Projections are common dimensionality reduction methods, which represent high-dimensional data in a two-dimensional space. However, when restricting the output space to two dimensions, which results in a two dimensional scatter plot (projection) of the data, low dimensional similarities do not represent high dimensional distances coercively [Thrun, 2018] <DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-20540-9>. This could lead to a misleading interpretation of the underlying structures [Thrun, 2018]. By means of the 3D topographic map the generalized Umatrix is able to depict errors of these two-dimensional scatter plots. The package is derived from the book of Thrun, M.C.: "Projection Based Clustering through Self-Organization and Swarm Intelligence" (2018) <DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-20540-9> and the main algorithm called simplified self-organizing map for dimensionality reduction methods is published in Thrun, M.C. and Ultsch, A.: "Uncovering High-dimensional Structures of Projections from Dimensionality Reduction Methods" (2020) <DOI:10.1016/j.mex.2020.101093>.

This package provides a network-based gene weighting algorithm for pathway enrichment analysis, using either RNA-seq or microarray data. Zhaoyuan Fang, Weidong Tian and Hongbin Ji (2012) <doi:10.1038/cr.2011.149>.

Graphical tools and goodness-of-fit tests for right-censored data: 1. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cramér-von Mises, and Anderson-Darling tests, which use the empirical distribution function for complete data and are extended for right-censored data. 2. Generalized chi-squared-type test, which is based on the squared differences between observed and expected counts using random cells with right-censored data. 3. A series of graphical tools such as probability or cumulative hazard plots to guide the decision about the most suitable parametric model for the data. These functions share several features as they can handle both complete and right-censored data, and they provide parameter estimates for the distributions under study.

Implement group response-adaptive randomization procedures, which also integrates standard non-group response-adaptive randomization methods as specialized instances. It is also uniquely capable of managing complex scenarios, including those with delayed and missing responses, thereby expanding its utility in real-world applications. This package offers 16 functions for simulating a variety of response adaptive randomization procedures. These functions are essential for guiding the selection of statistical methods in clinical trials, providing a flexible and effective approach to trial design. Some of the detailed methodologies and algorithms used in this package, please refer to the following references: LJ Wei (1979) <doi:10.1214/aos/1176344614> L. J. WEI and S. DURHAM (1978) <doi:10.1080/01621459.1978.10480109> Durham, S. D., FlournoY, N. AND LI, W. (1998) <doi:10.2307/3315771> Ivanova, A., Rosenberger, W. F., Durham, S. D. and Flournoy, N. (2000) <https://www.jstor.org/stable/25053121> Bai Z D, Hu F, Shen L. (2002) <doi:10.1006/jmva.2001.1987> Ivanova, A. (2003) <doi:10.1007/s001840200220> Hu, F., & Zhang, L. X. (2004) <doi:10.1214/aos/1079120137> Hu, F., & Rosenberger, W. F. (2006, ISBN:978-0-471-65396-7). Zhang, L. X., Chan, W. S., Cheung, S. H., & Hu, F. (2007) <https://www.jstor.org/stable/26432528> Zhang, L., & Rosenberger, W. F. (2006) <doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00496.x> Hu, F., Zhang, L. X., Cheung, S. H., & Chan, W. S. (2008) <doi:10.1002/cjs.5550360404>.

It provides an interesting solution for handling a high number of segmentation variables in partial least squares structural equation modeling. The package implements the "Pathmox" algorithm (Lamberti, Sanchez, and Aluja,(2016)<doi:10.1002/asmb.2168>) including the F-coefficient test (Lamberti, Sanchez, and Aluja,(2017)<doi:10.1002/asmb.2270>) to detect the path coefficients responsible for the identified differences). The package also allows running the hybrid multi-group approach (Lamberti (2021) <doi:10.1007/s11135-021-01096-9>).

This package provides tools for efficient processing of large, whole genome genotype data sets in variant call format (VCF). It includes several functions to calculate commonly used population genomic metrics and a method for reference panel free genotype imputation, which is described in the preprint Gurke & Mayer (2024) <doi:10.22541/au.172515591.10119928/v1>.

Convert GDP time series data from one unit to another. All common GDP units are included, i.e. current and constant local currency units, US$ via market exchange rates and international dollars via purchasing power parities.

The ggplot2 package provides a powerful set of tools for visualising and investigating data. The ggsoccer package provides a set of functions for elegantly displaying and exploring soccer event data with ggplot2'. Providing extensible layers and themes, it is designed to work smoothly with a variety of popular sports data providers.

The vegan package includes several functions for adding features to ordination plots: ordiarrows(), ordiellipse(), ordihull(), ordispider() and ordisurf(). This package adds these same features to ordination plots made with ggplot2'. In addition, gg_ordibubble() sizes points relative to the value of an environmental variable.

This package provides tools to download data from geoBoundaries <https://www.geoboundaries.org/>. Several administration levels available. See Runfola, D. et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLOS ONE 15(4): 1-9. <doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231866>.

This package provides functions and analytics for GENEA-compatible accelerometer data into R objects. See topic GENEAread for an introduction to the package. See <https://activinsights.com/technology/geneactiv/> for more details on the GENEActiv device.

This package implements a new multiple imputation method that draws imputations from a latent joint multivariate normal model which underpins generally structured data. This model is constructed using a sequence of flexible conditional linear models that enables the resulting procedure to be efficiently implemented on high dimensional datasets in practice. See Robbins (2021) <arXiv:2008.02243>.

This is a set of functions to retrieve information about GIMMS NDVI3g files currently available online; download (and re-arrange, in the case of NDVI3g.v0) the half-monthly data sets; import downloaded files from ENVI binary (NDVI3g.v0) or NetCDF format (NDVI3g.v1) directly into R based on the widespread raster package; conduct quality control; and generate monthly composites (e.g., maximum values) from the half-monthly input data. As a special gimmick, a method is included to conveniently apply the Mann-Kendall trend test upon Raster* images, optionally featuring trend-free pre-whitening to account for lag-1 autocorrelation.

The standard linear regression theory whether frequentist or Bayesian is based on an assumed (revealed?) truth (John Tukey) attitude to models. This is reflected in the language of statistical inference which involves a concept of truth, for example confidence intervals, hypothesis testing and consistency. The motivation behind this package was to remove the word true from the theory and practice of linear regression and to replace it by approximation. The approximations considered are the least squares approximations. An approximation is called valid if it contains no irrelevant covariates. This is operationalized using the concept of a Gaussian P-value which is the probability that pure Gaussian noise is better in term of least squares than the covariate. The precise definition given in the paper "An Approximation Based Theory of Linear Regression". Only four simple equations are required. Moreover the Gaussian P-values can be simply derived from standard F P-values. Furthermore they are exact and valid whatever the data in contrast F P-values are only valid for specially designed simulations. A valid approximation is one where all the Gaussian P-values are less than a threshold p0 specified by the statistician, in this package with the default value 0.01. This approximations approach is not only much simpler it is overwhelmingly better than the standard model based approach. The will be demonstrated using high dimensional regression and vector autoregression real data sets. The goal is to find valid approximations. The search function is f1st which is a greedy forward selection procedure which results in either just one or no approximations which may however not be valid. If the size is less than than a threshold with default value 21 then an all subset procedure is called which returns the best valid subset. A good default start is f1st(y,x,kmn=15) The best function for returning multiple approximations is f3st which repeatedly calls f1st. For more information see the papers: L. Davies and L. Duembgen, "Covariate Selection Based on a Model-free Approach to Linear Regression with Exact Probabilities", <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2202.01553>, L. Davies, "An Approximation Based Theory of Linear Regression", 2024, <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2402.09858>.

Spline regression, generalized additive models and component-wise gradient boosting utilizing geometrically designed (GeD) splines. GeDS regression is a non-parametric method inspired by geometric principles, for fitting spline regression models with variable knots in one or two independent variables. It efficiently estimates the number of knots and their positions, as well as the spline order, assuming the response variable follows a distribution from the exponential family. GeDS models integrate the broader category of generalized (non-)linear models, offering a flexible approach to model complex relationships. A description of the method can be found in Kaishev et al. (2016) <doi:10.1007/s00180-015-0621-7> and Dimitrova et al. (2023) <doi:10.1016/j.amc.2022.127493>. Further extending its capabilities, GeDS's implementation includes generalized additive models (GAM) and functional gradient boosting (FGB), enabling versatile multivariate predictor modeling, as discussed in the forthcoming work of Dimitrova et al. (2025).

Colour palettes inspired by Studio Ghibli <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_Ghibli> films, ported to R for your enjoyment.

Implement a coherent and flexible protocol for animal color tagging. GenTag provides a simple computational routine with low CPU usage to create color sequences for animal tag. First, a single-color tag sequence is created from an algorithm selected by the user, followed by verification of the combination uniqueness. Three methods to produce color tag sequences are provided. Users can modify the main function core to allow a wide range of applications.

Implementation of functions, which combines binomial calculation and data visualisation, to analyse the differences in publishing authorship by gender described in Day et al. (2020) <doi:10.1039/C9SC04090K>. It should only be used when self-reported gender is unavailable.

Goodness-of-fit tests for skew-normal, gamma, inverse Gaussian, log-normal, Weibull', Frechet', Gumbel, normal, multivariate normal, Cauchy, Laplace or double exponential, exponential and generalized Pareto distributions. Parameter estimators for gamma, inverse Gaussian and generalized Pareto distributions.

Generating, evaluating, and selecting initialization strategies for Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), along with functions to run the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. Initialization methods are compared using log-likelihood, and the best-fitting model can be selected using BIC. Methods build on initialization strategies for finite mixture models described in Michael and Melnykov (2016) <doi:10.1007/s11634-016-0264-8> and Biernacki et al. (2003) <doi:10.1016/S0167-9473(02)00163-9>, and on the EM algorithm of Dempster et al. (1977) <doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x>. Background on model-based clustering includes Fraley and Raftery (2002) <doi:10.1198/016214502760047131> and McLachlan and Peel (2000, ISBN:9780471006268).

Fits a generalized linear density ratio model (GLDRM). A GLDRM is a semiparametric generalized linear model. In contrast to a GLM, which assumes a particular exponential family distribution, the GLDRM uses a semiparametric likelihood to estimate the reference distribution. The reference distribution may be any discrete, continuous, or mixed exponential family distribution. The model parameters, which include both the regression coefficients and the cdf of the unspecified reference distribution, are estimated by maximizing a semiparametric likelihood. Regression coefficients are estimated with no loss of efficiency, i.e. the asymptotic variance is the same as if the true exponential family distribution were known. Huang (2014) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2013.824892>. Huang and Rathouz (2012) <doi:10.1093/biomet/asr075>. Rathouz and Gao (2008) <doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxn030>.

The Darwin Core data standard is widely used to share biodiversity information, most notably by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and its partner nodes; but converting data to this standard can be tricky. galaxias is functionally similar to devtools', but with a focus on building Darwin Core Archives rather than R packages, enabling data to be shared and re-used with relative ease. For details see Wieczorek and colleagues (2012) <doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029715>.

This package provides functions which make using the Generalized Regression Estimator(GREG) J.N.K. Rao, Isabel Molina, (2015) <doi:10.3390/f11020244> and the Generalized Regression Estimator Operating on Resolutions of Y (GREGORY) easier. The functions are designed to work well within a forestry context, and estimate multiple estimation units at once. Compared to other survey estimation packages, this function has greater flexibility when describing the linear model.

This package provides plotting functions for visualizing pedigrees and family trees. The package complements a behavior genetics package BGmisc [Garrison et al. (2024) <doi:10.21105/joss.06203>] by rendering pedigrees using the ggplot2 framework. Features include support for duplicated individuals, complex mating structures, integration with simulated pedigrees, and layout customization. Due to the impending deprecation of kinship2, version 1.0 incorporates the layout helper functions from kinship2. The pedigree alignment algorithms are adapted from kinship2 [Sinnwell et al. (2014) <doi:10.1159/000363105>]. We gratefully acknowledge the original authors: Jason Sinnwell, Terry Therneau, Daniel Schaid, and Elizabeth Atkinson for their foundational work.