Import and classify canopy fish-eye images, estimate angular gap fraction and derive canopy attributes like leaf area index and openness. Additional information is provided in the study by Chianucci F., Macek M. (2023) <doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109470>.

Interact with the application programming interface for the web annotation service Hypothes.is (See <http://hypothes.is> for more information.) Allows users to download data about public annotations, and create, retrieve, update, and delete their own annotations.

This package provides functions to conduct robust inference in difference-in-differences and event study designs by implementing the methods developed in Rambachan & Roth (2023) <doi:10.1093/restud/rdad018>, "A More Credible Approach to Parallel Trends" [Previously titled "An Honest Approach..."]. Inference is conducted under a weaker version of the parallel trends assumption. Uniformly valid confidence sets are constructed based upon conditional confidence sets, fixed-length confidence sets and hybridized confidence sets.

This package provides tools to model, compare, and visualize populations of taxonomic tree objects.

This package provides a stand-alone function that generates a user specified number of random datasets and computes eigenvalues using the random datasets (i.e., implements Horn's [1965, Psychometrika] parallel analysis <doi:10.1007/BF02289447>). Users then compare the resulting eigenvalues (the mean or the specified percentile) from the random datasets (i.e., eigenvalues resulting from noise) to the eigenvalues generated with the user's data. Can be used for both principal components analysis (PCA) and common/exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The output table shows how large eigenvalues can be as a result of merely using randomly generated datasets. If the user's own dataset has actual eigenvalues greater than the corresponding eigenvalues, that lends support to retain that factor/component. In other words, if the i(th) eigenvalue from the actual data was larger than the percentile of the (i)th eigenvalue generated using randomly generated data, empirical support is provided to retain that factor/component. Horn, J. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 32, 179-185.

Testing homogeneity of k multivariate distributions is a classical and challenging problem in statistics, and this becomes even more challenging when the dimension of the data exceeds the sample size. We construct some tests for this purpose which are exact level (size) alpha tests based on clustering. These tests are easy to implement and distribution-free in finite sample situations. Under appropriate regularity conditions, these tests have the consistency property in HDLSS asymptotic regime, where the dimension of data grows to infinity while the sample size remains fixed. We also consider a multiscale approach, where the results for different number of partitions are aggregated judiciously. Details are in Biplab Paul, Shyamal K De and Anil K Ghosh (2021) <doi:10.1016/j.jmva.2021.104897>; Soham Sarkar and Anil K Ghosh (2019) <doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2019.2912599>; William M Rand (1971) <doi:10.1080/01621459.1971.10482356>; Cyrus R Mehta and Nitin R Patel (1983) <doi:10.2307/2288652>; Joseph C Dunn (1973) <doi:10.1080/01969727308546046>; Sture Holm (1979) <doi:10.2307/4615733>; Yoav Benjamini and Yosef Hochberg (1995) <doi: 10.2307/2346101>.

Programmatic interface to the Harmonized World Soil Database HWSD web services (<https://daac.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/dsviewer.pl?ds_id=1247>). Allows for easy downloads of HWSD soil data directly to your R workspace or your computer. Routines for both single pixel data downloads and gridded data are provided.

Efficient tools for parsing and standardizing Australian addresses from textual data. It utilizes optimized algorithms to accurately identify and extract components of addresses, such as street names, types, and postcodes, especially for large batched data in contexts where sending addresses to internet services may be slow or inappropriate. The core functionality is built on fast string processing techniques to handle variations in address formats and abbreviations commonly found in Australian address data. Designed for data scientists, urban planners, and logistics analysts, the package facilitates the cleaning and normalization of address information, supporting better data integration and analysis in urban studies, geography, and related fields.

Provide functionality to manage, clean and match highfrequency trades and quotes data, calculate various liquidity measures, estimate and forecast volatility, detect price jumps and investigate microstructure noise and intraday periodicity. A detailed vignette can be found in the open-access paper "Analyzing Intraday Financial Data in R: The highfrequency Package" by Boudt, Kleen, and Sjoerup (2022, <doi:10.18637/jss.v104.i08>).

This package provides a user-friendly interface for the Hierarchical Data Format 5 ('HDF5') library designed to "just work." It bundles the necessary system libraries to ensure easy installation on all platforms. Features smart defaults that automatically map R objects (vectors, matrices, data frames) to efficient HDF5 types, removing the need to manage low-level details like dataspaces or property lists. Uses the HDF5 library developed by The HDF Group <https://www.hdfgroup.org/>.

Computation of generalized hypergeometric function with tunable high precision in a vectorized manner, with the floating-point datatypes from mpfr or gmp library. The computation is limited to real numbers.

An implementation of the modelling and reporting features described in reference textbook and guidelines (Briggs, Andrew, et al. Decision Modelling for Health Economic Evaluation. Oxford Univ. Press, 2011; Siebert, U. et al. State-Transition Modeling. Medical Decision Making 32, 690-700 (2012).): deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity analysis, time dependency on state-time and model-time (semi-Markov and non-homogeneous Markov models), etc.

Estimates the shape and volume of high-dimensional datasets and performs set operations: intersection / overlap, union, unique components, inclusion test, and hole detection. Uses stochastic geometry approach to high-dimensional kernel density estimation, support vector machine delineation, and convex hull generation. Applications include modeling trait and niche hypervolumes and species distribution modeling.

Hospital machine learning and ai data analysis workflow tools, modeling, and automations. This library provides many useful tools to review common administrative hospital data. Some of these include predicting length of stay, and readmits. The aim is to provide a simple and consistent verb framework that takes the guesswork out of everything.

Code Syntax Highlighting made easy for code snippets or complete files. Whether you're documenting your data analysis or creating interactive shiny apps.

This package implements various heuristics like Take The Best and unit-weight linear, which do two-alternative choice: which of two objects will have a higher criterion? Also offers functions to assess performance, e.g. percent correct across all row pairs in a data set and finding row pairs where models disagree. New models can be added by implementing a fit and predict function-- see vignette. Take The Best was first described in: Gigerenzer, G. & Goldstein, D. G. (1996) <doi:10.1037/0033-295X.103.4.650>. All of these heuristics were run on many data sets and analyzed in: Gigerenzer, G., Todd, P. M., & the ABC Group (1999). <ISBN:978-0195143812>.

This package provides functions for testing affine hypotheses on the regression coefficient vector in regression models with heteroskedastic errors: (i) a function for computing various test statistics (in particular using HC0-HC4 covariance estimators based on unrestricted or restricted residuals); (ii) a function for numerically approximating the size of a test based on such test statistics and a user-supplied critical value; and, most importantly, (iii) a function for determining size-controlling critical values for such test statistics and a user-supplied significance level (also incorporating a check of conditions under which such a size-controlling critical value exists). The three functions are based on results in Poetscher and Preinerstorfer (2021) "Valid Heteroskedasticity Robust Testing" <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2104.12597>, which will appear as <doi:10.1017/S0266466623000269>.

We provide a collection of various classical tests and latest normal-reference tests for comparing high-dimensional mean vectors including two-sample and general linear hypothesis testing (GLHT) problem. Some existing tests for two-sample problem [see Bai, Zhidong, and Hewa Saranadasa.(1996) <https://www.jstor.org/stable/24306018>; Chen, Song Xi, and Ying-Li Qin.(2010) <doi:10.1214/09-aos716>; Srivastava, Muni S., and Meng Du.(2008) <doi:10.1016/j.jmva.2006.11.002>; Srivastava, Muni S., Shota Katayama, and Yutaka Kano.(2013)<doi:10.1016/j.jmva.2012.08.014>]. Normal-reference tests for two-sample problem [see Zhang, Jin-Ting, Jia Guo, Bu Zhou, and Ming-Yen Cheng.(2020) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2019.1604366>; Zhang, Jin-Ting, Bu Zhou, Jia Guo, and Tianming Zhu.(2021) <doi:10.1016/j.jspi.2020.11.008>; Zhang, Liang, Tianming Zhu, and Jin-Ting Zhang.(2020) <doi:10.1016/j.ecosta.2019.12.002>; Zhang, Liang, Tianming Zhu, and Jin-Ting Zhang.(2023) <doi:10.1080/02664763.2020.1834516>; Zhang, Jin-Ting, and Tianming Zhu.(2022) <doi:10.1080/10485252.2021.2015768>; Zhang, Jin-Ting, and Tianming Zhu.(2022) <doi:10.1007/s42519-021-00232-w>; Zhu, Tianming, Pengfei Wang, and Jin-Ting Zhang.(2023) <doi:10.1007/s00180-023-01433-6>]. Some existing tests for GLHT problem [see Fujikoshi, Yasunori, Tetsuto Himeno, and Hirofumi Wakaki.(2004) <doi:10.14490/jjss.34.19>; Srivastava, Muni S., and Yasunori Fujikoshi.(2006) <doi:10.1016/j.jmva.2005.08.010>; Yamada, Takayuki, and Muni S. Srivastava.(2012) <doi:10.1080/03610926.2011.581786>; Schott, James R.(2007) <doi:10.1016/j.jmva.2006.11.007>; Zhou, Bu, Jia Guo, and Jin-Ting Zhang.(2017) <doi:10.1016/j.jspi.2017.03.005>]. Normal-reference tests for GLHT problem [see Zhang, Jin-Ting, Jia Guo, and Bu Zhou.(2017) <doi:10.1016/j.jmva.2017.01.002>; Zhang, Jin-Ting, Bu Zhou, and Jia Guo.(2022) <doi:10.1016/j.jmva.2021.104816>; Zhu, Tianming, Liang Zhang, and Jin-Ting Zhang.(2022) <doi:10.5705/ss.202020.0362>; Zhu, Tianming, and Jin-Ting Zhang.(2022) <doi:10.1007/s00180-021-01110-6>; Zhang, Jin-Ting, and Tianming Zhu.(2022) <doi:10.1016/j.csda.2021.107385>].

The different methods for defining, detecting, and categorising the extreme events known as heatwaves or cold-spells, as first proposed in Hobday et al. (2016) <doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2015.12.014> and Hobday et al. (2018) <https://www.jstor.org/stable/26542662>. The functions in this package work on both air and water temperature data of hourly and daily temporal resolution. These detection algorithms may be used on non-temperature data as well.

Generates synthetic electronic health record data, including patients, encounters, vitals, laboratory results, medications, procedures, and allergies. The package supports optional SARS-focused and computed tomography (CT) research views and export to CSV, SQLite, and Excel formats for research and development workflows.

Fast, model-agnostic implementation of different H-statistics introduced by Jerome H. Friedman and Bogdan E. Popescu (2008) <doi:10.1214/07-AOAS148>. These statistics quantify interaction strength per feature, feature pair, and feature triple. The package supports multi-output predictions and can account for case weights. In addition, several variants of the original statistics are provided. The shape of the interactions can be explored through partial dependence plots or individual conditional expectation plots. DALEX explainers, meta learners ('mlr3', tidymodels', caret') and most other models work out-of-the-box.

Automatically displays the order and spatial weighting matrix of the distance between locations. This concept was derived from the research of Mubarak, Aslanargun, and Siklar (2021) <doi:10.52403/ijrr.20211150> and Mubarak, Aslanargun, and Siklar (2022) <doi:10.17654/0972361722052>. Distance data between locations can be imported from Ms. Excel', maps package or created in R programming directly. This package also provides 5 simulations of distances between locations derived from fictitious data, the maps package, and from research by Mubarak, Aslanargun, and Siklar (2022) <doi:10.29244/ijsa.v6i1p90-100>.

Analysing time-series accelerometer data to quantify length and intensity of physical activity using hidden Markov models. It also contains the traditional cut-off point method. Witowski V, Foraita R, Pitsiladis Y, Pigeot I, Wirsik N (2014). <doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114089>.

This package implements hierarchically regularized entropy balancing proposed by Xu and Yang (2022) <doi:10.1017/pan.2022.12>. The method adjusts the covariate distributions of the control group to match those of the treatment group. hbal automatically expands the covariate space to include higher order terms and uses cross-validation to select variable penalties for the balancing conditions.