State-of-the-art Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimiser (MOPSO), based on the algorithm developed by Lin et al. (2018) <doi:10.1109/TEVC.2016.2631279> with improvements described by Marinao-Rivas & Zambrano-Bigiarini (2020) <doi:10.1109/LA-CCI48322.2021.9769844>. This package is inspired by and closely follows the philosophy of the single objective hydroPSO R package ((Zambrano-Bigiarini & Rojas, 2013) <doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.01.004>), and can be used for global optimisation of non-smooth and non-linear R functions and R-base models (e.g., TUWmodel', GR4J', GR6J'). However, the main focus of hydroMOPSO is optimising environmental and other real-world models that need to be run from the system console (e.g., SWAT+'). hydroMOPSO communicates with the model to be optimised through its input and output files, without requiring modifying its source code. Thanks to its flexible design and the availability of several fine-tuning options, hydroMOPSO can tackle a wide range of multi-objective optimisation problems (e.g., multi-objective functions, multiple model variables, multiple periods). Finally, hydroMOPSO is designed to run on multi-core machines or network clusters, to alleviate the computational burden of complex models with long execution time.

The seed germination process starts with water uptake by the seed and ends with the protrusion of radicle and plumule under varying temperatures and soil water potential. Hydrotime is a way to describe the relationship between water potential and seed germination rates at germination percentages. One important quantity before applying hydrotime modeling of germination percentages is to consider the proportion of viable seeds that could germinate under saturated conditions. This package can be used to apply correction factors at various water potentials before estimating parameters like stress tolerance, and uniformity of the hydrotime model. Three different distributions namely, Gaussian, Logistic, and Extreme value distributions have been considered to fit the model to the seed germination time course. Details can be found in Bradford (2002) <https://www.jstor.org/stable/4046371>, and Bradford and Still(2004) <https://www.jstor.org/stable/23433495>.

This package provides methods for closed testing using Simes local tests. In particular, calculates adjusted p-values for Hommel's multiple testing method, and provides lower confidence bounds for true discovery proportions. A robust but more conservative variant of the closed testing procedure that does not require the assumption of Simes inequality is also implemented. The methods have been described in detail in Goeman et al (Biometrika 106, 841-856, 2019).

Linear and logistic regression models penalized with hierarchical shrinkage priors for selection of biomarkers (or more general variable selection), which can be fitted using Stan (Carpenter et al. (2017) <doi:10.18637/jss.v076.i01>). It implements the horseshoe and regularized horseshoe priors (Piironen and Vehtari (2017) <doi:10.1214/17-EJS1337SI>), as well as the projection predictive selection approach to recover a sparse set of predictive biomarkers (Piironen, Paasiniemi and Vehtari (2020) <doi:10.1214/20-EJS1711>).

This package provides a user-friendly tool to fit Bayesian regression models. It can fit 3 types of Bayesian models using individual-level, summary-level, and individual plus pedigree-level (single-step) data for both Genomic prediction/selection (GS) and Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS), it was designed to estimate joint effects and genetic parameters for a complex trait, including: (1) fixed effects and coefficients of covariates, (2) environmental random effects, and its corresponding variance, (3) genetic variance, (4) residual variance, (5) heritability, (6) genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for both genotyped and non-genotyped individuals, (7) SNP effect size, (8) phenotype/genetic variance explained (PVE) for single or multiple SNPs, (9) posterior probability of association of the genomic window (WPPA), (10) posterior inclusive probability (PIP). The functions are not limited, we will keep on going in enriching it with more features. References: Lilin Yin et al. (2025) <doi:10.18637/jss.v114.i06>; Meuwissen et al. (2001) <doi:10.1093/genetics/157.4.1819>; Gustavo et al. (2013) <doi:10.1534/genetics.112.143313>; Habier et al. (2011) <doi:10.1186/1471-2105-12-186>; Yi et al. (2008) <doi:10.1534/genetics.107.085589>; Zhou et al. (2013) <doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003264>; Moser et al. (2015) <doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004969>; Lloyd-Jones et al. (2019) <doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12653-0>; Henderson (1976) <doi:10.2307/2529339>; Fernando et al. (2014) <doi:10.1186/1297-9686-46-50>.

Base R's default setting for stringsAsFactors within data.frame() and as.data.frame() is supposedly the most often complained about piece of code in the R infrastructure. The hellno package provides an explicit solution without changing R itself or having to mess around with options. It tries to solve this problem by providing alternative data.frame() and as.data.frame() functions that are in fact simple wrappers around base R's data.frame() and as.data.frame() with stringsAsFactors option set to HELLNO ( which in turn equals FALSE ) by default.

Estimates treatment effects using covariate adjustment methods in Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT) motivated by higher-order influence functions (HOIF). Provides point estimates, oracle bias, variance, and approximate variance for HOIF-adjusted estimators. For methodology details, see Zhao et al. (2024) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2411.08491> and Gu et al. (2025) <doi:10.48550/arXiv.2512.20046>.

Vapor pressure, relative humidity, absolute humidity, specific humidity, and mixing ratio are commonly used water vapor measures in meteorology. This R package provides functions for calculating saturation vapor pressure (hPa), partial water vapor pressure (Pa), relative humidity (%), absolute humidity (kg/m^3), specific humidity (kg/kg), and mixing ratio (kg/kg) from temperature (K) and dew point (K). Conversion functions between humidity measures are also provided.

Hadoop InteractiVE facilitates distributed computing via the MapReduce paradigm through R and Hadoop. An easy to use interface to Hadoop, the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), and Hadoop Streaming is provided.

An implementation of the sandwich smoother proposed in Fast Bivariate Penalized Splines by Xiao et al. (2012) <doi:10.1111/rssb.12007>. A hero is a specific type of sandwich. Dictionary.com (2018) <https://www.dictionary.com> describes a hero as: a large sandwich, usually consisting of a small loaf of bread or long roll cut in half lengthwise and containing a variety of ingredients, as meat, cheese, lettuce, and tomatoes. Also implements the spatio-temporal sandwich smoother of French and Kokoszka (2021) <doi:10.1016/j.spasta.2020.100413>.

Holistic generalized linear models (HGLMs) extend generalized linear models (GLMs) by enabling the possibility to add further constraints to the model. The holiglm package simplifies estimating HGLMs using convex optimization. Additional information about the package can be found in the reference manual, the README and the accompanying paper <doi:10.18637/jss.v108.i07>.

When considering count data, it is often the case that many more zero counts than would be expected of some given distribution are observed. It is well established that data such as this can be reliably modelled using zero-inflated or hurdle distributions, both of which may be applied using the functions in this package. Bayesian analysis methods are used to best model problematic count data that cannot be fit to any typical distribution. The package functions are flexible and versatile, and can be applied to varying count distributions, parameter estimation with or without explanatory variable information, and are able to allow for multiple hurdles as it is also not uncommon that count data have an abundance of large-number observations which would be considered outliers of the typical distribution. In lieu of throwing out data or misspecifying the typical distribution, these extreme observations can be applied to a second, extreme distribution. With the given functions of this package, such a two-hurdle model may be easily specified in order to best manage data that is both zero-inflated and over-dispersed.

Display hexagonally binned scatterplots for multi-class data, using coloured triangles to show class proportions.

Homomorphic encryption (Brakerski and Vaikuntanathan (2014) <doi:10.1137/120868669>) using Ring Learning with Errors (Lyubashevsky et al. (2012) <https://eprint.iacr.org/2012/230>) is a form of Learning with Errors (Regev (2005) <doi:10.1145/1060590.1060603>) using polynomial rings over finite fields. Functions to generate the required polynomials (using polynom'), with various distributions of coefficients are provided. Additionally, functions to generate and take coefficient modulo are provided.

This package provides a modular and computationally efficient R package for parameterizing, simulating, and analyzing health economic simulation models. The package supports cohort discrete time state transition models (Briggs et al. 1998) <doi:10.2165/00019053-199813040-00003>, N-state partitioned survival models (Glasziou et al. 1990) <doi:10.1002/sim.4780091106>, and individual-level continuous time state transition models (Siebert et al. 2012) <doi:10.1016/j.jval.2012.06.014>, encompassing both Markov (time-homogeneous and time-inhomogeneous) and semi-Markov processes. Decision uncertainty from a cost-effectiveness analysis is quantified with standard graphical and tabular summaries of a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (Claxton et al. 2005, Barton et al. 2008) <doi:10.1002/hec.985>, <doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2008.00358.x>. Use of C++ and data.table make individual-patient simulation, probabilistic sensitivity analysis, and incorporation of patient heterogeneity fast.

Generalized additive models with a numeric hyper column. Sign-adjustment based on the correlation of model prediction and a selected slice of the hyper column. Visualization of the integrand surface over the hyper column.

This package implements methods developed by Ding, Feller, and Miratrix (2016) <doi:10.1111/rssb.12124> <arXiv:1412.5000>, and Ding, Feller, and Miratrix (2018) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2017.1407322> <arXiv:1605.06566> for testing whether there is unexplained variation in treatment effects across observations, and for characterizing the extent of the explained and unexplained variation in treatment effects. The package includes wrapper functions implementing the proposed methods, as well as helper functions for analyzing and visualizing the results of the test.

This package performs iterative extrapolation of species haplotype accumulation curves using a nonparametric stochastic (Monte Carlo) optimization method for assessment of specimen sampling completeness based on the approach of Phillips et al. (2015) <doi:10.1515/dna-2015-0008>, Phillips et al. (2019) <doi:10.1002/ece3.4757> and Phillips et al. (2020) <doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.243>. HACSim outputs a number of useful summary statistics of sampling coverage ("Measures of Sampling Closeness"), including an estimate of the likely required sample size (along with desired level confidence intervals) necessary to recover a given number/proportion of observed unique species haplotypes. Any genomic marker can be targeted to assess likely required specimen sample sizes for genetic diversity assessment. The method is particularly well-suited to assess sampling sufficiency for DNA barcoding initiatives. Users can also simulate their own DNA sequences according to various models of nucleotide substitution. A Shiny app is also available.

Most common exact, asymptotic and resample based tests are provided for testing the homogeneity of variances of k normal distributions under normality. These tests are Barlett, Bhandary & Dai, Brown & Forsythe, Chang et al., Gokpinar & Gokpinar, Levene, Liu and Xu, Gokpinar. Also, a data generation function from multiple normal distribution is provided using any multiple normal parameters. Bartlett, M. S. (1937) <doi:10.1098/rspa.1937.0109> Bhandary, M., & Dai, H. (2008) <doi:10.1080/03610910802431011> Brown, M. B., & Forsythe, A. B. (1974).<doi:10.1080/01621459.1974.10482955> Chang, C. H., Pal, N., & Lin, J. J. (2017) <doi:10.1080/03610918.2016.1202277> Gokpinar E. & Gokpinar F. (2017) <doi:10.1080/03610918.2014.955110> Liu, X., & Xu, X. (2010) <doi:10.1016/j.spl.2010.05.017> Levene, H. (1960) <https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1573950400526848896> Gökpınar, E. (2020) <doi:10.1080/03610918.2020.1800037>.

This package provides a set of R functions which implements Hotelling's T^2 test and some variants of it. Functions are also included for Aitchison's additive log ratio and centred log ratio transformations.

Compute house price indexes and series using a variety of different methods and models common through the real estate literature. Evaluate index goodness based on accuracy, volatility and revision statistics. Background on basic model construction for repeat sales models can be found at: Case and Quigley (1991) <https://ideas.repec.org/a/tpr/restat/v73y1991i1p50-58.html> and for hedonic pricing models at: Bourassa et al (2006) <doi:10.1016/j.jhe.2006.03.001>. The package author's working paper on the random forest approach to house price indexes can be found at: <http://www.github.com/andykrause/hpi_research>.

Historical borrowing in clinical trials can improve precision and operating characteristics. This package supports a hierarchical model and a mixture model to borrow historical control data from other studies to better characterize the control response of the current study. It also quantifies the amount of borrowing through benchmark models (independent and pooled). Some of the methods are discussed by Viele et al. (2013) <doi:10.1002/pst.1589>.

This package provides easy access to essential climate change datasets to non-climate experts. Users can download the latest raw data from authoritative sources and view it via pre-defined ggplot2 charts. Datasets include atmospheric CO2, methane, emissions, instrumental and proxy temperature records, sea levels, Arctic/Antarctic sea-ice, Hurricanes, and Paleoclimate data. Sources include: NOAA Mauna Loa Laboratory <https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/data.html>, Global Carbon Project <https://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/>, NASA GISTEMP <https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/>, National Snow and Sea Ice Data Center <https://nsidc.org/home>, CSIRO <https://research.csiro.au/slrwavescoast/sea-level/measurements-and-data/sea-level-data/>, NOAA Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry <https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/socd/lsa/SeaLevelRise/> and HURDAT Atlantic Hurricane Database <https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/Data_Storm.html>, Vostok Paleo carbon dioxide and temperature data: <doi:10.3334/CDIAC/ATG.009>.

This package provides functions to conduct robust inference in difference-in-differences and event study designs by implementing the methods developed in Rambachan & Roth (2023) <doi:10.1093/restud/rdad018>, "A More Credible Approach to Parallel Trends" [Previously titled "An Honest Approach..."]. Inference is conducted under a weaker version of the parallel trends assumption. Uniformly valid confidence sets are constructed based upon conditional confidence sets, fixed-length confidence sets and hybridized confidence sets.