This package implements the algorithm by Briefs and Bläser (2025) <https://openreview.net/forum?id=8PHOPPH35D>, based on the approach of Gupta and Bläser (2024) <doi:10.1609/aaai.v38i18.30023>. It determines, for a structural causal model (SCM) whose directed edges form a tree, whether each parameter is unidentifiable, 1-identifiable or 2-identifiable (other cases cannot occur), using a randomized algorithm with provable running time O(n^3 log^2 n).

Read and write PNG images with arrays, rasters, native rasters, numeric arrays, integer arrays, raw vectors and indexed values. This PNG encoder exposes configurable internal options enabling the user to select a speed-size tradeoff. For example, disabling compression can speed up writing PNG by a factor of 50. Multiple image formats are supported including raster, native rasters, and integer and numeric arrays at color depths of 1, 2, 3 or 4. 16-bit images are also supported. This implementation uses the libspng C library which is available from <https://github.com/randy408/libspng/>.

Probabilistic distance clustering (PD-clustering) is an iterative, distribution-free, probabilistic clustering method. PD-clustering assigns units to a cluster according to their probability of membership under the constraint that the product of the probability and the distance of each point to any cluster center is a constant. PD-clustering is a flexible method that can be used with elliptical clusters, outliers, or noisy data. PDQ is an extension of the algorithm for clusters of different sizes. GPDC and TPDC use a dissimilarity measure based on densities. Factor PD-clustering (FPDC) is a factor clustering method that involves a linear transformation of variables and a cluster optimizing the PD-clustering criterion. It works on high-dimensional data sets.

Random simulations of fuzzy numbers are still a challenging problem. The aim of this package is to provide the respective procedures to simulate fuzzy random variables, especially in the case of the piecewise linear fuzzy numbers (PLFNs, see Coroianua et al. (2013) <doi:10.1016/j.fss.2013.02.005> for the further details). Additionally, the special resampling algorithms known as the epistemic bootstrap are provided (see Grzegorzewski and Romaniuk (2022) <doi:10.34768/amcs-2022-0021>, Grzegorzewski and Romaniuk (2022) <doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08974-9_39>, Romaniuk et al. (2024) <doi:10.32614/RJ-2024-016>) together with the functions to apply statistical tests and estimate various characteristics based on the epistemic bootstrap. The package also includes real-life datasets of epistemic fuzzy triangular and trapezoidal numbers. The fuzzy numbers used in this package are consistent with the FuzzyNumbers package.

Enhances the functionality of the mvbutils::foodweb() program. The matrix-format output of the original program contains identical row names and column names, each name representing a retrieved function. This format is enhanced by using the find_funs() program [see Sebastian (2017) <https://sebastiansauer.github.io/finds_funs/>] to concatenate the package name to the function name. Each package is assigned a unique color, that is used to color code the text naming the packages and the functions. This color coding is extended to the entries of value "1" within the matrix, indicating the pattern of ancestor and descendent functions.

Allows the user to create a countdown in RMarkdown documents and shiny applications. The package is a wrapper of the JavaScript library flipdown.js'. See <https://pbutcher.uk/flipdown/> for more info.

It is known that current false discovery rate (FDR) procedures can be very conservative when applied to multiple testing in the discrete paradigm where p-values (and test statistics) have discrete and heterogeneous null distributions. This package implements more powerful weighted or adaptive FDR procedures for FDR control and estimation in the discrete paradigm. The package takes in the original data set rather than just the p-values in order to carry out the adjustments for discreteness and heterogeneity of p-value distributions. The package implements methods for two types of test statistics and their p-values: (a) binomial test on if two independent Poisson distributions have the same means, (b) Fisher's exact test on if the conditional distribution is the same as the marginal distribution for two binomial distributions, or on if two independent binomial distributions have the same probabilities of success.

Fuzzy inference systems are based on fuzzy rules, which have a good capability for managing progressive phenomenons. This package is a basic implementation of the main functions to use a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) provided by the open source software FisPro <https://www.fispro.org>. FisPro allows to create fuzzy inference systems and to use them for reasoning purposes, especially for simulating a physical or biological system.

Estimate the of fractal dimension of a black area in 2D and 3D (slices) images using the box-counting method. See Klinkenberg B. (1994) <doi:10.1007/BF02065874>.

This package provides a set of methods to simulate from and fit computational models of attentional selectivity. The package implements the dual-stage two-phase (DSTP) model of Hübner et al. (2010) <doi:10.1037/a0019471>, and the shrinking spotlight (SSP) model of White et al. (2011) <doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2011.08.001>.

This package provides functionality to produce graphs of probability density functions and cumulative distribution functions with few keystrokes, allows shading under the curve of the probability density function to illustrate concepts such as p-values and critical values, and fits a simple linear regression line on a scatter plot with the equation as the main title.

Diagnostic plots for optimisation, with a focus on projection pursuit. These show paths the optimiser takes in the high-dimensional space in multiple ways: by reducing the dimension using principal component analysis, and also using the tour to show the path on the high-dimensional space. Several botanical colour palettes are included, reflecting the name of the package. A paper describing the methodology can be found at <https://journal.r-project.org/articles/RJ-2021-105/index.html>.

Statistical methods and simulation tools for the interpretation of forensic DNA mixtures. The methods implemented are described in Haned et al. (2011) <doi:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01550.x>, Haned et al. (2012) <doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.11.002> and Gill & Haned (2013) <doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.08.008>.

This package provides functions for sequencing studies allowing for multiple functional annotation scores. Score type tests and an efficient perturbation method are used for individual gene/large gene-set/genome wide analysis. Only summary statistics are needed.

This package contains financial math functions and introductory derivative functions included in the Society of Actuaries and Casualty Actuarial Society Financial Mathematics exam, and some topics in the Models for Financial Economics exam.

This package provides functions to implement the Flexible cFDR (Hutchinson et al. (2021) <doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1009853>) and Binary cFDR (Hutchinson et al. (2021) <doi:10.1101/2021.10.21.465274>) methodologies to leverage auxiliary data from arbitrary distributions, for example functional genomic data, with GWAS p-values to generate re-weighted p-values.

Fire behavior prediction models, including the Scott & Reinhardt's (2001) Rothermel Wildland Fire Modelling System <DOI:10.2737/RMRS-RP-29> and Alexander et al.'s (2006) Crown Fire Initiation & Spread model <DOI:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.174>. Also contains sample datasets, estimation of fire behavior prediction model inputs (e.g., fuel moisture, canopy characteristics, wind adjustment factor), results visualization, and methods to estimate fire weather hazard.

Interface to Palantir Foundry', including reading and writing structured or unstructured datasets, and more <https://www.palantir.com/platforms/foundry/>.

Probability distributions that are sometimes useful in hydrology.

This package implements a Fellegi-Sunter probabilistic record linkage model that allows for missing data and the inclusion of auxiliary information. This includes functionalities to conduct a merge of two datasets under the Fellegi-Sunter model using the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. In addition, tools for preparing, adjusting, and summarizing data merges are included. The package implements methods described in Enamorado, Fifield, and Imai (2019) Using a Probabilistic Model to Assist Merging of Large-scale Administrative Records <doi:10.1017/S0003055418000783> and is available at <https://imai.fas.harvard.edu/research/linkage.html>.

Forest data quality is a package containing nine methods of analysis for forest databases, from databases containing inventory data and growth models, the focus of the analyzes is related to the quality of the data present in the database with a focus on consistency , punctuality and completeness of data.

Fast and flexible Kalman filtering and smoothing implementation utilizing sequential processing, designed for efficient parameter estimation through maximum likelihood estimation. Sequential processing is a univariate treatment of a multivariate series of observations and can benefit from computational efficiency over traditional Kalman filtering when independence is assumed in the variance of the disturbances of the measurement equation. Sequential processing is described in the textbook of Durbin and Koopman (2001, ISBN:978-0-19-964117-8). FKF.SP was built upon the existing FKF package and is, in general, a faster Kalman filter/smoother.

This package provides functions for selecting attributes from a given dataset. Attribute subset selection is the process of identifying and removing as much of the irrelevant and redundant information as possible.

This package provides tools, helpers and data structures for developing models and time series functions for fable and extension packages. These tools support a consistent and tidy interface for time series modelling and analysis.