This package provides the tools to produce catseye plots, principally by catseyesplot() function which calls R's standard plot() function internally, or alternatively by the catseyes() function to overlay the catseye plot onto an existing R plot window. Catseye plots illustrate the normal distribution of the mean (picture a normal bell curve reflected over its base and rotated 90 degrees), with a shaded confidence interval; they are an intuitive way of illustrating and comparing normally distributed estimates, and are arguably a superior alternative to standard confidence intervals, since they show the full distribution rather than fixed quantile bounds. The catseyesplot and catseyes functions require pre-calculated means and standard errors (or standard deviations), provided as numeric vectors; this allows the flexibility of obtaining this information from a variety of sources, such as direct calculation or prediction from a model. Catseye plots, as illustrations of the normal distribution of the means, are described in Cumming (2013 & 2014). Cumming, G. (2013). The new statistics: Why and how. Psychological Science, 27, 7-29. <doi:10.1177/0956797613504966> pmid:24220629.

This package provides tools to calculate the theoretical hydrodynamic response of an aquifer undergoing harmonic straining or pressurization, or analyze measured responses. There are two classes of models here, designed for use with confined aquifers: (1) for sealed wells, based on the model of Kitagawa et al (2011, <doi:10.1029/2010JB007794>), and (2) for open wells, based on the models of Cooper et al (1965, <doi:10.1029/JZ070i016p03915>), Hsieh et al (1987, <doi:10.1029/WR023i010p01824>), Rojstaczer (1988, <doi:10.1029/JB093iB11p13619>), Liu et al (1989, <doi:10.1029/JB094iB07p09453>), and Wang et al (2018, <doi:10.1029/2018WR022793>). Wang's solution is a special exception which allows for leakage out of the aquifer (semi-confined); it is equivalent to Hsieh's model when there is no leakage (the confined case). These models treat strain (or aquifer head) as an input to the physical system, and fluid-pressure (or water height) as the output. The applicable frequency band of these models is characteristic of seismic waves, atmospheric pressure fluctuations, and solid earth tides.

Randomized clinical trials commonly follow participants for a time-to-event efficacy endpoint for a fixed period of time. Consequently, at the time when the last enrolled participant completes their follow-up, the number of observed endpoints is a random variable. Assuming data collected through an interim timepoint, simulation-based estimation and inferential procedures in the standard right-censored failure time analysis framework are conducted for the distribution of the number of endpoints--in total as well as by treatment arm--at the end of the follow-up period. The future (i.e., yet unobserved) enrollment, endpoint, and dropout times are generated according to mechanisms specified in the simTrial() function in the seqDesign package. A Bayesian model for the endpoint rate, offering the option to specify a robust mixture prior distribution, is used for generating future data (see the vignette for details). Inference can be restricted to participants who received treatment according to the protocol and are observed to be at risk for the endpoint at a specified timepoint. Plotting functions are provided for graphical display of results.

An R-safe profile of RFC 8259 JSON: parsing and generation backed by the Jansson C library, linked as a system library where one is available and compiled from the bundled sources otherwise. The parser rejects, with classed conditions carrying line, column, and byte position: malformed or truncated input, trailing content, duplicate object keys at any depth, invalid UTF-8, escapes encoding a null character, reals overflowing double, and integer literals whose magnitude exceeds 2^53, the range within which a double represents every integer exactly. Number literals with a fraction or exponent convert by ordinary correctly rounded IEEE 754 double conversion. Objects decode to named lists in key order, arrays to unnamed lists, and scalars to length-one vectors. The encoder maps named lists to objects in insertion order, unnamed lists to arrays, guarantees that every finite double, signed zero included, round-trips to the exact same value (whole-number doubles are written as integers), and refuses values with no faithful JSON representation (NA, NaN, infinities, named atomic vectors, classed objects) instead of guessing. No R package dependencies.

This package performs combination tests and sample size calculation for fixed design with survival endpoints using combination tests under either proportional hazards or non-proportional hazards. The combination tests include maximum weighted log-rank test and projection test. The sample size calculation procedure is very flexible, allowing for user-defined hazard ratio function and considering various trial conditions like staggered entry, drop-out etc. The sample size calculation also applies to various cure models such as proportional hazards cure model, cure model with (random) delayed treatments effects. Trial simulation function is also provided to facilitate the empirical power calculation. The references for projection test and maximum weighted logrank test include Brendel et al. (2014) <doi:10.1111/sjos.12059> and Cheng and He (2021) <arXiv:2110.03833>. The references for sample size calculation under proportional hazard include Schoenfeld (1981) <doi:10.1093/biomet/68.1.316> and Freedman (1982) <doi:10.1002/sim.4780010204>. The references for calculation under non-proportional hazards include Lakatos (1988) <doi:10.2307/2531910> and Cheng and He (2023) <doi:10.1002/bimj.202100403>.

The aim of postpack is to provide the infrastructure for a standardized workflow for mcmc.list objects. These objects can be used to store output from models fitted with Bayesian inference using JAGS', WinBUGS', OpenBUGS', NIMBLE', Stan', or even custom MCMC algorithms. Although the coda R package provides some methods for these objects, it is somewhat limited in easily performing post-processing tasks for specific nodes. Models are ever increasing in their complexity and the number of tracked nodes, and oftentimes a user may wish to summarize/diagnose sampling behavior for only a small subset of nodes at a time for a particular question or figure. Thus, many postpack functions support performing tasks on a subset of nodes, where the subset is specified with regular expressions. The functions in postpack streamline the extraction, summarization, and diagnostics of specific monitored nodes after model fitting. Further, because there is rarely only ever one model under consideration, postpack scales efficiently to perform the same tasks on output from multiple models simultaneously, facilitating rapid assessment of model sensitivity to changes in assumptions.

Analysis of relative cell type proportions in bulk gene expression data. Provides a well-validated set of brain cell type-specific marker genes derived from multiple types of experiments, as described in McKenzie (2018) <doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27293-5>. For brain tissue data sets, there are marker genes available for astrocytes, endothelial cells, microglia, neurons, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, derived from each of human, mice, and combination human/mouse data sets. However, if you have access to your own marker genes, the functions can be applied to bulk gene expression data from any tissue. Also implements multiple options for relative cell type proportion estimation using these marker genes, adapting and expanding on approaches from the CellCODE R package described in Chikina (2015) <doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btv015>. The number of cell type marker genes used in a given analysis can be increased or decreased based on your preferences and the data set. Finally, provides functions to use the estimates to adjust for variability in the relative proportion of cell types across samples prior to downstream analyses.

Assess the calibration of an existing (i.e. previously developed) multistate model through calibration plots. Calibration is assessed using one of three methods. 1) Calibration methods for binary logistic regression models applied at a fixed time point in conjunction with inverse probability of censoring weights. 2) Calibration methods for multinomial logistic regression models applied at a fixed time point in conjunction with inverse probability of censoring weights. 3) Pseudo-values estimated using the Aalen-Johansen estimator of observed risk. All methods are applied in conjunction with landmarking when required. These calibration plots evaluate the calibration (in a validation cohort of interest) of the transition probabilities estimated from an existing multistate model. While package development has focused on multistate models, calibration plots can be produced for any model which utilises information post baseline to update predictions (e.g. dynamic models); competing risks models; or standard single outcome survival models, where predictions can be made at any landmark time. Please see Pate et al. (2024) <doi:10.1002/sim.10094> and Pate et al. (2024) <https://alexpate30.github.io/calibmsm/articles/Overview.html>.

This package implements estimation and testing procedures for evaluating an intermediate biomarker response as a principal surrogate of a clinical response to treatment (i.e., principal stratification effect modification analysis), as described in Juraska M, Huang Y, and Gilbert PB (2020), Inference on treatment effect modification by biomarker response in a three-phase sampling design, Biostatistics, 21(3): 545-560 <doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxy074>. The methods avoid the restrictive placebo structural risk modeling assumption common to past methods and further improve robustness by the use of nonparametric kernel smoothing for biomarker density estimation. A randomized controlled two-group clinical efficacy trial is assumed with an ordered categorical or continuous univariate biomarker response measured at a fixed timepoint post-randomization and with a univariate baseline surrogate measure allowed to be observed in only a subset of trial participants with an observed biomarker response (see the flexible three-phase sampling design in the paper for details). Bootstrap-based procedures are available for pointwise and simultaneous confidence intervals and testing of four relevant hypotheses. Summary and plotting functions are provided for estimation results.

This package provides functions that fit two modern education-based value-added models. One of these models is the quantile value-added model. This model permits estimating a school's value-added based on specific quantiles of the post-test distribution. Estimating value-added based on quantiles of the post-test distribution provides a more complete picture of an education institution's contribution to learning for students of all abilities. See Page, G.L.; San Martà n, E.; Orellana, J.; Gonzalez, J. (2017) <doi:10.1111/rssa.12195> for more details. The second model is a temporally dependent value-added model. This model takes into account the temporal dependence that may exist in school performance between two cohorts in one of two ways. The first is by modeling school random effects with a non-stationary AR(1) process. The second is by modeling school effects based on previous cohort's post-test performance. In addition to more efficiently estimating value-added, this model permits making statements about the persistence of a schools effectiveness. The standard value-added model is also an option.

US VAERS vaccine data for 01/01/2018 - 06/14/2018. If you want to explore the full VAERS data for 1990 - Present (data, symptoms, and vaccines), then check out the vaers package from the URL below. The URL and BugReports below correspond to the vaers package, of which vaersvax is a small subset (2018 only). vaers is not hosted on CRAN due to the large size of the data set. To install the Suggested vaers and vaersND packages, use the following R code: devtools::install_git("<https://gitlab.com/iembry/vaers.git>", build_vignettes = TRUE) and devtools::install_git("<https://gitlab.com/iembry/vaersND.git>", build_vignettes = TRUE)'. "The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is a national early warning system to detect possible safety problems in U.S.-licensed vaccines. VAERS is co-managed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)." For more information about the data, visit <https://vaers.hhs.gov/>. For information about vaccination/immunization hazards, visit <http://www.questionuniverse.com/rethink.html#vaccine>.

This package provides a colour-first toolkit for the analysis of qualitative (categorical) traits in plant breeding and genetics. It tests observed segregation against the classical Mendelian expectations, fitting every standard mono-, di- and trihybrid ratio automatically and ranking them by goodness of fit, with Yates continuity correction and Monte Carlo exact tests for sparse tables. It partitions chi-square across families into pooled and heterogeneity components, so that a poor overall fit can be attributed either to the hypothesised ratio or to variation between families. Genetic linkage is estimated by maximum likelihood from two-locus second filial generation and backcross data, with logarithm of odds scores and likelihood-ratio confidence intervals for the recombination fraction. The package further computes Shannon-Weaver and Simpson diversity for descriptor states used in distinctness, uniformity and stability testing, and performs multiple correspondence analysis and Gower-distance clustering of mixed categorical and quantitative descriptors. Every analysis returns a tidy result object and a publication-ready ggplot2 figure. Methods follow Mather (1951, <ISBN:9780416470406>), Allard (1956) <doi:10.3733/hilg.v24n10p235> and Gower (1971) <doi:10.2307/2528823>.

Build graphs for landscape genetics analysis. This set of functions can be used to import and convert spatial and genetic data initially in different formats, import landscape graphs created with Graphab software (Foltete et al., 2021) <doi:10.1016/j.simpa.2021.100065>, make diagnosis plots of isolation by distance relationships in order to choose how to build genetic graphs, create graphs with a large range of pruning methods, weight their links with several genetic distances, plot and analyse graphs, compare them with other graphs. It uses functions from other packages such as adegenet (Jombart, 2008) <doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn129> and igraph (Csardi et Nepusz, 2006) <https://igraph.org/>. It also implements methods commonly used in landscape genetics to create graphs, described by Dyer et Nason (2004) <doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02177.x> and Greenbaum et Fefferman (2017) <doi:10.1111/mec.14059>, and to analyse distance data (van Strien et al., 2015) <doi:10.1038/hdy.2014.62>. Recent updates introduce multiple habitat graph functionalities (as described by Savary et al., 2024) <doi:10.1007/s10980-024-01947-4>.

This package provides a comprehensive Shiny application for analyzing Whole Genome Duplication ('WGD') events. This package provides a user-friendly Shiny web application for non-experienced researchers to prepare input data and execute command lines for several well-known WGD analysis tools, including wgd', ksrates', i-ADHoRe', OrthoFinder', and Whale'. This package also provides the source code for experienced researchers to adjust and install the package to their own server. Key Features 1) Input Data Preparation This package allows users to conveniently upload and format their data, making it compatible with various WGD analysis tools. 2) Command Line Generation This package automatically generates the necessary command lines for selected WGD analysis tools, reducing manual errors and saving time. 3) Visualization This package offers interactive visualizations to explore and interpret WGD results, facilitating in-depth WGD analysis. 4) Comparative Genomics Users can study and compare WGD events across different species, aiding in evolutionary and comparative genomics studies. 5) User-Friendly Interface This Shiny web application provides an intuitive and accessible interface, making WGD analysis accessible to researchers and bioinformaticians of all levels.

Testing homogeneity of k multivariate distributions is a classical and challenging problem in statistics, and this becomes even more challenging when the dimension of the data exceeds the sample size. We construct some tests for this purpose which are exact level (size) alpha tests based on clustering. These tests are easy to implement and distribution-free in finite sample situations. Under appropriate regularity conditions, these tests have the consistency property in HDLSS asymptotic regime, where the dimension of data grows to infinity while the sample size remains fixed. We also consider a multiscale approach, where the results for different number of partitions are aggregated judiciously. Details are in Biplab Paul, Shyamal K De and Anil K Ghosh (2021) <doi:10.1016/j.jmva.2021.104897>; Soham Sarkar and Anil K Ghosh (2019) <doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2019.2912599>; William M Rand (1971) <doi:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482356>; Cyrus R Mehta and Nitin R Patel (1983) <doi:10.2307/2288652>; Joseph C Dunn (1973) <doi:10.1080/01969727308546046>; Sture Holm (1979) <doi:10.2307/4615733>; Yoav Benjamini and Yosef Hochberg (1995) <doi: 10.2307/2346101>.

distinct is a statistical method to perform differential testing between two or more groups of distributions; differential testing is performed via hierarchical non-parametric permutation tests on the cumulative distribution functions (cdfs) of each sample. While most methods for differential expression target differences in the mean abundance between conditions, distinct, by comparing full cdfs, identifies, both, differential patterns involving changes in the mean, as well as more subtle variations that do not involve the mean (e.g., unimodal vs. bi-modal distributions with the same mean). distinct is a general and flexible tool: due to its fully non-parametric nature, which makes no assumptions on how the data was generated, it can be applied to a variety of datasets. It is particularly suitable to perform differential state analyses on single cell data (i.e., differential analyses within sub-populations of cells), such as single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and high-dimensional flow or mass cytometry (HDCyto) data. To use distinct one needs data from two or more groups of samples (i.e., experimental conditions), with at least 2 samples (i.e., biological replicates) per group.

Statistical methods that quantify the conditions necessary to alter inferences, also known as sensitivity analysis, are becoming increasingly important to a variety of quantitative sciences. A series of recent works, including Frank (2000) <doi:10.1177/0049124100029002001> and Frank et al. (2013) <doi:10.3102/0162373713493129> extend previous sensitivity analyses by considering the characteristics of omitted variables or unobserved cases that would change an inference if such variables or cases were observed. These analyses generate statements such as "an omitted variable would have to be correlated at xx with the predictor of interest (e.g., the treatment) and outcome to invalidate an inference of a treatment effect". Or "one would have to replace pp percent of the observed data with nor which the treatment had no effect to invalidate the inference". We implement these recent developments of sensitivity analysis and provide modules to calculate these two robustness indices and generate such statements in R. In particular, the functions konfound(), pkonfound() and mkonfound() allow users to calculate the robustness of inferences for a user's own model, a single published study and multiple studies respectively.

The developed function is designed for the generation of spatial grids based on user-specified longitude and latitude coordinates. The function first validates the input longitude and latitude values, ensuring they fall within the appropriate geographic ranges. It then creates a polygon from the coordinates and determines the appropriate Universal Transverse Mercator zone based on the provided hemisphere and longitude values. Subsequently, transforming the input Shapefile to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection when necessary. Finally, a spatial grid is generated with the specified interval and saved as a Shapefile. For method details see, Brus,D.J.(2022).<DOI:10.1201/9781003258940>. The function takes into account crucial parameters such as the hemisphere (north or south), desired grid interval, and the output Shapefile path. The developed function is an efficient tool, simplifying the process of empty spatial grid generation for applications such as, geo-statistical analysis, digital soil mapping product generation, etc. Whether for environmental studies, urban planning, or any other geo-spatial analysis, this package caters to the diverse needs of users working with spatial data, enhancing the accessibility and ease of spatial data processing and visualization.

We provide a solution for performing permutation tests on linear and mixed linear regression models. It allows users to obtain accurate p-values without making distributional assumptions about the data. By generating a null distribution of the test statistics through repeated permutations of the response variable, permutation tests provide a powerful alternative to traditional parameter tests (Holt et al. (2023) <doi:10.1007/s10683-023-09799-6>). In this early version, we focus on the permutation tests over observed t values of beta coefficients, i.e.original t values generated by parameter tests. After generating a null distribution of the test statistic through repeated permutations of the response variable, each observed t values would be compared to the null distribution to generate a p-value. To improve the efficiency,a stop criterion (Anscombe (1953) <doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1953.tb00121.x>) is adopted to force permutation to stop if the estimated standard deviation of the value falls below a fraction of the estimated p-value. By doing so, we avoid the need for massive calculations in exact permutation methods while still generating stable and accurate p-values.

This package provides tools to visualize the results of a classification or a regression. The graphical displays include stacked plots, silhouette plots, quasi residual plots, class maps, predictions plots, and predictions correlation plots. Implements the techniques described and illustrated in Raymaekers J., Rousseeuw P.J., Hubert M. (2022). Class maps for visualizing classification results. \emphTechnometrics, 64(2), 151â 165. <doi:10.1080/00401706.2021.1927849> (open access), Raymaekers J., Rousseeuw P.J.(2022). Silhouettes and quasi residual plots for neural nets and tree-based classifiers. \emphJournal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 31(4), 1332â 1343. <doi:10.1080/10618600.2022.2050249>, and Rousseeuw, P.J. (2026). Explainable Linear and Generalized Linear Models by the Predictions Plot. The American Statistician, 80, 157-163, <doi:10.1080/00031305.2025.2539235> (open access), and Montalcini, C., Rousseeuw, P.J. (2025). The bixplot: A variation on the boxplot suited for bimodal data, <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2510.09276> (open access). Examples can be found in the vignettes: "Discriminant_analysis_examples","K_nearest_neighbors_examples", "Support_vector_machine_examples", "Rpart_examples", "Random_forest_examples", "Neural_net_examples", "predsplot_examples", and "bixplot_examples".

Presentation-quality tables are displayed as plots on an R graphics device. Although there are other packages that format tables for display, this package is unique in combining two features: (a) It is aware of the logical structure of the table being presented, and makes use of that for automatic layout and styling of the table. This avoids the need for most manual adjustments to achieve an attractive result. (b) It displays tables using ggplot2 graphics. Therefore a table can be presented anywhere a graph could be, with no more effort. External software such as LaTeX or HTML or their viewers is not required. The package provides a full set of tools to control the style and appearance of tables, including titles, footnotes and reference marks, horizontal and vertical rules, and spacing of rows and columns. Methods are included to display matrices; data frames; tables created by R's ftable(), table(), and xtabs() functions; and tables created by the tables and xtable packages. Methods can be added to display other table-like objects. A vignette is included that illustrates usage and options available in the package.

Fast k-nearest neighbors (K-NN) and principal component analysis (PCA) imputation algorithms for missing values in epigenetic data or other high-dimensional numeric matrices. For PCA, a locally optimal block preconditioned conjugate gradient (LOBPCG) eigensolver with warm starts of both the eigenblock and search direction is also supported. Two complementary imputation strategies are available. Group-wise imputation (e.g., by chromosome) is recommended for Illumina DNA methylation microarrays (e.g., 450K, EPIC) and other matrices with groupable columns. A sliding window approach for K-NN or PCA imputation is recommended only for whole-genome methylation data such as whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) or Enzymatic Methyl-seq (EM-seq). The package also supports hyperparameter tuning via repeated cross-validation. The K-NN algorithm is described in: Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., Sherlock, G., Eisen, M., Brown, P. and Botstein, D. (1999) "Imputing Missing Data for Gene Expression Arrays". The PCA imputation is an optimized reimplementation of the imputePCA() function from the missMDA package described in: Josse, J. and Husson, F. (2016) <doi:10.18637/jss.v070.i01> "missMDA: A Package for Handling Missing Values in Multivariate Data Analysis".

Bounded continuous data are encountered in many areas of test application. Examples include visual analogue scales used in the measurement of personality, mood, depression, and quality of life; item response times from tests with item deadlines; confidence ratings; and pain intensity ratings. Using this package, item response theory (IRT) models suitable for bounded continuous item scores can be fitted to data within a Bayesian framework. The package draws on posterior sampling facilities provided by R-package rstan (Stan Development Team, 2025)<https://mc-stan.org/>. Available models include the Beta IRT model by Noel and Dauvier (2007)<doi:10.1177/0146621605287691>, the continuous response model by Samejima (1973)<doi:10.1007/BF03372160>, the unbounded normal model by Mellenbergh (1994)<doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2903_2>, and the Simplex IRT model by Flores et al. (2020)<doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43469-4_8>. All models can be fitted with or without zero-one inflation (Molenaar et al., 2022)<doi:10.3102/10769986221108455>. Model fit comparisons can be conducted using the Watanabe-Akaike information criterion (WAIC), leave-one-out cross-validation information criterion (LOOIC), and the fully marginalized likelihood (i.e., Bayes factors).

We developed a package Keyboard for designing single-agent, drug-combination, or phase I/II dose-finding clinical trials. The Keyboard designs are novel early phase trial designs that can be implemented simply and transparently, similar to the 3+3 design, but yield excellent performance, comparable to those of more-complicated, model-based designs (Yan F, Mandrekar SJ, Yuan Y (2017) <doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0220>, Li DH, Whitmore JB, Guo W, Ji Y. (2017) <doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-1125>, Liu S, Johnson VE (2016) <doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxv040>, Zhou Y, Lee JJ, Yuan Y (2019) <doi:10.1002/sim.8475>, Pan H, Lin R, Yuan Y (2020) <doi:10.1016/j.cct.2020.105972>). The Keyboard package provides tools for designing, conducting, and analyzing single-agent, drug-combination, and phase I/II dose-finding clinical trials. For more details about how to use this packge, please refer to Li C, Sun H, Cheng C, Tang L, and Pan H. (2022) "A software tool for both the maximum tolerated dose and the optimal biological dose finding trials in early phase designs". Manuscript submitted for publication.