Google Pathways Language Model 2 (PaLM 2) as a coding and writing assistant designed for R'. With a range of functions, including natural language processing and coding optimization, to assist R developers in simplifying tedious coding tasks and content searching.

Crop production systems are increasingly challenged by climate variability, resource limitations, and bioticâ abiotic stresses. In this context, stress tolerance indices and physiological trait estimators are essential tools to identify stable and superior genotypes, quantify yield stability under stress versus non-stress conditions, and understand plant adaptive responses. The PhysioIndexR package provides a unified framework to compute commonly used stress indices, physiological traits, and derived metrics that are critical in crop improvement, crop physiology, and other agricultural sciences. The package includes functions to calculate classical stress tolerance indices (See Lamba et al., 2023; <doi:10.1038/s41598-023-37634-8>) such as Tolerance (TOL), Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Stress Susceptibility Percentage Index (SSPI), Yield Index (YI), Yield Stability Index (YSI), Relative Stress Index (RSI), Mean Productivity (MP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Harmonic Mean (HM), Mean Relative Performance (MRP), and Percent Yield Reduction (PYR), along with a convenience wrapper all_indices() that returns all indices simultaneously. The function mfvst_from_indices() integrates these indices into a composite stress score using direction-aware membership values (0â 1 scaling) and also averaging, facilitating genotype ranking and selection (See Vinu et al., 2025; <doi:10.1007/s12355-025-01595-1>). The package also implements two novel composite functions: WMFVST(), which computes the Weighted Mean Membership Function Value for Stress Tolerance, and WASI(), which computes the Weighted Average Stress Index, both derived from membership function values (MFV) and raw stress index values, respectively. Beyond stress indices, the package provides functions for key physiological traits relevant to sugarcane and other crops: bmap() computes biomass accumulation and partitioning between leaf, cane/shoot, and root fractions. chl() estimates total chlorophyll content from Soil-Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) and Chlorophyll Content Index (CCI) values using validated quadratic models particularly for sugarcane (See Krishnapriya et al., 2020; <doi:10.37580/JSR.2019.2.9.150-163>). ctd() calculates canopy temperature depression (CTD) from ambient and canopy temperatures, an important indicator of transpiration efficiency. growth() computes key growth analysis parameters, including Leaf Area Index (LAI), Net Assimilation Rate (NAR), and Crop Growth Rate (CGR) across crop growth stages (See Watson, 1958; <doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083596>). ranking() provides flexible ranking utilities for genotype performance with multiple tie-handling and NA-placement options. Through these tools, the package enables researchers to: (i) quantify crop responses to stress environments, (ii) partition physiological components of yield, (iii) integrate multiple indices into composite metrics for genotype evaluation, and (iv) facilitate informed decision making in breeding pipelines, and plant physiology experiments. By combining physiology-based traits with quantitative stress indices, PhysioIndexR supports comprehensive crop evaluation and helps researchers identify multi-stress-resilient superior genotypes, thereby contributing to genetic improvement and ensuring sustainable production of food, fuel, and fibre in the era of limited resources and climate change.

This package provides quasi-Newton methods to minimize partially separable functions. The methods are largely described by Nocedal and Wright (2006) <doi:10.1007/978-0-387-40065-5>.

This package implements an extension of the Chacko chi-square test for ordered vectors (Chacko, 1966, <https://www.jstor.org/stable/25051572>). Our extension brings the Chacko test to the computer age by implementing a permutation test to offer a numeric estimate of the p-value, which is particularly useful when the analytic solution is not available.

An implementation of prediction intervals for random-effects meta-analysis: Higgins et al. (2009) <doi:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2008.00552.x>, Partlett and Riley (2017) <doi:10.1002/sim.7140>, and Nagashima et al. (2019) <doi:10.1177/0962280218773520>, <arXiv:1804.01054>.

An R package for polygenic trait analysis.

Price volatility refers to the degree of variation in series over a certain period of time. This volatility is especially noticeable in agricultural commodities, adding uncertainty for farmers, traders, and others in the agricultural supply chain. Commonly and popularly used four volatility models viz, GARCH, Glosten Jagannatan Runkle-GARCH (GJR-GARCH) model, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) model and Multiplicative Error Model (MEM) are selected and implemented. PWAVE, weighted ensemble model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to combine the forecast obtained from all the candidate models. This package has been developed using algorithm of Paul et al. <doi:10.1007/s40009-023-01218-x> and Yeasin and Paul (2024) <doi:10.1007/s11227-023-05542-3>.

Drop-in replacements for standard base graphics functions. The replacements are prettier versions of the originals.

An efficient data integration method is provided for multiple spatial transcriptomics data with non-cluster-relevant effects such as the complex batch effects. It unifies spatial factor analysis simultaneously with spatial clustering and embedding alignment, requiring only partially shared cell/domain clusters across datasets. More details can be referred to Wei Liu, et al. (2023) <doi:10.1038/s41467-023-35947-w>.

This package produces odds ratio analyses with comprehensive reporting tools. Generates plots, summary tables, and diagnostic checks for logistic regression models fitted with glm() using binomial family. Provides visualisation methods, formatted reporting tables via gt', and tools to assess logistic regression model assumptions.

This package provides a user interface to create or modify pharmacometric models for various modeling and simulation software platforms.

Measure productivity and efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Available methods include DEA under different technology assumptions, bootstrapping of efficiency scores and calculation of the Malmquist productivity index. Analyses can be performed either in the console or with the provided shiny app. See Banker, R.; Charnes, A.; Cooper, W.W. (1984) <doi:10.1287/mnsc.30.9.1078>, Färe, R.; Grosskopf, S. (1996) <doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1816-0>.

Generates multivariate data with count and continuous variables with a pre-specified correlation matrix. The count and continuous variables are assumed to have Poisson and normal marginals, respectively. The data generation mechanism is a combination of the normal to anything principle and a connection between Poisson and normal correlations in the mixture. The details of the method are explained in Yahav et al. (2012) <DOI:10.1002/asmb.901>.

Digitally sign PDF documents with a PKCS#12 keystore and verify their signatures. Signing produces a detached PKCS#7 / CMS signature ('adbe.pkcs7.detached') over the document and is applied as an incremental update, so existing signatures remain valid. The cryptography and PDF manipulation are performed by a bundled, pure-'Rust backend (the pdf_signer crate); no Java runtime, OpenSSL', or external command-line tools are required. Visible signature appearances with custom text are supported.

This package provides tools for loading and processing passive acoustic data. Read in data that has been processed in Pamguard (<https://www.pamguard.org/>), apply a suite processing functions, and export data for reports or external modeling tools. Parameter calculations implement methods by Oswald et al (2007) <doi:10.1121/1.2743157>, Griffiths et al (2020) <doi:10.1121/10.0001229> and Baumann-Pickering et al (2010) <doi:10.1121/1.3479549>.

Classification based analysis of DNA sequences to taxonomic groupings. This package primarily implements Naive Bayesian Classifier from the Ribosomal Database Project. This approach has traditionally been used to classify 16S rRNA gene sequences to bacterial taxonomic outlines; however, it can be used for any type of gene sequence. The method was originally described by Wang, Garrity, Tiedje, and Cole in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73(16):5261-7 <doi:10.1128/AEM.00062-07>. The package also provides functions to read in FASTA'-formatted sequence data.

This package provides the tools needed to benchmark the R2 value corresponding to a certain acceptable noise level while also providing a rescaling function based on that noise level yielding a new value of R2 we refer to as R2k which is independent of both the number of degrees of freedom and the noise distribution function.

Cluster analysis via nonparametric density estimation is performed. Operationally, the kernel method is used throughout to estimate the density. Diagnostics methods for evaluating the quality of the clustering are available. The package includes also a routine to estimate the probability density function obtained by the kernel method, given a set of data with arbitrary dimensions.

This package implements the softmax aggregation method for calculating Plant Stress Response Index (PSRI) from time-series germination data under environmental stressors including prions, xenobiotics, osmotic stress, heavy metals, and chemical contaminants. Provides zero-robust PSRI computation through adaptive softmax weighting of germination components (Maximum Stress-adjusted Germination, Maximum Rate of Germination, complementary Mean Time to Germination, and Radicle Vigor Score), eliminating the zero-collapse failure mode of the geometric mean approach implemented in PSRICalc'. Includes perplexity-based temperature parameter calibration and modular component functions for transparent germination analysis. Built on the methodological foundation of the Osmotic Stress Response Index (OSRI) framework developed by Walne et al. (2020) <doi:10.1002/agg2.20087>. Note: This package implements methodology currently under peer review. Please contact the author before publication using this approach. Development followed an iterative human-machine collaboration where all algorithmic design, statistical methodologies, and biological validation logic were conceptualized, tested, and iteratively refined by Richard A. Feiss through repeated cycles of running experimental data, evaluating analytical outputs, and selecting among candidate algorithms and approaches. AI systems (Anthropic Claude and OpenAI GPT) served as coding assistants and analytical sounding boards under continuous human direction. The selection of statistical methods, evaluation of biological plausibility, and all final methodology decisions were made by the human author. AI systems did not independently originate algorithms, statistical approaches, or scientific methodologies.

Includes functions to calculate several physicochemical properties and indices for amino-acid sequences as well as to read and plot XVG output files from the GROMACS molecular dynamics package.

This package provides functions to compute p-values based on permutation tests. Regression, ANOVA and ANCOVA, omnibus F-tests, marginal unilateral and bilateral t-tests are available. Several methods to handle nuisance variables are implemented (Kherad-Pajouh, S., & Renaud, O. (2010) <doi:10.1016/j.csda.2010.02.015> ; Kherad-Pajouh, S., & Renaud, O. (2014) <doi:10.1007/s00362-014-0617-3> ; Winkler, A. M., Ridgway, G. R., Webster, M. A., Smith, S. M., & Nichols, T. E. (2014) <doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.01.060>). An extension for the comparison of signals issued from experimental conditions (e.g. EEG/ERP signals) is provided. Several corrections for multiple testing are possible, including the cluster-mass statistic (Maris, E., & Oostenveld, R. (2007) <doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024>) and the threshold-free cluster enhancement (Smith, S. M., & Nichols, T. E. (2009) <doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.03.061>).

Estimates adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their confidence intervals from logistic regression models, addressing the well-known limitation of odds ratios (OR) as approximations to PR in cross-sectional studies with common outcomes. Supports independent observations (glm()), clustered/multilevel data (glmer() from lme4'), longitudinal data via Generalised Estimating Equations (geeglm() from geepack'), and complex survey designs (svyglm() from survey'). Inference is available via the delta method (conditional and marginal standardisation) and via bootstrap (normal-approximation and percentile intervals). Continuous covariates are handled through user-specified or median-based reference values; flexible baseline specification allows any reference category to be chosen for factor predictors. Based on the methodology described in Amorim & Ospina (2021) <doi:10.1590/0001-3765202120190316>.

Store and retrieve data from options() using syntax derived from the here package. potions makes it straightforward to update and retrieve options, either in the workspace or during package development, without overwriting global options.

Estimate large covariance matrices in approximate factor models by thresholding principal orthogonal complements.