O-statistics, or overlap statistics, measure the degree of community-level trait overlap. They are estimated by fitting nonparametric kernel density functions to each speciesâ trait distribution and calculating their areas of overlap. For instance, the median pairwise overlap for a community is calculated by first determining the overlap of each species pair in trait space, and then taking the median overlap of each species pair in a community. This median overlap value is called the O-statistic (O for overlap). The Ostats() function calculates separate univariate overlap statistics for each trait, while the Ostats_multivariate() function calculates a single multivariate overlap statistic for all traits. O-statistics can be evaluated against null models to obtain standardized effect sizes. Ostats is part of the collaborative Macrosystems Biodiversity Project "Local- to continental-scale drivers of biodiversity across the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON)." For more information on this project, see the Macrosystems Biodiversity Website (<https://neon-biodiversity.github.io/>). Calculation of O-statistics is described in Read et al. (2018) <doi:10.1111/ecog.03641>, and a teaching module for introducing the underlying biological concepts at an undergraduate level is described in Grady et al. (2018) <http://tiee.esa.org/vol/v14/issues/figure_sets/grady/abstract.html>.

Interface to make HTTP requests to OpenBlender API services. Go to <https://openblender.io> for more information.

An implementation of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition for linear regression models.

Advanced forecasting algorithms for long-term energy demand at the national or regional level. The methodology is based on Grandón et al. (2024) <doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122249>; Zimmermann & Ziel (2024) <doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125444>. Real-time data, including power demand, weather conditions, and macroeconomic indicators, are provided through automated API integration with various institutions. The modular approach maintains transparency on the various model selection processes and encompasses the ability to be adapted to individual needs. oRaklE tries to help facilitating robust decision-making in energy management and planning.

The supplied code allows for the generation of discrete time series of oscillating species. General shapes can be selected by means of individual functions, which are widely customizable by means of function arguments. All code was developed in the Biological Information Processing Group at the BioQuant Center at Heidelberg University, Germany.

Convenient download functions enabling access Open Source Asset Pricing (OpenAP) data. This package enables users to download predictor portfolio returns (over 200 cross-sectional predictors with multiple portfolio construction methods) and firm characteristics (over 200 characteristics replicated from the academic asset pricing literature). Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP)-based variables such as Price, Size, and Short-term Reversal can be downloaded with a Wharton Research Data Services (WRDS, <https://wrds-www.wharton.upenn.edu/>) subscription. For a full list of what is available, see <https://www.openassetpricing.com/>.

Aids practitioners to optimally design experiments that measure the slope divided by the intercept and provides confidence intervals for the ratio.

Online PCA for multivariate and functional data using perturbation methods, low-rank incremental methods, and stochastic optimization methods.

Sequential outlier identification for Gaussian mixture models using the distribution of Mahalanobis distances. The optimal number of outliers is chosen based on the dissimilarity between the theoretical and observed distributions of the scaled squared sample Mahalanobis distances. Also includes an extension for Gaussian linear cluster-weighted models using the distribution of studentized residuals. Doherty, McNicholas, and White (2025) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2505.11668>.

Help and demo in Spanish of the orloca package. Ayuda y demo en espanol del paquete orloca. Objetos y metodos para manejar y resolver el problema de localizacion de suma minima, tambien conocido como problema de Fermat-Weber. El problema de localizacion de suma minima busca un punto tal que la suma ponderada de las distancias a los puntos de demanda se minimice. Vease "The Fermat-Weber location problem revisited" por Brimberg, Mathematical Programming, 1, pag. 71-76, 1995. <DOI: 10.1007/BF01592245>. Se usan algoritmos generales de optimizacion global para resolver el problema, junto con el metodo especifico Weiszfeld, vease "Sur le point pour lequel la Somme des distance de n points donnes est minimum", por Weiszfeld, Tohoku Mathematical Journal, First Series, 43, pag. 355-386, 1937 o "On the point for which the sum of the distances to n given points is minimum", por E. Weiszfeld y F. Plastria, Annals of Operations Research, 167, pg. 7-41, 2009. <DOI:10.1007/s10479-008-0352-z>.

This package provides functions for estimating the overlapping area of two or more kernel density estimations from empirical data.

Obtain and evaluate various optimal designs for the 3, 4, and 5-parameter logistic models. The optimal designs are obtained based on the numerical algorithm in Hyun, Wong, Yang (2018) <doi:10.18637/jss.v083.i05>.

We provide two algorithms for monitoring change points with online matrix-valued time series, under the assumption of a two-way factor structure. The algorithms are based on different calculations of the second moment matrices. One is based on stacking the columns of matrix observations, while another is by a more delicate projected approach. A well-known fact is that, in the presence of a change point, a factor model can be rewritten as a model with a larger number of common factors. In turn, this entails that, in the presence of a change point, the number of spiked eigenvalues in the second moment matrix of the data increases. Based on this, we propose two families of procedures - one based on the fluctuations of partial sums, and one based on extreme value theory - to monitor whether the first non-spiked eigenvalue diverges after a point in time in the monitoring horizon, thereby indicating the presence of a change point. This package also provides some simple functions for detecting and removing outliers, imputing missing entries and testing moments. See more details in He et al. (2021)<doi:10.48550/arXiv.2112.13479>.

Analysis of molecular marker data from model and non-model systems. For the later, it allows statistical analysis by simultaneously estimating linkage and linkage phases (genetic map construction) according to Wu and colleagues (2002) <doi:10.1006/tpbi.2002.1577>. All analysis are based on multi-point approaches using hidden Markov models.

Algorithms for ordinal causal discovery. This package aims to enable users to discover causality for observational ordinal categorical data with greedy and exhaustive search. See Ni, Y., & Mallick, B. (2022) <https://proceedings.mlr.press/v180/ni22a/ni22a.pdf> "Ordinal Causal Discovery. Proceedings of the 38th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, (UAI 2022), PMLR 180:1530â 1540".

Potential outliers are identified for all combinations of a dataset's variables. O3 plots are described in Unwin(2019) <doi:10.1080/10618600.2019.1575226>. The available methods are HDoutliers() from the package HDoutliers', FastPCS() from the package FastPCS', mvBACON() from robustX', adjOutlyingness() from robustbase', DectectDeviatingCells() from cellWise', covMcd() from robustbase'.

This package provides a generalised data structure for fast and efficient loading and data munching of sparse omics data. The OmicFlow requires an up-front validated metadata template from the user, which serves as a guide to connect all the pieces together by aligning them into a single object that is defined as an omics class. Once this unified structure is established, users can perform manual subsetting, visualisation, and statistical analysis, or leverage the automated autoFlow method to generate a comprehensive report.

Set of tools to generate samples of k-th order statistics and others quantities of interest from new families of distributions. The main references for this package are: C. Kleiber and S. Kotz (2003) Statistical size distributions in economics and actuarial sciences; Gentle, J. (2009), Computational Statistics, Springer-Verlag; Naradajah, S. and Rocha, R. (2016), <DOI:10.18637/jss.v069.i10> and Stasinopoulos, M. and Rigby, R. (2015), <DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9876.2005.00510.x>. The families of distributions are: Benini distributions, Burr distributions, Dagum distributions, Feller-Pareto distributions, Generalized Pareto distributions, Inverse Pareto distributions, The Inverse Paralogistic distributions, Marshall-Olkin G distributions, exponentiated G distributions, beta G distributions, gamma G distributions, Kumaraswamy G distributions, generalized beta G distributions, beta extended G distributions, gamma G distributions, gamma uniform G distributions, beta exponential G distributions, Weibull G distributions, log gamma G I distributions, log gamma G II distributions, exponentiated generalized G distributions, exponentiated Kumaraswamy G distributions, geometric exponential Poisson G distributions, truncated-exponential skew-symmetric G distributions, modified beta G distributions, exponentiated exponential Poisson G distributions, Poisson-inverse gaussian distributions, Skew normal type 1 distributions, Skew student t distributions, Singh-Maddala distributions, Sinh-Arcsinh distributions, Sichel distributions, Zero inflated Poisson distributions.

Representations, conversions and display of orientation SO(3) data. See the orientlib help topic for details.

Allows distance based spatial clustering of georeferenced data by implementing the City Clustering Algorithm - CCA. Multiple versions allow clustering for a matrix, raster and single coordinates on a plain (Euclidean distance) or on a sphere (great-circle or orthodromic distance).

Fits ordinal regression models with elastic net penalty. Supported model families include cumulative probability, stopping ratio, continuation ratio, and adjacent category. These families are a subset of vector glm's which belong to a model class we call the elementwise link multinomial-ordinal (ELMO) class. Each family in this class links a vector of covariates to a vector of class probabilities. Each of these families has a parallel form, which is appropriate for ordinal response data, as well as a nonparallel form that is appropriate for an unordered categorical response, or as a more flexible model for ordinal data. The parallel model has a single set of coefficients, whereas the nonparallel model has a set of coefficients for each response category except the baseline category. It is also possible to fit a model with both parallel and nonparallel terms, which we call the semi-parallel model. The semi-parallel model has the flexibility of the nonparallel model, but the elastic net penalty shrinks it toward the parallel model. For details, refer to Wurm, Hanlon, and Rathouz (2021) <doi:10.18637/jss.v099.i06>.

Uses the outputs of a logistic regression model, from caret <https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=caret>, to build an odds plot. This allows for the rapid visualisation of odds plot ratios and works best with the outputs of CARET's GLM model class, by returning the final trained model.

This package provides functions to construct confidence intervals for the Overlap Coefficient (OVL). OVL measures the similarity between two distributions through the overlapping area of their distribution functions. Given its intuitive description and ease of visual representation by the straightforward depiction of the amount of overlap between the two corresponding histograms based on samples of measurements from each one of the two distributions, the development of accurate methods for confidence interval construction can be useful for applied researchers. Implements methods based on the work of Franco-Pereira, A.M., Nakas, C.T., Reiser, B., and Pardo, M.C. (2021) <doi:10.1177/09622802211046386> as well as extensions for multimodal distributions proposed by Alcaraz-Peñalba, A., Franco-Pereira, A., and Pardo, M.C. (2025) <doi:10.1007/s10182-025-00545-2>.

This package provides a utility to quickly obtain clean and tidy sports odds from The Odds API <https://the-odds-api.com>.