Index of Multiple Deprivation for UK nations at various geographical levels. In England, deprivation data is for Lower Layer Super Output Areas, Middle Layer Super Output Areas, Wards, and Local Authorities based on data from <https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2019>. In Wales, deprivation data is for Lower Layer Super Output Areas, Middle Layer Super Output Areas, Wards, and Local Authorities based on data from <https://gov.wales/welsh-index-multiple-deprivation-full-index-update-ranks-2019>. In Scotland, deprivation data is for Data Zones, Intermediate Zones, and Council Areas based on data from <https://simd.scot>. In Northern Ireland, deprivation data is for Super Output Areas and Local Government Districts based on data from <https://www.nisra.gov.uk/statistics/deprivation/northern-ireland-multiple-deprivation-measure-2017-nimdm2017>. The IMD package also provides the composite UK index developed by <https://github.com/mysociety/composite_uk_imd>.

This package provides convenient access to the German modification of the International Classification of Diagnoses, 10th revision (ICD-10-GM). It provides functionality to aid in the identification, specification and historisation of ICD-10 codes. Its intended use is the analysis of routinely collected data in the context of epidemiology, medical research and health services research. The underlying metadata are released by the German Institute for Medical Documentation and Information <https://www.dimdi.de>, and are redistributed in accordance with their license.

Integrated toolbox supporting common file formats used for intracranial Electroencephalography (iEEG) and deep-brain stimulation (DBS) study.

This package implements a modification to the Random Survival Forests algorithm for obtaining variable importance in high dimensional datasets. The proposed algorithm is appropriate for settings in which a silent event is observed through sequentially administered, error-prone self-reports or laboratory based diagnostic tests. The modified algorithm incorporates a formal likelihood framework that accommodates sequentially administered, error-prone self-reports or laboratory based diagnostic tests. The original Random Survival Forests algorithm is modified by the introduction of a new splitting criterion based on a likelihood ratio test statistic.

Tidyverse'-friendly interface to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ('IBGE') aggregate data API <https://servicodados.ibge.gov.br/api/docs/agregados?versao=3>. Query aggregates, variables, localities, periods, and metadata from surveys and censuses conducted by IBGE'.

This is the central location for data and tools for the development, maintenance, analysis, and deployment of the International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD). ISRaD was developed as a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey Powell Center and the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry. This R package provides tools for accessing and manipulating ISRaD data, compiling local data using the ISRaD data structure, and simple query and reporting functions for ISRaD. For more detailed information visit the ISRaD website at: <https://soilradiocarbon.org/>.

Convert historical monetary values into their present-day equivalents using bundled CPI (Consumer Price Index) and GDP deflator data sourced from the World Bank Development Indicators. Supports British pounds (GBP), Australian dollars (AUD), US dollars (USD), Euro (EUR), Canadian dollars (CAD), Japanese yen (JPY), Chinese yuan (CNY), Swiss francs (CHF), New Zealand dollars (NZD), Indian rupees (INR), South Korean won (KRW), Brazilian reais (BRL), and Norwegian krone (NOK). Currency codes and country names are both accepted as input.

This package provides a test bench for the comparison of missing data imputation methods in uni-variate time series. Imputation methods are compared using different error metrics. Proposed imputation methods and alternative error metrics can be used.

This package provides functions to query the IPGeolocation.io IP Location API (<https://ipgeolocation.io/documentation/ip-location-api.html>). Supports retrieval of IP location, ASN, network, currency, timezone, abuse, and security data. Response filtering is supported using fields and excludes parameters (dot notation supported), and optional objects can be requested via the include parameter. Returns parsed API responses as R objects.

This package provides function to read data from the Igor Pro data analysis program by Wavemetrics'. The data formats supported are Igor packed experiment format ('pxp') and Igor binary wave ('ibw'). See: <https://www.wavemetrics.com/> for details. Also includes functions to load special pxp files produced by the Igor Pro Neuromatic and Nclamp packages for recording and analysing neuronal data. See <https://github.com/SilverLabUCL/NeuroMatic> for details.

The Importance Index (I.I.) can determine the loss and solution sources for a system in certain knowledge areas (e.g., agronomy), when production (e.g., fruits) is known (Demolin-Leite, 2021). Events (e.g., agricultural pest) can have different magnitudes (numerical measurements), frequencies, and distributions (aggregate, random, or regular) of event occurrence, and I.I. bases in this triplet (Demolin-Leite, 2021) <https://cjascience.com/index.php/CJAS/article/view/1009/1319>. Usually, the higher the magnitude and frequency of aggregated distribution, the greater the problem or the solution (e.g., natural enemies versus pests) for the system (Demolin-Leite, 2021). However, the final production of the system is not always known or is difficult to determine (e.g., degraded area recovery). A derivation of the I.I. is the percentage of Importance Index-Production Unknown (% I.I.-PU) that can detect the loss or solution sources, when production is unknown for the system (Demolin-Leite, 2024) <DOI:10.1590/1519-6984.253218>.

R interface to access the web services of the ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) DATRAS trawl survey database <https://datras.ices.dk/WebServices/Webservices.aspx>.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but predicting patient response remains challenging. Here, we presented Intelligent Predicting Response to cancer Immunotherapy through Systematic Modeling (iPRISM), a novel network-based model that integrates multiple data types to predict immunotherapy outcomes. It incorporates gene expression, biological functional network, tumor microenvironment characteristics, immune-related pathways, and clinical data to provide a comprehensive view of factors influencing immunotherapy efficacy. By identifying key genetic and immunological factors, it provides an insight for more personalized treatment strategies and combination therapies to overcome resistance mechanisms.

This package provides a general-purpose workflow for image segmentation using TensorFlow models based on the U-Net architecture by Ronneberger et al. (2015) <arXiv:1505.04597> and the U-Net++ architecture by Zhou et al. (2018) <arXiv:1807.10165>. We provide pre-trained models for assessing canopy density and understory vegetation density from vegetation photos. In addition, the package provides a workflow for easily creating model input and model architectures for general-purpose image segmentation based on grayscale or color images, both for binary and multi-class image segmentation.

The Indian Alien Flora Information (ILORA) database contains 14 invasion-relevant variables for 1388 alien plant species in India. The package enables exploration of the database using user-defined criteria. Using this package, users can retrieve variable-specific and species-level data from the database. The package also supports exploratory data analysis and visualization to give users an idea of the variables of interest. Further details about the database are available at <https://iloradb.wixsite.com/alienflora>.

Converts character vectors between phonetic representations. Supports IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet), X-SAMPA (Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet), and ARPABET (used by the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary).

Specific functions are provided for rounding real weights to integers and performing an integer programming algorithm for calibration problems. These functions are useful for census-weights adjustments, survey calibration, or for performing linear regression with integer parameters <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Education_and_Outreach/Reports,_Presentations_and_Conferences/reports/New_Integer_Calibration_%20Procedure_2016.pdf>. This research was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service. The findings and conclusions in this publication are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent any official USDA, or US Government determination or policy.

Containerizes cytometry data and allows for S4 class structure to extend slots related to cell morphology, spatial coordinates, phenotype network information, and unique cellular labeling.

Plots U-Pb data on Wetherill and Tera-Wasserburg concordia diagrams. Calculates concordia and discordia ages. Performs linear regression of measurements with correlated errors using York', Titterington', Ludwig and Omnivariant Generalised Least-Squares ('OGLS') approaches. Generates Kernel Density Estimates (KDEs) and Cumulative Age Distributions (CADs). Produces Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) configurations and Shepard plots of multi-sample detrital datasets using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance as a dissimilarity measure. Calculates 40Ar/39Ar ages, isochrons, and age spectra. Computes weighted means accounting for overdispersion. Calculates U-Th-He (single grain and central) ages, logratio plots and ternary diagrams. Processes fission track data using the external detector method and LA-ICP-MS, calculates central ages and plots fission track and other data on radial (a.k.a. Galbraith') plots. Constructs total Pb-U, Pb-Pb, Th-Pb, K-Ca, Re-Os, Sm-Nd, Lu-Hf, Rb-Sr and 230Th-U isochrons as well as 230Th-U evolution plots.

An implementation to reconstruct individual patient data from Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curves, visualize and assess the accuracy of the reconstruction, then perform secondary analysis on the reconstructed data. We involve a simple function to extract the coordinates form the published K-M curves. The function is developed based on Poisot T. â s digitize package (2011) <doi:10.32614/RJ-2011-004> . For more complex and tangled together graphs, digitizing software, such as DigitizeIt (for MAC or windows) or ScanIt'(for windows) can be used to get the coordinates. Additional information should also be involved to increase the accuracy, like numbers of patients at risk (often reported at 5-10 time points under the x-axis of the K-M graph), total number of patients, and total number of events. The package implements the modified iterative K-M estimation algorithm (modified-iKM) improved upon the approach proposed by Guyot (2012) <doi:10.1186/1471-2288-12-9> with some modifications.

Facilitates spatial and general latent Gaussian modeling using integrated nested Laplace approximation via the INLA package (<https://www.r-inla.org>). Additionally, extends the GAM-like model class to more general nonlinear predictor expressions, and implements a log Gaussian Cox process likelihood for modeling univariate and spatial point processes based on ecological survey data. Model components are specified with general inputs and mapping methods to the latent variables, and the predictors are specified via general R expressions, with separate expressions for each observation likelihood model in multi-likelihood models. A prediction method based on fast Monte Carlo sampling allows posterior prediction of general expressions of the latent variables. Ecology-focused introduction in Bachl, Lindgren, Borchers, and Illian (2019) <doi:10.1111/2041-210X.13168>.

Infix operators to detect, subset, and replace the elements matched by a given condition. The functions have several variants of operator types, including subsets, ranges, regular expressions and others. Implemented operators work on vectors, matrices, and lists.

This package implements Individual Conditional Expectation (ICE) plots, a tool for visualizing the model estimated by any supervised learning algorithm. ICE plots refine Friedman's partial dependence plot by graphing the functional relationship between the predicted response and a covariate of interest for individual observations. Specifically, ICE plots highlight the variation in the fitted values across the range of a covariate of interest, suggesting where and to what extent they may exist.

Currently using the proportional hazards (PH) model. More methods under other semiparametric regression models will be included in later versions.