An integrated set of tools for thermodynamic calculations in aqueous geochemistry and geobiochemistry. Functions are provided for writing balanced reactions to form species from user-selected basis species and for calculating the standard molal properties of species and reactions, including the standard Gibbs energy and equilibrium constant. Calculations of the non-equilibrium chemical affinity and equilibrium chemical activity of species can be portrayed on diagrams as a function of temperature, pressure, or activity of basis species; in two dimensions, this gives a maximum affinity or predominance diagram. The diagrams have formatted chemical formulas and axis labels, and water stability limits can be added to Eh-pH, oxygen fugacity- temperature, and other diagrams with a redox variable. The package has been developed to handle common calculations in aqueous geochemistry, such as solubility due to complexation of metal ions, mineral buffers of redox or pH, and changing the basis species across a diagram ("mosaic diagrams"). CHNOSZ also implements a group additivity algorithm for the standard thermodynamic properties of proteins.

This is a one-function package that will pass only unique values to a computationally-expensive function that returns an output of the same length as the input. In importing and working with tidy data, it is common to have index columns, often including time stamps that are far from unique. Some functions to work with these such as text conversion to other variable types (e.g. as.POSIXct()), various grep()-based functions, and often the cut() function are relatively slow when working with tens of millions of rows or more.

Convert text into synthesized speech and get a list of supported voices for a region. Microsoft's Cognitive Services Text to Speech REST API <https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cognitive-services/speech-service/rest-text-to-speech?tabs=streaming> supports neural text to speech voices, which support specific languages and dialects that are identified by locale.

This package provides an extension to the purrr family of mapping functions to apply a function to each combination of elements in a list of inputs. Also includes functions for automatically detecting output type in mapping functions, finding every combination of elements of lists or rows of data frames, and applying multiple models to multiple subsets of a dataset.

This package implements Dirichlet multinomial modeling of relative abundance data using functionality provided by the Stan software. The purpose of this package is to provide a user friendly way to interface with Stan that is suitable for those new to modeling. For more regarding the modeling mathematics and computational techniques we use see our publication in Molecular Ecology Resources titled Dirichlet multinomial modeling outperforms alternatives for analysis of ecological count data (Harrison et al. 2020 <doi:10.1111/1755-0998.13128>).

Unified access to carbon market data from compliance emissions trading systems ('EU ETS', UK ETS', RGGI', California Cap-and-Trade) and voluntary carbon markets (Verra, Gold Standard, American Carbon Registry, Climate Action Reserve, via the Berkeley Voluntary Registry Offsets Database and the CarbonPlan OffsetsDB API). Includes cross-market price data from the International Carbon Action Partnership ('ICAP') Allowance Price Explorer <https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/ets-prices>, global carbon pricing from the World Bank Carbon Pricing Dashboard <https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org/>, and the historical RFF World Carbon Pricing Database following Dolphin, Pollitt and Newbery (2020) <doi:10.1038/s41597-022-01659-x>. Data is downloaded from public sources on first use and cached locally.

Calculates metrics of proportionality using the logit-normal multinomial model. It can also provide empirical and plugin estimates of these metrics.

There are 6 novel robust tests for equal correlation. They are all based on logistic regressions. The score statistic U is proportion to difference of two correlations based on different types of correlation in 6 methods. The ST1() is based on Pearson correlation. ST2() improved ST1() by using median absolute deviation. ST3() utilized type M correlation and ST4() used Spearman correlation. ST5() and ST6() used two different ways to combine ST3() and ST4(). We highly recommend ST5() according to the article titled New Statistical Methods for Constructing Robust Differential Correlation Networks to characterize the interactions among microRNAs published in Scientific Reports. Please see the reference: Yu et al. (2019) <doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40167-8>.

Implementations of recent complex-valued wavelet spectral procedures for analysis of irregularly sampled signals, see Hamilton et al (2018) <doi:10.1080/00401706.2017.1281846>.

Makes univariate, multivariate, or random fields simulations precise and simple. Just select the desired time series or random fieldsâ properties and it will do the rest. CoSMoS is based on the framework described in Papalexiou (2018, <doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2018.02.013>), extended for random fields in Papalexiou and Serinaldi (2020, <doi:10.1029/2019WR026331>), and further advanced in Papalexiou et al. (2021, <doi:10.1029/2020WR029466>) to allow fine-scale space-time simulation of storms (or even cyclone-mimicking fields).

Model building, surrogate model based optimization and Efficient Global Optimization in combinatorial or mixed search spaces.

CIFTI files contain brain imaging data in "grayordinates," which represent the gray matter as cortical surface vertices (left and right) and subcortical voxels (cerebellum, basal ganglia, and other deep gray matter). ciftiTools provides a unified environment for reading, writing, visualizing and manipulating CIFTI-format data. It supports the "dscalar," "dlabel," and "dtseries" intents. Grayordinate data is read in as a "xifti" object, which is structured for convenient access to the data and metadata, and includes support for surface geometry files to enable spatially-dependent functionality such as static or interactive visualizations and smoothing.

Correcting area under ROC (AUC) for measurement error based on probit-shift model.

This package provides functions designed to simulate data that conform to basic unidimensional IRT models (for now 3-parameter binary response models and graded response models) along with Post-Hoc CAT simulations of those models given various item selection methods, ability estimation methods, and termination criteria. See Wainer (2000) <doi:10.4324/9781410605931>, van der Linden & Pashley (2010) <doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85461-8_1>, and Eggen (1999) <doi:10.1177/01466219922031365> for more details.

This package provides a set of functions to implement the Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) Method created by Yazdani, Zarate, Zavadskas and Turskis (2019) <doi:10.1108/MD-05-2017-0458>. This method is based on an integrated simple additive weighting and compromise exponentially weighted product model.

This package implements a Ward-like hierarchical clustering algorithm including soft spatial/geographical constraints.

Measures morphological diversity from discrete character data and estimates evolutionary tempo on phylogenetic trees. Imports morphological data from #NEXUS (Maddison et al. (1997) <doi:10.1093/sysbio/46.4.590>) format with read_nexus_matrix(), and writes to both #NEXUS and TNT format (Goloboff et al. (2008) <doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00217.x>). Main functions are test_rates(), which implements AIC and likelihood ratio tests for discrete character rates introduced across Lloyd et al. (2012) <doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01460.x>, Brusatte et al. (2014) <doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.034>, Close et al. (2015) <doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.047>, and Lloyd (2016) <doi:10.1111/bij.12746>, and calculate_morphological_distances(), which implements multiple discrete character distance metrics from Gower (1971) <doi:10.2307/2528823>, Wills (1998) <doi:10.1006/bijl.1998.0255>, Lloyd (2016) <doi:10.1111/bij.12746>, and Hopkins and St John (2018) <doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1784>. This also includes the GED correction from Lehmann et al. (2019) <doi:10.1111/pala.12430>. Multiple functions implement morphospace plots: plot_chronophylomorphospace() implements Sakamoto and Ruta (2012) <doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039752>, plot_morphospace() implements Wills et al. (1994) <doi:10.1017/S009483730001263X>, plot_changes_on_tree() implements Wang and Lloyd (2016) <doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.0214>, and plot_morphospace_stack() implements Foote (1993) <doi:10.1017/S0094837300015864>. Other functions include safe_taxonomic_reduction(), which implements Wilkinson (1995) <doi:10.1093/sysbio/44.4.501>, map_dollo_changes() implements the Dollo stochastic character mapping of Tarver et al. (2018) <doi:10.1093/gbe/evy096>, and estimate_ancestral_states() implements the ancestral state options of Lloyd (2018) <doi:10.1111/pala.12380>. calculate_tree_length() and reconstruct_ancestral_states() implements the generalised algorithms from Swofford and Maddison (1992; no doi).

This package provides an implementation of â Curricular Analyticsâ , a framework for analyzing and quantifying the complexity of academic curricula. Curricula are modelled as directed acyclic graphs and analytics are provided based on path lengths and edge density. This work directly comes from Heileman et al. (2018) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.1811.09676>.

Fits convolution-based nonstationary Gaussian process models to point-referenced spatial data. The nonstationary covariance function allows the user to specify the underlying correlation structure and which spatial dependence parameters should be allowed to vary over space: the anisotropy, nugget variance, and process variance. The parameters are estimated via maximum likelihood, using a local likelihood approach. Also provided are functions to fit stationary spatial models for comparison, calculate the Kriging predictor and standard errors, and create various plots to visualize nonstationarity.

This package provides a constrained generalized additive model is fitted by the cgam routine. Given a set of predictors, each of which may have a shape or order restrictions, the maximum likelihood estimator for the constrained generalized additive model is found using an iteratively re-weighted cone projection algorithm. The ShapeSelect routine chooses a subset of predictor variables and describes the component relationships with the response. For each predictor, the user needs only specify a set of possible shape or order restrictions. A model selection method chooses the shapes and orderings of the relationships as well as the variables. The cone information criterion (CIC) is used to select the best combination of variables and shapes. A genetic algorithm may be used when the set of possible models is large. In addition, the cgam routine implements a two-dimensional isotonic regression using warped-plane splines without additivity assumptions. It can also fit a convex or concave regression surface with triangle splines without additivity assumptions. See Liao X, Meyer MC (2019)<doi:10.18637/jss.v089.i05> for more details.

Solves control systems problems relating to time/frequency response, LTI systems design and analysis, transfer function manipulations, and system conversion.

Manipulate and analyze 3-D structural geometry of Protein Data Bank (PDB) files.

This package provides iterators for combinations, permutations, subsets, and Cartesian product, which allow one to go through all elements without creating a huge set of all possible values.

Estimate coefficients of Cox proportional hazards model using stochastic gradient descent algorithm for batch data.