Adjusted odds ratio conditional on potential confounders can be directly obtained from logistic regression. However, those adjusted odds ratios have been widely incorrectly interpreted as a relative risk. As relative risk is often of interest in public health, we provide a simple code to return adjusted relative risks from logistic regression model under potential confounders.

Set of the data science tools created by various members of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) community. These functions were initially written largely as standalone operations and have later been aggregated into this package.

Given independent and identically distributed observations X(1), ..., X(n), compute the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of a density as well as a smoothed version of it under the assumption that the density is log-concave, see Rufibach (2007) and Duembgen and Rufibach (2009). The main function of the package is logConDens that allows computation of the log-concave MLE and its smoothed version. In addition, we provide functions to compute (1) the value of the density and distribution function estimates (MLE and smoothed) at a given point (2) the characterizing functions of the estimator, (3) to sample from the estimated distribution, (5) to compute a two-sample permutation test based on log-concave densities, (6) the ROC curve based on log-concave estimates within cases and controls, including confidence intervals for given values of false positive fractions (7) computation of a confidence interval for the value of the true density at a fixed point. Finally, three datasets that have been used to illustrate log-concave density estimation are made available.

This package provides a collection of tools intended to make introductory statistics easier to teach, including wrappers for common hypothesis tests and basic data manipulation. It accompanies Navarro, D. J. (2015). Learning Statistics with R: A Tutorial for Psychology Students and Other Beginners, Version 0.6.

Palettes generated from limnology based field and laboratory photos. Palettes can be used to generate color values to be used in any functions that calls for a color (i.e. ggplot(), plot(), flextable(), etc.).

Implementation of Locally Scaled Density Based Clustering (LSDBC) algorithm proposed by Bicici and Yuret (2007) <doi:10.1007/978-3-540-71618-1_82>. This package also contains some supporting functions such as betaCV() function and get_spectral() function.

This package provides a unified framework for symbolic regression (SR) and multi-view symbolic regression (MvSR) designed for complex, nonlinear systems, with particular applicability to ecological datasets. The package implements a four-stage workflow: data subset generation, functional form discovery, numerical parameter optimization, and multi-objective evaluation. It provides a high-level formula-style interface that abstracts and extends multiple discovery engines: genetic programming (via PySR), Reinforcement Learning with Monte Carlo Tree Search (via RSRM), and exhaustive generalized linear model search. leaf extends these methods by enabling multi-view discovery, where functional structures are shared across groups while parameters are fitted locally, and by supporting the enforcement of domain-specific constraints, such as sign consistency across groups. The framework automatically handles data normalization, link functions, and back-transformation, ensuring that discovered symbolic equations remain interpretable and valid on the original data scale. Implements methods following ongoing work by the authors (2026, in preparation).

Classification method obtained through linear programming. It is advantageous with respect to the classical developments when the distribution of the variables involved is unknown or when the number of variables is much greater than the number of individuals. Mathematical details behind the method are published in Nueda, et al. (2022) "LPDA: A new classification method based on linear programming". <doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270403>.

Create maps made of lines. The package contains one function: linemap(). linemap() displays a map made of lines using a raster or gridded data.

This package provides functions to fit log-multiplicative models using gnm', with support for convenient printing, plots, and jackknife/bootstrap standard errors. For complex survey data, models can be fitted from design objects from the survey package. Currently supported models include UNIDIFF (Erikson & Goldthorpe, 1992), a.k.a. log-multiplicative layer effect model (Xie, 1992) <doi:10.2307/2096242>, and several association models: Goodman (1979) <doi:10.2307/2286971> row-column association models of the RC(M) and RC(M)-L families with one or several dimensions; two skew-symmetric association models proposed by Yamaguchi (1990) <doi:10.2307/271086> and by van der Heijden & Mooijaart (1995) <doi:10.1177/0049124195024001002> Functions allow computing the intrinsic association coefficient (see Bouchet-Valat (2022) <doi:10.1177/0049124119852389>) and the Altham (1970) index <doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1970.tb00816.x>, including via the Bayes shrinkage estimator proposed by Zhou (2015) <doi:10.1177/0081175015570097>; and the RAS/IPF/Deming-Stephan algorithm.

Estimate, fit and compare Structural Equation Models (SEM) and network models (Gaussian Graphical Models; GGM) using OpenMx. Allows for two possible generalizations to include GGMs in SEM: GGMs can be used between latent variables (latent network modeling; LNM) or between residuals (residual network modeling; RNM). For details, see Epskamp, Rhemtulla and Borsboom (2017) <doi:10.1007/s11336-017-9557-x>.

Implementation of the drift-diffusion mixed model for category learning as described in Paulon et al. (2021) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2020.1801448>.

This package provides a toolbox for R arrays. Flexibly split, bind, reshape, modify, subset and name arrays.

This package provides a method for factor retention using a pre-trained Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Network, which is originally developed by Hochreiter and Schmidhuber (1997) <doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735>, is provided. The sample size of the dataset used to train the LSTM model is 1,000,000. Each sample is a batch of simulated response data with a specific latent factor structure. The eigenvalues of these response data will be used as sequential data to train the LSTM. The pre-trained LSTM is capable of factor retention for real response data with a true latent factor number ranging from 1 to 10, that is, determining the number of factors.

This package provides tools for detecting and correcting sample mix-ups between two sets of measurements, such as between gene expression data on two tissues. This is a revised version of the lineup package, to be more general and not tied to the qtl package.

Create and use data frame labels for data frame objects (frame labels), their columns (name labels), and individual values of a column (value labels). Value labels include one-to-one and many-to-one labels for nominal and ordinal variables, as well as numerical range-based value labels for continuous variables. Convert value-labeled variables so each value is replaced by its corresponding value label. Add values-converted-to-labels columns to a value-labeled data frame while preserving parent columns. Filter and subset a value-labeled data frame using labels, while returning results in terms of values. Overlay labels in place of values in common R commands to increase interpretability. Generate tables of value frequencies, with categories expressed as raw values or as labels. Access data frames that show value-to-label mappings for easy reference.

Tests whether the linear hypothesis of a model is correct specified using Dominguez-Lobato test. Also Ramsey's RESET (Regression Equation Specification Error Test) test is implemented and Wald tests can be carried out. Although RESET test is widely used to test the linear hypothesis of a model, Dominguez and Lobato (2019) proposed a novel approach that generalizes well known specification tests such as Ramsey's. This test relies on wild-bootstrap; this package implements this approach to be usable with any function that fits linear models and is compatible with the update() function such as stats'::lm(), lfe'::felm() and forecast'::Arima(), for ARMA (autoregressiveâ moving-average) models. Also the package can handle custom statistics such as Cramer von Mises and Kolmogorov Smirnov, described by the authors, and custom distributions such as Mammen (discrete and continuous) and Rademacher. Manuel A. Dominguez & Ignacio N. Lobato (2019) <doi:10.1080/07474938.2019.1687116>.

In Latent Space Item Response Models, subjects and items are embedded in a multidimensional Euclidean latent space. As such, interactions among persons, items, and person-item combinations can be revealed that are unmodelled in more conventional item response theory models. This package implements the methods from Molenaar & Jeon (in press) and can be used to fit Latent Space Item Response Models to data using joint maximum likelihood estimation. The package can handle binary data, ordinal data, and data with mixed scales. The package incorporates facilities for data simulation, rotation of the latent space, and K-fold cross-validation to select the number of dimensions of the latent space.

Consider linear regression model Y = Xb + error where the distribution function of errors is unknown, but errors are independent and symmetrically distributed. The package contains a function named LRMDE which takes Y and X as input and returns minimum distance estimator of parameter b in the model.

Without imposing stringent distributional assumptions or shape restrictions, nonparametric estimation has been popular in economics and other social sciences for counterfactual analysis, program evaluation, and policy recommendations. This package implements a novel density (and derivatives) estimator based on local polynomial regressions, documented in Cattaneo, Jansson and Ma (2022) <doi:10.18637/jss.v101.i02>: lpdensity() to construct local polynomial based density (and derivatives) estimator, and lpbwdensity() to perform data-driven bandwidth selection.

Fit relationship-based and customized mixed-effects models with complex variance-covariance structures using the lme4 machinery. The core computational algorithms are implemented using the Eigen C++ library for numerical linear algebra and RcppEigen glue'.

Constructs tree for continuous longitudinal data and survival data using baseline covariates as partitioning variables according to the LongCART and SurvCART algorithm, respectively. Later also included functions to calculate conditional power and predictive power of success based on interim results and probability of success for a prospective trial.

Location and scale hypothesis testing using the LePage test and variants of its as proposed by Hussain A. and Tsagris M. (2025), <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2509.19126>.

This package provides a suite of functions for reading in a rate file in XML format, stratify a cohort, and calculate SMRs from the stratified cohort and rate file.