This package provides flexible maximum likelihood estimation and inference for Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and Hidden Semi-Markov Models (HSMMs), as well as the underlying systems in which they operate. The package supports a wide range of observation and dwell-time distributions, offering a flexible modelling framework suitable for diverse practical data. Efficient implementations of the forward-backward and Viterbi algorithms are provided via Rcpp for enhanced computational performance. Additional functionality includes model simulation, residual analysis, non-initialised estimation, local and global decoding, calculation of diverse information criteria, computation of confidence intervals using parametric bootstrap methods, numerical covariance matrix estimation, and comprehensive visualisation functions for interpreting the data-generating processes inferred from the models. Methods follow standard approaches described by Guédon (2003) <doi:10.1198/1061860032030>, Zucchini and MacDonald (2009, ISBN:9781584885733), and O'Connell and Højsgaard (2011) <doi:10.18637/jss.v039.i04>.

This package implements Heckman selection models using a Bayesian approach via Stan and compares the performance of normal, Studentâ s t, and contaminated normal distributions in addressing complexities and selection bias (Heeju Lim, Victor E. Lachos, and Victor H. Lachos, Bayesian analysis of flexible Heckman selection models using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, 2025, under submission).

Structural handling of Finnish identity codes (natural persons and organizations); extract information, check ID validity and diagnostics.

The Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium <https://geneontology.org/> organizes genes into hierarchical categories based on biological process (BP), molecular function (MF) and cellular component (CC, i.e., subcellular localization). Tools such as GoMiner (see Zeeberg, B.R., Feng, W., Wang, G. et al. (2003) <doi:10.1186/gb-2003-4-4-r28>) can leverage GO to perform ontological analysis of microarray and proteomics studies, typically generating a list of significant functional categories. Microarray studies are usually analyzed with BP, whereas proteomics researchers often prefer CC. To capture the benefit of both of those ontologies, I developed a two-dimensional version of High-Throughput GoMiner ('HTGM2D'). I generate a 2D heat map whose axes are any two of BP, MF, or CC, and the value within a picture element of the heat map reflects the Jaccard metric p-value for the number of genes in common for the corresponding pair.

This package provides functions to perform dimensionality reduction for classification if the covariance matrices of the classes are unequal.

Estimates treatment effects using covariate adjustment methods in Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT) motivated by higher-order influence functions (HOIF). Provides point estimates, oracle bias, variance, and approximate variance for HOIF-adjusted estimators. For methodology details, see Zhao et al. (2024) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2411.08491> and Gu et al. (2025) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2512.20046>.

An implementation of the sandwich smoother proposed in Fast Bivariate Penalized Splines by Xiao et al. (2012) <doi:10.1111/rssb.12007>. A hero is a specific type of sandwich. Dictionary.com (2018) <https://www.dictionary.com> describes a hero as: a large sandwich, usually consisting of a small loaf of bread or long roll cut in half lengthwise and containing a variety of ingredients, as meat, cheese, lettuce, and tomatoes. Also implements the spatio-temporal sandwich smoother of French and Kokoszka (2021) <doi:10.1016/j.spasta.2020.100413>.

This package provides uniform testing procedures for existence and heterogeneity of threshold effects in high-dimensional nonparametric panel regression models. The package accompanies the paper Chen, Keilbar, Su and Wang (2023) "Inference on many jumps in nonparametric panel regression models". arXiv preprint <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2312.01162>.

In some cases you will have data in a histogram format, where you have a vector of all possible observations, and a vector of how many times each observation appeared. You could expand this into a single 1D vector, but this may not be advisable if the counts are extremely large. HistDat allows for the calculation of summary statistics without the need for expanding your data.

This package contains the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 24-hour dietary recall data and Healthy Eating Index scoring standards used by the heiscore package.

This package provides a set of tools to analyze and visualize the relationships between host-associated microbiomes of hybrid organisms and those of their progenitor species. Though not necessary, installing the microViz package is recommended as a check for phyloseq objects. To install microViz from R Universe use the following command: install.packages("microViz", repos = c(davidbarnett = "https://david-barnett.r-universe.dev", getOption("repos"))). To install microViz from GitHub use the following commands: install.packages("devtools") followed by devtools::install_github("david-barnett/microViz").

Hospital time series data analysis workflow tools, modeling, and automations. This library provides many useful tools to review common administrative time series hospital data. Some of these include average length of stay, and readmission rates. The aim is to provide a simple and consistent verb framework that takes the guesswork out of everything.

Reliability Analysis and Maintenance Optimization using Hidden Markov Models (HMM). The use of HMMs to model the state of a system which is not directly observable and instead certain indicators (signals) of the true situation are provided via a control system. A hidden model can provide key information about the system dependability, such as the reliability of the system and related measures. An estimation procedure is implemented based on the Baum-Welch algorithm. Classical structures such as K-out-of-N systems and Shock models are illustrated. Finally, the maintenance of the system is considered in the HMM context and two functions for new preventive maintenance strategies are considered. Maintenance efficiency is measured in terms of expected cost. Methods are described in Gamiz, Limnios, and Segovia-Garcia (2023) <doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2022.05.006>.

This package provides a non-parametric test founded upon the principles of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test, referred to as the KS Predictive Accuracy (KSPA) test. The KSPA test is able to serve two distinct purposes. Initially, the test seeks to determine whether there exists a statistically significant difference between the distribution of forecast errors, and secondly it exploits the principles of stochastic dominance to determine whether the forecasts with the lower error also reports a stochastically smaller error than forecasts from a competing model, and thereby enables distinguishing between the predictive accuracy of forecasts. KSPA test has been described in : Hassani and Silva (2015) <doi:10.3390/econometrics3030590>.

In the framework of Symbolic Data Analysis, a relatively new approach to the statistical analysis of multi-valued data, we consider histogram-valued data, i.e., data described by univariate histograms. The methods and the basic statistics for histogram-valued data are mainly based on the L2 Wasserstein metric between distributions, i.e., the Euclidean metric between quantile functions. The package contains unsupervised classification techniques, least square regression and tools for histogram-valued data and for histogram time series. An introducing paper is Irpino A. Verde R. (2015) <doi: 10.1007/s11634-014-0176-4>.

Computation of generalized hypergeometric function with tunable high precision in a vectorized manner, with the floating-point datatypes from mpfr or gmp library. The computation is limited to real numbers.

Some methods to manipulate HDF5 files, extending the hdf5r package. Reading and writing R objects to HDF5 formats follow the specification of AnnData <https://anndata.readthedocs.io/en/latest/fileformat-prose.html>.

Hadoop InteractiVE facilitates distributed computing via the MapReduce paradigm through R and Hadoop. An easy to use interface to Hadoop, the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), and Hadoop Streaming is provided.

Calculates a suite of hydrologic indices for daily time series data that are widely used in hydrology and stream ecology.

This package provides a utility to quickly obtain clean and tidy men's basketball play by play data. Provides functions to access live play by play and box score data from ESPN<https://www.espn.com> with shot locations when available. It is also a full NBA Stats API<https://www.nba.com/stats/> wrapper. It is also a scraping and aggregating interface for Ken Pomeroy's men's college basketball statistics website<https://kenpom.com>. It provides users with an active subscription the capability to scrape the website tables and analyze the data for themselves.

This package implements the Clarke-Wright algorithm to find a quasi-optimal solution to the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem. See Clarke, G. and Wright, J.R. (1964) <doi:10.1287/opre.12.4.568> for details. The implementation is accompanied by helper functions to inspect its solution.

An implementation of an algorithm for outlier detection that can handle a) data with a mixed categorical and continuous variables, b) many columns of data, c) many rows of data, d) outliers that mask other outliers, and e) both unidimensional and multidimensional datasets. Unlike ad hoc methods found in many machine learning papers, HDoutliers is based on a distributional model that uses probabilities to determine outliers.

This package provides a comprehensive suite of spatial functions created to analyze and assess data heterogeneity and climate variability in spatial datasets. This package is specifically designed to address the challenges associated with characterizing and understanding complex spatial patterns in environmental and climate-related data.

This algorithm is described in detail in the paper "Hedging Forecast Combinations With an Application to the Random Forest" by Beck et al. (2024) <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5032102>. The package provides a function hedgedrf() that can be used to train a Hedged Random Forest model on a dataset, and a function predict.hedgedrf() that can be used to make predictions with the model.