a robust set of tools for researchers and modelers to construct and define virtual ecological niches using ellipsoid geometries. It enables the identification and extraction of suitable environmental areas, simulation of species occurrence points with various sampling strategies, and visualization of niche boundaries and simulated occurrences in both environmental and geographic space. Inspired by methodologies in NicheA and the virtualspecies R package, nicheR aims to streamline the process of niche conceptualization and data generation for ecological studies. Methodological and theoretical foundations are described in Peterson et al. (2011, ISBN:9780691136882), Etherington et al. (2009) <doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.02041.x>, Qiao et al. (2015) <doi:10.1111/ecog.01961>, Nunez-Penichet et al. (2021) <doi:10.21425/F5FBG52142>, Cobos and Peterson (2022) <doi:10.17161/bi.v17i.15985>, Alkishe et al. (2022) <doi:10.5194/we-22-33-2022>, and Leroy et al. (2015) <doi:10.1111/ecog.01388>.

Generative simulation of experimental and behavioural data sets from a portable JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) design specification shared with the Python package of the same name. Supports user-specified fixed effect sizes, crossed by-subject and by-item random intercepts and slopes, predictors measured with error, realistic response families (Gaussian, lognormal, shifted lognormal, ex-Gaussian, Bernoulli, Poisson, ordinal and Beta), and simulation-based power and precision-based design analysis, including the Type S and Type M errors of Gelman and Carlin (2014) <doi:10.1177/1745691614551642> and a region of practical equivalence. A shared cross-language random-number generator means that, given the same specification and seed, the R and Python implementations produce identical data: exactly for the Gaussian family and for any family with rounding set, and to within the last unit in the last place for families applying a transcendental function to the linear predictor, whose rounding the IEEE-754 standard does not fix.

This package performs Bayesian variable selection under normal linear models for the data with the model parameters following as prior distributions either the power-expected-posterior (PEP) or the intrinsic (a special case of the former) (Fouskakis and Ntzoufras (2022) <doi: 10.1214/21-BA1288>, Fouskakis and Ntzoufras (2020) <doi: 10.3390/econometrics8020017>). The prior distribution on model space is the uniform over all models or the uniform on model dimension (a special case of the beta-binomial prior). The selection is performed by either implementing a full enumeration and evaluation of all possible models or using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo Model Composition (MC3) algorithm (Madigan and York (1995) <doi: 10.2307/1403615>). Complementary functions for hypothesis testing, estimation and predictions under Bayesian model averaging, as well as, plotting and printing the results are also provided. The results can be compared to the ones obtained under other well-known priors on model parameters and model spaces.

This package provides a general purpose simulation-based power analysis API for routine and customized simulation experimental designs. The package focuses exclusively on Monte Carlo simulation experiment variants of (expected) prospective power analyses, criterion analyses, compromise analyses, sensitivity analyses, and a priori/post-hoc analyses. The default simulation experiment functions defined within the package provide stochastic variants of the power analysis subroutines in G*Power 3.1 (Faul, Erdfelder, Buchner, and Lang, 2009) <doi:10.3758/brm.41.4.1149>, along with various other parametric and non-parametric power analysis applications (e.g., mediation analyses) and support for Bayesian power analysis by way of Bayes factors or posterior probability evaluations. Additional functions for building empirical power curves, reanalyzing simulation information, and for increasing the precision of the resulting power estimates are also included, each of which utilize similar API structures. For further details see the associated publication in Chalmers (2025) <doi:10.3758/s13428-025-02787-z>.

This package provides a two-step double-robust method to estimate the conditional average treatment effects (CATE) with potentially high-dimensional covariate(s). In the first stage, the nuisance functions necessary for identifying CATE are estimated by machine learning methods, allowing the number of covariates to be comparable to or larger than the sample size. The second stage consists of a low-dimensional local linear regression, reducing CATE to a function of the covariate(s) of interest. The CATE estimator implemented in this package not only allows for high-dimensional data, but also has the â double robustnessâ property: either the model for the propensity score or the models for the conditional means of the potential outcomes are allowed to be misspecified (but not both). This package is based on the paper by Fan et al., "Estimation of Conditional Average Treatment Effects With High-Dimensional Data" (2022), Journal of Business & Economic Statistics <doi:10.1080/07350015.2020.1811102>.

Using Electronic Health Record (EHR) is difficult because most of the time the true characteristic of the patient is not available. Instead we can retrieve the International Classification of Disease code related to the disease of interest or we can count the occurrence of the Unified Medical Language System. None of them is the true phenotype which needs chart review to identify. However chart review is time consuming and costly. PheVis is an algorithm which is phenotyping (i.e identify a characteristic) at the visit level in an unsupervised fashion. It can be used for chronic or acute diseases. An example of how to use PheVis is available in the vignette. Basically there are two functions that are to be used: `train_phevis()` which trains the algorithm and `test_phevis()` which get the predicted probabilities. The detailed method is described in preprint by Ferté et al. (2020) <doi:10.1101/2020.06.15.20131458>.

The implemented methods are: Standard Bass model, Generalized Bass model (with rectangular shock, exponential shock, and mixed shock. You can choose to add from 1 to 3 shocks), Guseo-Guidolin model and Variable Potential Market model, and UCRCD model. The Bass model consists of a simple differential equation that describes the process of how new products get adopted in a population, the Generalized Bass model is a generalization of the Bass model in which there is a "carrier" function x(t) that allows to change the speed of time sliding. In some real processes the reachable potential of the resource available in a temporal instant may appear to be not constant over time, because of this we use Variable Potential Market model, in which the Guseo-Guidolin has a particular specification for the market function. The UCRCD model (Unbalanced Competition and Regime Change Diachronic) is a diffusion model used to capture the dynamics of the competitive or collaborative transition.

This package provides a complete rewrite and reimagining of bakR (see Vock et al. (2025) <doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013179>). Designed to support a wide array of analyses of nucleotide recoding RNA-seq (NR-seq) datasets of any type, including TimeLapse-seq/SLAM-seq/TUC-seq, Start-TimeLapse-seq (STL-seq), TT-TimeLapse-seq (TT-TL-seq), and subcellular NR-seq. EZbakR extends standard NR-seq standard NR-seq mutational modeling to support multi-label analyses (e.g., 4sU and 6sG dual labeling), and implements an improved hierarchical model to better account for transcript-to-transcript variance in metabolic label incorporation. EZbakR also generalized dynamical systems modeling of NR-seq data to support analyses of premature mRNA processing and flow between subcellular compartments. Finally, EZbakR implements flexible and well-powered comparative analyses of all estimated parameters via design matrix-specified generalized linear modeling.