The user must supply a matrix filled with similarity values. The software will search for significant differences between similarity values at different hierarchical levels. The algorithm will return a Loess-smoothed plot of the similarity values along with the inflection point, if there are any. There is the option to search for an inflection point within a specified range. The package also has a function that will return the matrix components at a specified cutoff. References: Mullner. <ArXiv:1109.2378>; Cserhati, Carter. (2020, Journal of Creation 34(3):41-50), <https://dl0.creation.com/articles/p137/c13759/j34-3_64-73.pdf>.

Estimates membership for the Mandelbrot set.

Create legends for maps and other graphics. Thematic maps need to be accompanied by legible legends to be fully comprehensible. This package offers a wide range of legends useful for cartography, some of which may also be useful for other types of graphics.

Implementation of Matched Wake Analysis (mwa) for studying causal relationships in spatiotemporal event data, introduced by Schutte and Donnay (2014) <doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.03.001>.

Implementation of hypothesis testing procedures described in Hansen (1992) <doi:10.1002/jae.3950070506>, Carrasco, Hu, & Ploberger (2014) <doi:10.3982/ECTA8609>, Dufour & Luger (2017) <doi:10.1080/07474938.2017.1307548>, and Rodriguez Rondon & Dufour (2024) <https://grodriguezrondon.com/files/RodriguezRondon_Dufour_2025_MonteCarlo_LikelihoodRatioTest_MarkovSwitchingModels_20251014.pdf> that can be used to identify the number of regimes in Markov switching models.

This package provides weighted versions of several metrics and performance measures used in machine learning, including average unit deviances of the Bernoulli, Tweedie, Poisson, and Gamma distributions, see Jorgensen B. (1997, ISBN: 978-0412997112). The package also contains a weighted version of generalized R-squared, see e.g. Cohen, J. et al. (2002, ISBN: 978-0805822236). Furthermore, dplyr chains are supported.

The MARSS package provides maximum-likelihood parameter estimation for constrained and unconstrained linear multivariate autoregressive state-space (MARSS) models, including partially deterministic models. MARSS models are a class of dynamic linear model (DLM) and vector autoregressive model (VAR) model. Fitting available via Expectation-Maximization (EM), BFGS (using optim), and TMB (using the marssTMB companion package). Functions are provided for parametric and innovations bootstrapping, Kalman filtering and smoothing, model selection criteria including bootstrap AICb, confidences intervals via the Hessian approximation or bootstrapping, and all conditional residual types. See the user guide for examples of dynamic factor analysis, dynamic linear models, outlier and shock detection, and multivariate AR-p models. Online workshops (lectures, eBook, and computer labs) at <https://atsa-es.github.io/>.

Functionality for generating and plotting random mazes. The mazes are based on matrices, so can only consist of vertical and horizontal lines along a regular grid. But there is no need to use every possible space, so they can take on many different shapes.

This package provides a collection of methods for large scale single mediator hypothesis testing. The six included methods for testing the mediation effect are Sobel's test, Max P test, joint significance test under the composite null hypothesis, high dimensional mediation testing, divide-aggregate composite null test, and Sobel's test under the composite null hypothesis. Du et al (2023) <doi:10.1002/gepi.22510>.

Modelling interacting microbial populations - example applications include human gut microbiota, rumen microbiota and phytoplankton. Solves a system of ordinary differential equations to simulate microbial growth and resource uptake over time. This version contains network visualisation functions.

Calculate multiple statistics with confidence intervals for matched case-control data including risk difference, risk ratio, relative difference, and the odds ratio. Results are equivalent to those from Stata', and you can choose how to format your input data. Methods used are those described on page 56 the Stata documentation for "Epitab - Tables for Epidemologists" <https://www.stata.com/manuals/repitab.pdf>.

Software to support the introductory *MOSAIC Calculus* textbook <https://www.mosaic-web.org/MOSAIC-Calculus/>), one of many data- and modeling-oriented educational resources developed by Project MOSAIC (<https://www.mosaic-web.org/>). Provides symbolic and numerical differentiation and integration, as well as support for applied linear algebra (for data science), and differential equations/dynamics. Includes grammar-of-graphics-based functions for drawing vector fields, trajectories, etc. The software is suitable for general use, but intended mainly for teaching calculus.

For the purposes of teaching, it is often desirable to show examples of working with messy data and how to clean it. This R package creates messy data from clean, tidy data frames so that students have a clean example to work towards.

Based on the input data an n-dimensional cube with sub cells of user specified side length is created. The number of sample points which fall in each sub cube is counted, and with the cell volume and overall sample size an empirical probability can be computed. A number of cubes of higher resolution can be superimposed. The basic method stems from J.L. Bentley in "Multidimensional Divide and Conquer". J. L. Bentley (1980) <doi:10.1145/358841.358850>. Furthermore a simple kernel density estimation method is made available, as well as an expansion of Bentleys method, which offers a kernel approach for the grid method.

Values below the limit of detection (LOD) are a problem in several fields of science, and there are numerous approaches for replacing the missing data. We present a new mathematical solution for maximum likelihood estimation that allows us to estimate the true values of the mean and standard deviation for normal distributions and is significantly faster than previous implementations. The article with the details was submitted to JSS and can be currently seen on <https://www2.arnes.si/~tverbo/LOD/Verbovsek_Sega_2_Manuscript.pdf>.

Multidimensional projection techniques are used to create two dimensional representations of multidimensional data sets.

This package provides tools for multivariate analyses of morphological data, wrapped in one package, to make the workflow convenient and fast. Statistical and graphical tools provide a comprehensive framework for checking and manipulating input data, statistical analyses, and visualization of results. Several methods are provided for the analysis of raw data, to make the dataset ready for downstream analyses. Integrated statistical methods include hierarchical classification, principal component analysis, principal coordinates analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling, and multiple discriminant analyses: canonical, stepwise, and classificatory (linear, quadratic, and the non-parametric k nearest neighbours). The philosophy of the package is described in Å lenker et al. 2022.

Evaluate hypotheses concerning the distribution of multinomial proportions using bridge sampling. The bridge sampling routine is able to compute Bayes factors for hypotheses that entail inequality constraints, equality constraints, free parameters, and mixtures of all three. These hypotheses are tested against the encompassing hypothesis, that all parameters vary freely or against the null hypothesis that all category proportions are equal. For more information see Sarafoglou et al. (2020) <doi:10.31234/osf.io/bux7p>.

The microplot function writes a set of R graphics files to be used as microplots (sparklines) in tables in either LaTeX', HTML', Word', or Excel files. For LaTeX', we provide methods for the Hmisc::latex() generic function to construct latex tabular environments which include the graphs. These can be used directly with the operating system pdflatex or latex command, or by using one of Sweave', knitr', rmarkdown', or Emacs org-mode as an intermediary. For MS Word', the msWord() function uses the flextable package to construct Word tables which include the graphs. There are several distinct approaches for constructing HTML files. The simplest is to use the msWord() function with argument filetype="html". Alternatively, use either Emacs org-mode or the htmlTable::htmlTable() function to construct an HTML file containing tables which include the graphs. See the documentation for our as.htmlimg() function. For Excel use on Windows', the file examples/irisExcel.xls includes VBA code which brings the individual panels into individual cells in the spreadsheet. Examples in the examples and demo subdirectories are shown with lattice graphics, ggplot2 graphics, and base graphics. Examples for LaTeX include Sweave (both LaTeX'-style and Noweb'-style), knitr', emacs org-mode', and rmarkdown input files and their pdf output files. Examples for HTML include org-mode and Rmd input files and their webarchive HTML output files. In addition, the as.orgtable() function can display a data.frame in an org-mode document. The examples for MS Word (with either filetype="docx" or filetype="html") work with all operating systems. The package does not require the installation of LaTeX or MS Word to be able to write .tex or .docx files.

Perform multivariate modeling of evolved traits, with special attention to understanding the interplay of the multi-factorial determinants of their origins in complex ecological settings (Stephens, 2007 <doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.12.003>). This software primarily concentrates on phylogenetic regression analysis, enabling implementation of tree transformation averaging and visualization functionality. Functions additionally support information theoretic approaches (Grueber, 2011 <doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02210.x>; Garamszegi, 2011 <doi:10.1007/s00265-010-1028-7>) such as model averaging and selection of phylogenetic models. Accessory functions are also implemented for coef standardization (Cade 2015), selection uncertainty, and variable importance (Burnham & Anderson 2000). There are other numerous functions for visualizing confounded variables, plotting phylogenetic trees, as well as reporting and exporting modeling results. Lastly, as challenges to ecology are inherently multifarious, and therefore often multi-dataset, this package features several functions to support the identification, interpolation, merging, and updating of missing data and outdated nomenclature.

This package provides a method for multivariate ordinal data generation given marginal distributions and correlation matrix based on the methodology proposed by Demirtas (2006) <DOI:10.1080/10629360600569246>.

This package provides a modeltime extension that implements forecast resampling tools that assess time-based model performance and stability for a single time series, panel data, and cross-sectional time series analysis.

This package provides sample data sets that are used in statistics and data science courses at the Münster School of Business. The datasets refer to different business topics but also other domains, e.g. sports, traffic, etc.

This package provides readers for easy and consistent importing of Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) report files: <https://www.informatics.jax.org/downloads/reports/index.html>. These data are provided by Baldarelli RM, Smith CL, Ringwald M, Richardson JE, Bult CJ, Mouse Genome Informatics Group (2024) <doi:10.1093/genetics/iyae031>.