Flexible time classes for time series analysis and forecasting with mixed temporal granularities. Supports linear and cyclical time representations in discrete and continuous forms, with timezone support, across multiple calendar systems including Gregorian and ISO week date calendars. Time points are stored numerically relative to a chronon; an atomic time granule defined by time units of a calendar. Calendrical arithmetic enables conversion between time granules (e.g. days to months) and calendar systems. Multi-unit arithmetic allows for temporal analysis with other granules of common calendars (e.g. fortnights are 2-week units). Time vectors of different granularities (e.g. monthly and quarterly) can be combined in a single vector, making mixtime ideal for data that changes observation frequency over time or requires temporal reconciliation across scales. The package is extensible, allowing users to define custom calendars that build upon civil and astronomical time systems.

This package provides ensemble samplers for affine-invariant Monte Carlo Markov Chain, which allow a faster convergence for badly scaled estimation problems. Two samplers are proposed: the differential.evolution sampler from ter Braak and Vrugt (2008) <doi:10.1007/s11222-008-9104-9> and the stretch sampler from Goodman and Weare (2010) <doi:10.2140/camcos.2010.5.65>.

This package provides a causal mediation framework for single-cell data that incorporates two key features ('MedZIsc', pronounced Magics): (1) zero-inflation using beta regression and (2) overdispersed expression counts using negative binomial regression. This approach also includes a screening step based on penalized and marginal models to handle high-dimensionality. Full methodological details are available in our recent preprint by Ahn S and Li Z (2025) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2505.22986>.

An implementation of multiple maps t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). Multiple maps t-SNE is a method for projecting high-dimensional data into several low-dimensional maps such that non-metric space properties are better preserved than they would be by a single map. Multiple maps t-SNE with only one map is equivalent to standard t-SNE. When projecting onto more than one map, multiple maps t-SNE estimates a set of latent weights that allow each point to contribute to one or more maps depending on similarity relationships in the original data. This implementation is a port of the original Matlab library by Laurens van der Maaten. See Van der Maaten and Hinton (2012) <doi:10.1007/s10994-011-5273-4>. This material is based upon work supported by the United States Air Force and Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) under Contract No. FA8750-17-C-0020. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Air Force and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited.

Utility functions for working with environmental time series data from known locations. The compact data model is structured as a list with two dataframes. A meta dataframe contains spatial and measuring device metadata associated with deployments at known locations. A data dataframe contains a datetime column followed by columns of measurements associated with each "device-deployment". Ephemerides calculations are based on code originally found in NOAA's "Solar Calculator" <https://gml.noaa.gov/grad/solcalc/>.

The Moving Epidemic Method, created by T Vega and JE Lozano (2012, 2015) <doi:10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00422.x>, <doi:10.1111/irv.12330>, allows the weekly assessment of the epidemic and intensity status to help in routine respiratory infections surveillance in health systems. Allows the comparison of different epidemic indicators, timing and shape with past epidemics and across different regions or countries with different surveillance systems. Also, it gives a measure of the performance of the method in terms of sensitivity and specificity of the alert week. memapp is a web application created in the Shiny framework for the mem R package.

Helper functions to standardizes common workflows in the USGS Data Science Community of Practice to produce more robust, reproducible pipelines. It contains helper functions to standardize (1) the organization of project repositories and (2) the creation ofpipelines from the targets R Package (Landau et al. (2026) <doi:10.5281/zenodo.18555866>), using the DS CoP best practices. We draw upon community developed best practices as well as certain USGS-specific requirements. See Shrycock et al. (2023) <doi:10.3133/tm7B2> for examples of these USGS requirements.

Uses multiple AUCs to select a combination of predictors when the outcome has multiple (ordered) levels and the focus is discriminating one particular level from the others. This method is most naturally applied to settings where the outcome has three levels. (Meisner, A, Parikh, CR, and Kerr, KF (2017) <http://biostats.bepress.com/uwbiostat/paper423/>.).

Impute the covariance matrix of incomplete data so that factor analysis can be performed. Imputations are made using multiple imputation by Multivariate Imputation with Chained Equations (MICE) and combined with Rubin's rules. Parametric Fieller confidence intervals and nonparametric bootstrap confidence intervals can be obtained for the variance explained by different numbers of principal components. The method is described in Nassiri et al. (2018) <doi:10.3758/s13428-017-1013-4>.

This package provides a custom imputation method for the mice package based on distributional random forests. The package implements the mice.impute.DRF method, which can be used within the standard mice workflow. Missing values are imputed by estimating conditional distributions with distributional random forests and sampling observed responses using forest weights.

Maximum likelihood estimates are obtained via an EM algorithm with either a first-order or a fully exponential Laplace approximation as documented by Broatch and Karl (2018) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.1710.05284>, Karl, Yang, and Lohr (2014) <doi:10.1016/j.csda.2013.11.019>, and by Karl (2012) <doi:10.1515/1559-0410.1471>. Karl and Zimmerman <doi:10.1016/j.jspi.2020.06.004> use this package to illustrate how the home field effect estimator from a mixed model can be biased under nonrandom scheduling.

Generation of mock data from a real dataset using rank normal inverse transformation.

Efficient procedures for computing a new Multi-Class Sparse Discriminant Analysis method that estimates all discriminant directions simultaneously. It is an implementation of the work proposed by Mai, Q., Yang, Y., and Zou, H. (2019) <doi:10.5705/ss.202016.0117>.

Procedures to simulate, estimate and diagnose MGARCH processes of BEKK and multivariate GJR (bivariate asymmetric GARCH model) specification.

Computes the posterior model probabilities for standard meta-analysis models (null model vs. alternative model assuming either fixed- or random-effects, respectively). These posterior probabilities are used to estimate the overall mean effect size as the weighted average of the mean effect size estimates of the random- and fixed-effect model as proposed by Gronau, Van Erp, Heck, Cesario, Jonas, & Wagenmakers (2017, <doi:10.1080/23743603.2017.1326760>). The user can define a wide range of non-informative or informative priors for the mean effect size and the heterogeneity coefficient. Moreover, using pre-compiled Stan models, meta-analysis with continuous and discrete moderators with Jeffreys-Zellner-Siow (JZS) priors can be fitted and tested. This allows to compute Bayes factors and perform Bayesian model averaging across random- and fixed-effects meta-analysis with and without moderators. For a primer on Bayesian model-averaged meta-analysis, see Gronau, Heck, Berkhout, Haaf, & Wagenmakers (2021, <doi:10.1177/25152459211031256>).

An ensemble meta-prediction framework to integrate multiple regression models into a current study. Gu, T., Taylor, J.M.G. and Mukherjee, B. (2020) <arXiv:2010.09971>. A meta-analysis framework along with two weighted estimators as the ensemble of empirical Bayes estimators, which combines the estimates from the different external models. The proposed framework is flexible and robust in the ways that (i) it is capable of incorporating external models that use a slightly different set of covariates; (ii) it is able to identify the most relevant external information and diminish the influence of information that is less compatible with the internal data; and (iii) it nicely balances the bias-variance trade-off while preserving the most efficiency gain. The proposed estimators are more efficient than the naive analysis of the internal data and other naive combinations of external estimators.

Multivariate analysis, having functions that perform simple correspondence analysis (CA) and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), principal components analysis (PCA), canonical correlation analysis (CCA), factorial analysis (FA), multidimensional scaling (MDS), linear (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analysis, simple and multiple linear regression, multiple factor analysis (MFA) for quantitative, qualitative, frequency (MFACT) and mixed data, biplot, scatter plot, projection pursuit (PP), grant tour method and other useful functions for the multivariate analysis.

Fitting Multi-Parameter Regression (MPR) models to right-censored survival data. These are flexible parametric regression models which extend standard models, for example, proportional hazards. See Burke & MacKenzie (2016) <doi:10.1111/biom.12625> and Burke et al (2020) <doi:10.1111/rssc.12398>.

Bayesian multilevel unanchored meta-regression (ML-UMR) for indirect treatment comparisons using individual patient data (IPD) and aggregate data (AgD). Implements shared prognostic factor assumption (SPFA) and relaxed SPFA models for binary, continuous, and count outcomes via Stan'. Also provides simulated treatment comparison (STC) via parametric G-computation and naive unadjusted benchmarks. ML-UMR is an adaptation of the ML-NMR methodology (Phillippo et al. 2020, <doi:10.1111/rssa.12579>) implemented in the multinma package (GPL-3) to the unanchored two-trial case; the public API deliberately mirrors multinma's so users can move between ML-NMR and ML-UMR with the same workflow.

Make all elements of a character vector unique. Differs from make.unique by starting at 1 and allowing users to customise suffix format.

Comprehensively identifying states and state-like actors is difficult. This package provides data on states and state-like entities in the international system across time. The package combines and cross-references several existing datasets consistent with the aims and functions of the manydata package. It also includes functions for identifying state references in text, and for generating fictional state names.

R Client for the Microsoft Cognitive Services Web Language Model REST API, including Break Into Words, Calculate Conditional Probability, Calculate Joint Probability, Generate Next Words, and List Available Models. A valid account MUST be registered at the Microsoft Cognitive Services website <https://www.microsoft.com/cognitive-services/> in order to obtain a (free) API key. Without an API key, this package will not work properly.

Sentiment analysis is a popular technique in text mining that attempts to determine the emotional state of some text. We provide a new implementation of a common method for computing sentiment, whereby words are scored as positive or negative according to a dictionary lookup. Then the sum of those scores is returned for the document. We use the Hu and Liu sentiment dictionary ('Hu and Liu', 2004) <doi:10.1145/1014052.1014073> for determining sentiment. The scoring function is vectorized by document, and scores for multiple documents are computed in parallel via OpenMP'.

An interactive application to visualise meta-analysis data as a physical weighing machine. The interface is based on the Shiny web application framework, though can be run locally and with the user's own data.