This package implements bidirectional two-stage least squares (Bi-TSLS) estimation for identifying bidirectional causal effects between two variables in the presence of unmeasured confounding. The method uses proxy variables (negative control exposure and outcome) along with at least one covariate to handle confounding.

Set of functions to perform various bootstrap unit root tests for both individual time series (including augmented Dickey-Fuller test and union tests), multiple time series and panel data; see Smeekes and Wilms (2023) <doi:10.18637/jss.v106.i12>, Palm, Smeekes and Urbain (2008) <doi:10.1111/j.1467-9892.2007.00565.x>, Palm, Smeekes and Urbain (2011) <doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2010.11.010>, Moon and Perron (2012) <doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2012.01.008>, Smeekes and Taylor (2012) <doi:10.1017/S0266466611000387> and Smeekes (2015) <doi:10.1111/jtsa.12110> for key references.

This package provides a framework and toolkit to guide R dashboard developers in implementing the Behavioral Insight Design (BID) framework. The package offers functions for documenting each of the five stages (Interpret, Notice, Anticipate, Structure, and Validate), along with a comprehensive concept dictionary. Works with both shiny applications and Quarto dashboards.

This package provides several methods for generating density functions based on binned data. Methods include step function, recursive subdivision, and optimized spline. Data are assumed to be nonnegative, the top bin is assumed to have no upper bound, but the bin widths need be equal. All PDF smoothing methods maintain the areas specified by the binned data. (Equivalently, all CDF smoothing methods interpolate the points specified by the binned data.) In practice, an estimate for the mean of the distribution should be supplied as an optional argument. Doing so greatly improves the reliability of statistics computed from the smoothed density functions. Includes methods for estimating the Gini coefficient, the Theil index, percentiles, and random deviates from a smoothed distribution. Among the three methods, the optimized spline (splinebins) is recommended for most purposes. The percentile and random-draw methods should be regarded as experimental, and these methods only support splinebins.

Posterior distribution in the Black-Litterman model is computed from a prior distribution given in the form of a time series of asset returns and a continuous distribution of views provided by the user as an external function.

An implementation of Bayesian survival models with graph-structured selection priors for sparse identification of omics features predictive of survival (Madjar et al., 2021 <doi:10.1186/s12859-021-04483-z>) and its extension to use a fixed graph via a Markov Random Field (MRF) prior for capturing known structure of omics features, e.g. disease-specific pathways from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database (Hermansen et al., 2025 <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2503.13078>).

This package implements likelihood inference for early epidemic analysis. BETS is short for the four key epidemiological events being modeled: Begin of exposure, End of exposure, time of Transmission, and time of Symptom onset. The package contains a dataset of the trajectory of confirmed cases during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) early outbreak. More detail of the statistical methods can be found in Zhao et al. (2020) <arXiv:2004.07743>.

Select balanced and spatially balanced probability samples in multi-dimensional spaces with any prescribed inclusion probabilities. It contains fast (C++ via Rcpp) implementations of the included sampling methods. The local pivotal method by Grafström, Lundström and Schelin (2012) <doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01699.x> and spatially correlated Poisson sampling by Grafström (2012) <doi:10.1016/j.jspi.2011.07.003> are included. Also the cube method (for balanced sampling) and the local cube method (for doubly balanced sampling) are included, see Grafström and Tillé (2013) <doi:10.1002/env.2194>.

Graphical User Interface (via the R-Commander) and utility functions (often based on the vegan package) for statistical analysis of biodiversity and ecological communities, including species accumulation curves, diversity indices, Renyi profiles, GLMs for analysis of species abundance and presence-absence, distance matrices, Mantel tests, and cluster, constrained and unconstrained ordination analysis. A book on biodiversity and community ecology analysis is available for free download from the website. In 2012, methods for (ensemble) suitability modelling and mapping were expanded in the package.

This package provides advanced Bayesian methods to estimate abundance and run-timing from temporally-stratified Petersen mark-recapture experiments. Methods include hierarchical modelling of the capture probabilities and spline smoothing of the daily run size. Theory described in Bonner and Schwarz (2011) <doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01599.x>.

The Bayesian Markov renewal mixed models take sequentially observed categorical data with continuous duration times, being either state duration or inter-state duration. These models comprehensively analyze the stochastic dynamics of both state transitions and duration times under the influence of multiple exogenous factors and random individual effect. The default setting flexibly models the transition probabilities using Dirichlet mixtures and the duration times using gamma mixtures. It also provides the flexibility of modeling the categorical sequences using Bayesian Markov mixed models alone, either ignoring the duration times altogether or dividing duration time into multiples of an additional category in the sequence by a user-specific unit. The package allows extensive inference of the state transition probabilities and the duration times as well as relevant plots and graphs. It also includes a synthetic data set to demonstrate the desired format of input data set and the utility of various functions. Methods for Bayesian Markov renewal mixed models are as described in: Abhra Sarkar et al., (2018) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2018.1423986> and Yutong Wu et al., (2022) <doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxac050>.

This package provides a Bayesian data modeling scheme that performs four interconnected tasks: (i) characterizes the uncertainty of the elicited parametric prior; (ii) provides exploratory diagnostic for checking prior-data conflict; (iii) computes the final statistical prior density estimate; and (iv) executes macro- and micro-inference. Primary reference is Mukhopadhyay, S. and Fletcher, D. 2018 paper "Generalized Empirical Bayes via Frequentist Goodness of Fit" (<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-28130-5 >).

This package performs parametric mediation analysis using the Bayesian g-formula approach for binary and continuous outcomes. The methodology is based on Comment (2018) <doi:10.5281/zenodo.1285275> and a demonstration of its application can be found at Yimer et al. (2022) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2210.08499>.

Bayesian analysis for stochastic extensions of non-linear dynamic systems using advanced computational algorithms. Described in Bouranis, L., Demiris, N., Kalogeropoulos, K., and Ntzoufras, I. (2022) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2211.15229>.

This package provides squared semi partial correlations, tolerance, Mahalanobis, Likelihood Ratio Chi Square, and Pseudo R Square. Aberson, C. L. (2022) <doi:10.31234/osf.io/s2yqn>.

Extract data from Birdscan MR1 SQL vertical-looking radar databases, filter, and process them to Migration Traffic Rates (#objects per hour and km) or density (#objects per km3) of, for example birds, and insects. Object classifications in the Birdscan MR1 databases are based on the dataset of Haest et al. (2021) <doi:10.5281/zenodo.5734960>). Migration Traffic Rates and densities can be calculated separately for different height bins (with a height resolution of choice) as well as over time periods of choice (e.g., 1/2 hour, 1 hour, 1 day, day/night, the full time period of observation, and anything in between). Two plotting functions are also included to explore the data in the SQL databases and the resulting Migration Traffic Rate results. For details on the Migration Traffic Rate calculation procedures, see Schmid et al. (2019) <doi:10.1111/ecog.04025>.

The backfill Bayesian optimal interval design using efficacy and toxicity outcomes for dose optimization (BF-BOIN-ET) design is a novel clinical trial design to allow patients to be backfilled at lower doses during a dose-finding trial while prioritizing the dose-escalation cohort to explore a higher dose. The advantages compared to the other designs in terms of the percentage of correct optimal dose (OD) selection, reducing the sample size, and shortening the duration of the trial, in various realistic setting.

Generates interactive bipartite graphs using the D3 library. Designed for use with the bipartite analysis package. Includes open source viz-js library Adapted from examples at <https://bl.ocks.org/NPashaP> (released under GPL-3).

This package implements the Bayesian Synthetic Control method for causal inference in comparative case studies. This package provides tools for estimating treatment effects in settings with a single treated unit and multiple control units, allowing for uncertainty quantification and flexible modeling of time-varying effects. The methodology is based on the paper by Vives and Martinez (2022) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2206.01779>.

Estimation of hierarchical Bayesian vector autoregressive models following Kuschnig & Vashold (2021) <doi:10.18637/jss.v100.i14>. Implements hierarchical prior selection for conjugate priors in the fashion of Giannone, Lenza & Primiceri (2015) <doi:10.1162/REST_a_00483>. Functions to compute and identify impulse responses, calculate forecasts, forecast error variance decompositions and scenarios are available. Several methods to print, plot and summarise results facilitate analysis.

The Bootstrap framework lets you add some JavaScript functionality to your web site by adding attributes to your HTML tags - Bootstrap takes care of the JavaScript <https://getbootstrap.com/docs/3.3/javascript/>. If you are using R Markdown or Shiny, you can use these functions to create collapsible sections, accordion panels, modals, tooltips, popovers, and an accordion sidebar framework (not described at Bootstrap site). Please note this package was designed for Bootstrap 3.3.

This package implements functions that calculate upper prediction bounds on the false discovery proportion (FDP) in the list of discoveries returned by competition-based setups, implementing Ebadi et al. (2022) <arXiv:2302.11837>. Such setups include target-decoy competition (TDC) in computational mass spectrometry and the knockoff construction in linear regression (note this package typically uses the terminology of TDC). Included is the standardized (TDC-SB) and uniform (TDC-UB) bound on TDC's FDP, and the simultaneous standardized and uniform bands. Requires pre-computed Monte Carlo statistics available at <https://github.com/uni-Arya/fdpbandsdata>. This data can be downloaded by running the command devtools::install_github("uni-Arya/fdpbandsdata") in R and restarting R after installation. The size of this data is roughly 81Mb.

This package creates an area-proportional Venn diagram of 2 or 3 circles. BioVenn is the only R package that can automatically generate an accurate area-proportional Venn diagram by having only lists of (biological) identifiers as input. Also offers the option to map Entrez and/or Affymetrix IDs to Ensembl IDs. In SVG mode, text and numbers can be dragged and dropped. Based on the BioVenn web interface available at <https://www.biovenn.nl>. Hulsen (2021) <doi:10.3233/DS-210032>.

Get z-scores, percentiles, absolute values, and percent of predicted of a reference cohort. Functionality requires installing the data packages adiposerefdata and musclerefdata'. For more information on the underlying research, please visit our website which also includes a graphical interface. The models and underlying data are described in Marquardt JP et al.(planned publication 2025; reserved doi 10.1097/RLI.0000000000001104), "Subcutaneous and Visceral adipose tissue Reference Values from Framingham Heart Study Thoracic and Abdominal CT", *Investigative Radiology* and Tonnesen PE et al. (2023), "Muscle Reference Values from Thoracic and Abdominal CT for Sarcopenia Assessment [column] The Framingham Heart Study", *Investigative Radiology*, <doi:10.1097/RLI.0000000000001012>.