Access data from the "City of Toronto Open Data Portal" (<https://open.toronto.ca>) directly from R.

Geocode with the OpenCage API, either from place name to longitude and latitude (forward geocoding) or from longitude and latitude to the name and address of a location (reverse geocoding), see <https://opencagedata.com/>.

Flexible optimizer with numerous input specifications for detailed parameterisation. Designed for complex loss functions with state and parameter space constraints. Visualization tools for validation and analysis of the convergence are included.

This package provides new tools for analyzing discrete trait data integrating bio-ontologies and phylogenetics. It expands on the previous work of Tarasov et al. (2019) <doi:10.1093/isd/ixz009>. The PARAMO pipeline allows to reconstruct ancestral phenomes treating groups of morphological traits as a single complex character. The pipeline incorporates knowledge from ontologies during the amalgamation of individual character stochastic maps. Here we expand the current PARAMO functionality by adding new statistical methods for inferring evolutionary phenome dynamics using non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP). The new functionalities include: (1) reconstruction of evolutionary rate shifts of phenomes across lineages and time; (2) reconstruction of morphospace dynamics through time; and (3) estimation of rates of phenome evolution at different levels of anatomical hierarchy (e.g., entire body or specific regions only). The package also includes user-friendly tools for visualizing evolutionary rates of different anatomical regions using vector images of the organisms of interest.

The popular population genetic software Treemix by Pickrell and Pritchard (2012) <DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002967> estimates the number of migration edges on a population tree. However, it can be difficult to determine the number of migration edges to include. Previously, it was customary to stop adding migration edges when 99.8% of variation in the data was explained, but OptM automates this process using an ad hoc statistic based on the second-order rate of change in the log likelihood. OptM also has added functionality for various threshold modeling to compare with the ad hoc statistic.

Use optimization to estimate weights that balance covariates for binary, multi-category, continuous, and multivariate treatments in the spirit of Zubizarreta (2015) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2015.1023805>. The degree of balance can be specified for each covariate. In addition, sampling weights can be estimated that allow a sample to generalize to a population specified with given target moments of covariates, as in matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC).

Generates n hierarchical clustering hypotheses on subsets of classifiers (usually species in community ecology studies). The n clustering hypotheses are combined to generate a generalized cluster, and computes three metrics of support. 1) The average proportion of elements conforming the group in each of the n clusters (integrity). And 2) the contamination, i.e., the average proportion of elements from other groups that enter a focal group. 3) The probability of existence of the group gives the integrity and contamination in a Bayesian approach.

Obtain optimum block from Non-overlapping Block Bootstrap method.

Empirical or simulated disease outbreak data, provided either as RData or as text files.

Calculate similarity between ontological terms and sets of ontological terms based on term information content and assess statistical significance of similarity in the context of a collection of terms sets - Greene et al. 2017 <doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btw763>.

This package implements orbit counting using a fast combinatorial approach. Counts orbits of nodes and edges from edge matrix or data frame, or a graph object from the graph package.

Detection of overdispersion in count data for multiple regression analysis. Log-linear count data regression is one of the most popular techniques for predictive modeling where there is a non-negative discrete quantitative dependent variable. In order to ensure the inferences from the use of count data models are appropriate, researchers may choose between the estimation of a Poisson model and a negative binomial model, and the correct decision for prediction from a count data estimation is directly linked to the existence of overdispersion of the dependent variable, conditional to the explanatory variables. Based on the studies of Cameron and Trivedi (1990) <doi:10.1016/0304-4076(90)90014-K> and Cameron and Trivedi (2013, ISBN:978-1107667273), the overdisp() command is a contribution to researchers, providing a fast and secure solution for the detection of overdispersion in count data. Another advantage is that the installation of other packages is unnecessary, since the command runs in the basic R language.

This package provides tools to segment fire scars and assess severity and vegetation regeneration using Otsu thresholding on Relative Burn Ratio (RBR) and differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) image composites. Includes support for mosaic handling, polygon metrics, post-fire regeneration detection, day-of-year flagging, and validation against reference datasets. Designed for analysis of fire history in the Iberian Peninsula. Input Landsat composites follow the methodology described in Quintero et al. (2025) <doi:10.2139/ssrn.4929831>.

Setup and connect to OpenTripPlanner (OTP) <http://www.opentripplanner.org/>. OTP is an open source platform for multi-modal and multi-agency journey planning written in Java'. The package allows you to manage a local version or connect to remote OTP server to find walking, cycling, driving, or transit routes. This package has been peer-reviewed by rOpenSci (v. 0.2.0.0).

This package provides a system for calculating the minimum total sample size needed to achieve a prespecified power or the optimal allocation for each treatment group with a fixed total sample size to maximize the power.

This package provides functions for plotting Australia's coastline and state boundaries.

An interface to easily run local language models with Ollama <https://ollama.com> server and API endpoints (see <https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/api.md> for details). It lets you run open-source large language models locally on your machine.

Optimal k Nearest Neighbours Ensemble is an ensemble of base k nearest neighbour models each constructed on a bootstrap sample with a random subset of features. k closest observations are identified for a test point "x" (say), in each base k nearest neighbour model to fit a stepwise regression to predict the output value of "x". The final predicted value of "x" is the mean of estimates given by all the models. The implemented model takes training and test datasets and trains the model on training data to predict the test data. Ali, A., Hamraz, M., Kumam, P., Khan, D.M., Khalil, U., Sulaiman, M. and Khan, Z. (2020) <DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3010099>.

When people make decisions, they may do so using a wide variety of decision rules. The package allows users to easily create obfuscation games to test the obfuscation hypothesis. It provides an easy to use interface and multiple options designed to vary the difficulty of the game and tailor it to the user's needs. For more detail: Chorus et al., 2021, Obfuscation maximization-based decision-making: Theory, methodology and first empirical evidence, Mathematical Social Sciences, 109, 28-44, <doi:10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2020.10.002>.

The Ontario Marginalization Index is a socioeconomic model that is built on Statistics Canada census data. The model consists of four dimensions: In 2021, these dimensions were updated to "Material Resources" (previously called "Material Deprivation"), "Households and Dwellings" (previously called "Residential Instability"), "Age and Labour Force" (previously called "Dependency"), and "Racialized and Newcomer Populations" (previously called "Ethnic Concentration"). This update reflects a movement away from deficit-based language. 2021 data will load with these new dimension names, wheras 2011 and 2016 data will load with the historical dimension names. Each of these dimensions are imported for a variety of geographic levels (DA, CD, etc.) for the 2021, 2011 and 2016 administrations of the census. These data sets contribute to community analysis of equity with respect to Ontario's Anti-Racism Act. The Ontario Marginalization Index data is retrieved from the Public Health Ontario website: <https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/data-and-analysis/health-equity/ontario-marginalization-index>. The shapefile data is retrieved from the Statistics Canada website: <https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/geo/bound-limit/bound-limit-eng.cfm>.

Generate and analyze Optimal Channel Networks (OCNs): oriented spanning trees reproducing all scaling features characteristic of real, natural river networks. As such, they can be used in a variety of numerical experiments in the fields of hydrology, ecology and epidemiology. See Carraro et al. (2020) <doi:10.1002/ece3.6479> for a presentation of the package; Rinaldo et al. (2014) <doi:10.1073/pnas.1322700111> for a theoretical overview on the OCN concept; Furrer and Sain (2010) <doi:10.18637/jss.v036.i10> for the construct used.

Allows access to a proof-of-concept database containing Open Access species range models and relevant metadata. Access to the database is via both PostgreSQL connection and API <https://github.com/EnquistLab/Biendata-Frontend>, allowing diverse use-cases.

Non-spatial and spatial open-population capture-recapture analysis.

This package provides a collection of aesthetically appealing color palettes for effective data visualization with ggplot2'. Palettes support both discrete and continuous data.