This package provides several direct search optimization algorithms based on the simplex method. The provided algorithms are direct search algorithms, i.e. algorithms which do not use the derivative of the cost function. They are based on the update of a simplex. The following algorithms are available: the fixed shape simplex method of Spendley, Hext and Himsworth (unconstrained optimization with a fixed shape simplex, 1962) <doi:10.1080/00401706.1962.10490033>, the variable shape simplex method of Nelder and Mead (unconstrained optimization with a variable shape simplex made, 1965) <doi:10.1093/comjnl/7.4.308>, and Box's complex method (constrained optimization with a variable shape simplex, 1965) <doi: 10.1093/comjnl/8.1.42>.

Analysis of protein expression data can be done through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and this R package is designed to streamline the analysis. This package enables users to perform PCA and it generates biplot and scree plot for advanced graphical visualization. Optionally, it supports grouping/clustering visualization with PCA loadings and confidence ellipses. With this R package, researchers can quickly explore complex protein datasets, interpret variance contributions, and visualize sample clustering through intuitive biplots. For more details, see Jolliffe (2001) <doi:10.1007/b98835>, Gabriel (1971) <doi:10.1093/biomet/58.3.453>, Zhang et al. (2024) <doi:10.1038/s41467-024-53239-9>, and Anandan et al. (2022) <doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07781-5>.

This package provides tools to apply Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) for cyclostratigraphy purposes. Mainly: a new algorithm, extricate, that performs EEMD in seconds, a linear interpolation algorithm using the greatest rational common divisor of depth or time, different algorithms to compute instantaneous amplitude, frequency and ratios of frequencies, and functions to verify and visualise the outputs. The functions were developed during the CRASH project (Checking the Reproducibility of Astrochronology in the Hauterivian). When using for publication please cite Wouters, S., Crucifix, M., Sinnesael, M., Da Silva, A.C., Zeeden, C., Zivanovic, M., Boulvain, F., Devleeschouwer, X., 2022, "A decomposition approach to cyclostratigraphic signal processing". Earth-Science Reviews 225 (103894). <doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103894>.

This package implements fast, scalable optimization algorithms for fitting topic models ("grade of membership" models) and non-negative matrix factorizations to count data. The methods exploit the special relationship between the multinomial topic model (also, "probabilistic latent semantic indexing") and Poisson non-negative matrix factorization. The package provides tools to compare, annotate and visualize model fits, including functions to efficiently create "structure plots" and identify key features in topics. The fastTopics package is a successor to the CountClust package. For more information, see <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2105.13440> and <doi:10.1186/s13059-023-03067-9>. Please also see the GitHub repository for additional vignettes not included in the package on CRAN.

Fornece acesso eficiente à malha espacial de precariedade viária brasileira. O pacote realiza o download em cache e a leitura otimizada (via Apache Arrow) de arquivos Parquet particionados, contendo o cruzamento de variáveis de infraestrutura do Entorno do Censo Demográfico 2022 (IBGE) com a malha viária aberta do Overture Maps. [English] Provides efficient access to the spatial network of road precariousness in Brazil. The package performs cached downloads and optimized reading (via Apache Arrow) of partitioned Parquet files. These files contain the intersection of infrastructure variables from the 2022 Demographic Census (IBGE) with the open street network from Overture Maps. Methodology and datasets are detailed in Passos (2026) <doi:10.5281/zenodo.19711448>.

Implement a promising, and yet little explored protocol for bioacoustical analysis, the eigensound method by MacLeod, Krieger and Jones (2013) <doi:10.4404/hystrix-24.1-6299>. Eigensound is a multidisciplinary method focused on the direct comparison between stereotyped sounds from different species. SoundShape', in turn, provide the tools required for anyone to go from sound waves to Principal Components Analysis, using tools extracted from traditional bioacoustics (i.e. tuneR and seewave packages), geometric morphometrics (i.e. geomorph package) and multivariate analysis (e.g. stats package). For more information, please see Rocha and Romano (2021) and check SoundShape repository on GitHub for news and updates <https://github.com/p-rocha/SoundShape>.

Uses the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) to compute the acoustic backward scattering, the geometry of the object is formed by a volumetric mesh, composed of tetrahedrons. This computation is done efficiently through an analytical 3D integration that allows for a solution which is expressed in terms of elementary functions for each tetrahedron. It is important to note that this method is only valid for objects whose acoustic properties, such as density and sound speed, do not vary significantly compared to the surrounding medium. (See Lavia, Cascallares and Gonzalez, J. D. (2023). TetraScatt model: Born approximation for the estimation of acoustic dispersion of fluid-like objects of arbitrary geometries. arXiv preprint <arXiv:2312.16721>).

This package implements exact algorithms for computing the distributions of the maximum, the minimum, the range, and the sum of the J largest order statistics of a multinomial random vector. Two complementary algorithm families are provided: the recursive tree-traversal method of Bonetti, Cirillo, and Ogay (2019) <doi:10.1098/rsos.190198>, which covers all four statistics under the equiprobable hypothesis; and the stochastic matrix method of Corrado (2011) <doi:10.1007/s11222-010-9174-3>, which handles the maximum, minimum, and range for arbitrary probability vectors. Functions for power evaluation and sample size determination for goodness-of-fit tests based on these order statistics are also provided. Computationally intensive routines are implemented in C++ for efficiency.

Estimation of crop water demand can be processed via this package. As example, the data from TerraClimate dataset (<https://www.climatologylab.org/terraclimate.html>) calibrated with automatic weather stations of National Meteorological Institute of Brazil is available in a coarse spatial resolution to do the crop water demand. However, the user have also the option to download the variables directly from TerraClimate repository with the download.terraclimate function and access the original TerraClimate products. If the user believes that is necessary calibrate the variables, there is another function to do it. Lastly, the estimation of the crop water demand present in this package can be run for all the Brazilian territory with TerraClimate dataset.

Calculates marginal effects and conducts process analysis in exponential family random graph models (ERGM). Includes functions to conduct mediation and moderation analyses and to diagnose multicollinearity. URL: <https://github.com/sduxbury/ergMargins>. BugReports: <https://github.com/sduxbury/ergMargins/issues>. Duxbury, Scott W (2021) <doi:10.1177/0049124120986178>. Long, J. Scott, and Sarah Mustillo (2018) <doi:10.1177/0049124118799374>. Mize, Trenton D. (2019) <doi:10.15195/v6.a4>. Karlson, Kristian Bernt, Anders Holm, and Richard Breen (2012) <doi:10.1177/0081175012444861>. Duxbury, Scott W (2018) <doi:10.1177/0049124118782543>. Duxbury, Scott W, Jenna Wertsching (2023) <doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2023.02.003>. Huang, Peng, Carter Butts (2023) <doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2023.07.001>.

Some functions of ade4 and stats are combined in order to obtain a partition of the rows of a data table, with columns representing variables of scales: quantitative, qualitative or frequency. First, a principal axes method is performed and then, a combination of Ward agglomerative hierarchical classification and K-means is performed, using some of the first coordinates obtained from the previous principal axes method. In order to permit different weights of the elements to be clustered, the function kmeansW', programmed in C++, is included. It is a modification of kmeans'. Some graphical functions include the option: gg=FALSE'. When gg=TRUE', they use the ggplot2 and ggrepel packages to avoid the super-position of the labels.

This package provides a collection of functions for processing Gen5 2.06 exported data. Gen5 is an essential data analysis software for BioTek plate readers <https://www.biotek.com/products/software-robotics-software/gen5-microplate-reader-and-imager-software/>. This package contains functions for data cleaning, modeling and plotting using exported data from Gen5 version 2.06. It exports technically correct data defined in (Edwin de Jonge and Mark van der Loo (2013) <https://cran.r-project.org/doc/contrib/de_Jonge+van_der_Loo-Introduction_to_data_cleaning_with_R.pdf>) for customized analysis. It contains Boltzmann fitting for general kinetic analysis. See <https://www.github.com/yanxianUCSB/gen5helper> for more information, documentation and examples.

Easily construct prompts and associated logic for interacting with large language models (LLMs). tidyprompt introduces the concept of prompt wraps, which are building blocks that you can use to quickly turn a simple prompt into a complex one. Prompt wraps do not just modify the prompt text, but also add extraction and validation functions that will be applied to the response of the LLM. This ensures that the user gets the desired output. tidyprompt can add various features to prompts and their evaluation by LLMs, such as structured output, automatic feedback, retries, reasoning modes, autonomous R function calling, and R code generation and evaluation. It is designed to be compatible with any LLM provider that offers chat completion.

Interface to TensorFlow <https://www.tensorflow.org/>, an open source software library for numerical computation using data flow graphs. Nodes in the graph represent mathematical operations, while the graph edges represent the multidimensional data arrays (tensors) communicated between them. The flexible architecture allows you to deploy computation to one or more CPUs or GPUs in a desktop, server, or mobile device with a single API'. TensorFlow was originally developed by researchers and engineers working on the Google Brain Team within Google's Machine Intelligence research organization for the purposes of conducting machine learning and deep neural networks research, but the system is general enough to be applicable in a wide variety of other domains as well.

Students learning both econometrics and R may find the introduction to both challenging. The wooldridge data package aims to lighten the task by efficiently loading any data set found in the text with a single command. Data sets have been compressed to a fraction of their original size. Documentation files contain page numbers, the original source, time of publication, and notes from the author suggesting avenues for further analysis and research. If one needs an introduction to R model syntax, a vignette contains solutions to examples from chapters of the text. Data sets are from the 7th edition (Wooldridge 2020, ISBN-13 978-1-337-55886-0), and are backwards compatible with all previous versions of the text.

This is a package for normalization, testing for differential variability and differential methylation and gene set testing for data from Illumina's Infinium HumanMethylation arrays. The normalization procedure is subset-quantile within-array normalization (SWAN), which allows Infinium I and II type probes on a single array to be normalized together. The test for differential variability is based on an empirical Bayes version of Levene's test. Differential methylation testing is performed using RUV, which can adjust for systematic errors of unknown origin in high-dimensional data by using negative control probes. Gene ontology analysis is performed by taking into account the number of probes per gene on the array, as well as taking into account multi-gene associated probes.

Highly multiplexed imaging acquires the single-cell expression of selected proteins in a spatially-resolved fashion. These measurements can be visualised across multiple length-scales. First, pixel-level intensities represent the spatial distributions of feature expression with highest resolution. Second, after segmentation, expression values or cell-level metadata (e.g. cell-type information) can be visualised on segmented cell areas. This package contains functions for the visualisation of multiplexed read-outs and cell-level information obtained by multiplexed imaging technologies. The main functions of this package allow 1. the visualisation of pixel-level information across multiple channels, 2. the display of cell-level information (expression and/or metadata) on segmentation masks and 3. gating and visualisation of single cells.

In computationally demanding data analysis pipelines, the targets R package (2021, <doi:10.21105/joss.02959>) maintains an up-to-date set of results while skipping tasks that do not need to rerun. This process increases speed and increases trust in the final end product. However, it also overwrites old output with new output, and past results disappear by default. To preserve historical output, the gittargets package captures version-controlled snapshots of the data store, and each snapshot links to the underlying commit of the source code. That way, when the user rolls back the code to a previous branch or commit, gittargets can recover the data contemporaneous with that commit so that all targets remain up to date.

This package provides a small package containing functions to perform a joint calibration of totals and quantiles. The calibration for totals is based on Deville and Särndal (1992) <doi:10.1080/01621459.1992.10475217>, the calibration for quantiles is based on Harms and Duchesne (2006) <https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/12-001-X20060019255>. The package uses standard calibration via the survey', sampling or laeken packages. In addition, entropy balancing via the ebal package and empirical likelihood based on codes from Wu (2005) <https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/12-001-x/2005002/article/9051-eng.pdf> can be used. See the paper by BerÄ sewicz and Szymkowiak (2023) for details <arXiv:2308.13281>.

This package provides statistical functions to aid in the analysis of contemporary and historical corpora. These transparent functions may be useful to anyone, and were designed with the social sciences and humanities in mind. JSD (Jensen-Shannon Divergence) is a measure of the distance between two probability distributions. The JSD and Original JSD functions expand on existing functions, by calculating the JSD for distributions of words in text groups for all pairwise groups provided (Drost (2018) <doi:10.21105/joss.00765>). The Log Likelihood function is inspired by the work of digital historian Jo Guldi (Guldi (2022) <https://github.com/joguldi/digital-history>). Also includes helper functions that can count word frequency in each text grouping, and remove stop words.

Data management and cleaning for dendrometer and sap flux data, including gap detection, NA identification, missing value interpolation, and date conversion. The package also calculates multiple growth metrics of tree radial change data, including the cumulative growth over the entire observation period, daily cumulative growth, and growth changes between adjacent time intervals. Various approaches can be applied to calculate the night delta-Tmax required for sap flow (Peters et al., 2018, <doi: 10.1111/nph.15241>) and subsequently estimate sap flow density (Granier, 1987, <doi: 10.1093/treephys/3.4.309>). In addition, it supports the creation of simple timeâ series point plots to visually display the dynamic changes in tree growth status or sap flow density during that period.

It is designed to work with text written in Bahasa Malaysia. We provide functions and data sets that will make working with Bahasa Malaysia text much easier. For word stemming in particular, we will look up the Malay words in a dictionary and then proceed to remove "extra suffix" as explained in Khan, Rehman Ullah, Fitri Suraya Mohamad, Muh Inam UlHaq, Shahren Ahmad Zadi Adruce, Philip Nuli Anding, Sajjad Nawaz Khan, and Abdulrazak Yahya Saleh Al-Hababi (2017) <https://ijrest.net/vol-4-issue-12.html> . This package includes a dictionary of Malay words that may be used to perform word stemming, a dataset of Malay stop words, a dataset of sentiment words and a dataset of normalized words.

Datasets of accompany Harman, a PCA and constrained optimisation based technique. Contains three example datasets: IMR90, Human lung fibroblast cells exposed to nitric oxide; NPM, an experiment to test skin penetration of metal oxide nanoparticles following topical application of sunscreens in non-pregnant mice; OLF; an experiment to gauge the response of human olfactory neurosphere-derived (hONS) cells to ZnO nanoparticles. Since version 1.24, this package also contains the Infinium5 dataset, a set of batch correction adjustments across 5 Illumina Infinium Methylation BeadChip datasets. This file does not contain methylation data, but summary statistics of 5 datasets after correction. There is also an EpiSCOPE_sample file as exampling for the new methylation clustering functionality in Harman.

This package implements comprehensive test data engineering methods as described in Shojima (2022, ISBN:978-9811699856). Provides statistical techniques for engineering and processing test data: Classical Test Theory (CTT) with reliability coefficients for continuous ability assessment; Item Response Theory (IRT) including Rasch, 2PL, and 3PL models with item/test information functions; Latent Class Analysis (LCA) for nominal clustering; Latent Rank Analysis (LRA) for ordinal clustering with automatic determination of cluster numbers; Biclustering methods including infinite relational models for simultaneous clustering of examinees and items without predefined cluster numbers; and Bayesian Network Models (BNM) for visualizing inter-item dependencies. Features local dependence analysis through LRA and biclustering, parameter estimation, dimensionality assessment, and network structure visualization for educational, psychological, and social science research.